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Texas A&M University scientists have been working with metal-free, water-based battery electrodes, and they’re finding that the difference in energy storage capacity is as much as 1,000%.

How the water-based batteries work

In the scientists’ paper, published in Nature Materials this week, the water-based, or aqueous, batteries consist of a cathode – the negatively charged electrode; an anode – the positively charged electrode; and an electrolyte, like traditional batteries. But in this water-based battery, the cathodes and anodes are polymers that can store energy, and the electrolyte is water mixed with organic salts.

The electrolyte transfers the ions – the charge-carrying particles – back and forth between the cathode and the anode, and the electrolyte is also key to energy storage through its interactions with the electrode.

Chemical engineering professor and co-author Dr. Jodie Lutkenhaus asserts:

If an electrode swells too much during cycling, then it can’t conduct electrons very well, and you lose all the performance.

I believe there is a 1,000% difference in energy storage capacity, depending on the electrolyte choice because of swelling effects.

According to their paper, the electrodes – the “redox-active non-conjugated radical polymers” – are promising candidates for water-based batteries because of the polymers’ high discharge voltage and fast redox kinetics.

However, the researchers note in their paper’s abstract:

[L]ittle is known regarding the energy storage mechanism of these polymers in an aqueous environment. The reaction itself is complex and difficult to resolve because of the simultaneous transfer of electrons, ions, and water molecules. 

The future of aqueous batteries

The researchers suggest that water-based batteries might be able to mitigate potential shortages of metals such as cobalt and lithium, as well as eliminate the potential for battery fires.

Lutkenhaus continued:

There would be no battery fires anymore because it’s water-based.

In the future, if materials shortages are projected, the price of lithium-ion batteries will go way up. If we have this alternative battery, we can turn to this chemistry, where the supply is much more stable because we can manufacture them here in the United States and materials to make them are here.

The researchers also conducted computational simulation and analysis, and they’ll carry out further simulations to better understand the theory.

Chemistry assistant professor and co-author Dr. Daniel Tabor said:

With this new energy storage technology, this is a push forward to lithium-free batteries. We have a better molecular level picture of what makes some battery electrodes work better than others, and this gives us strong evidence of where to go forward in materials design.

Read more: A Mars rover scientist is about to scale carbon-oxygen batteries

Photo: Texas A&M Engineering



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Higher Tesla Model 3 prices bumped up EV prices overall in March

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Higher Tesla Model 3 prices bumped up EV prices overall in March

After Tesla’s price cuts pulled a quarter of overall EV prices down in February, higher Model 3 prices increased EV prices in March.

According to EV transaction price data from Kelley Blue Book’s March Average Transaction Price report released today, the average price Americans paid for an EV in March was $54,021, up from a revised $53,707 in February.

EV prices in March were lower year-over-year by 9.7%, but not as low as February, which saw a 10.5% year-over-year price drop.

Tesla Model 3 transaction prices last month, at $46,169, were lower year-over-year by 5.6% but up 6.7% month-over-month.

Incentives on the Model 3 were 8.2% of average transaction prices (ATP), or $3,778. Tesla’s overall incentives were 11.8% of ATP in March but were not the highest among EV manufacturers.

In March, incentives at Polestar were 14.4% of ATP, and Lucid was 13.6%. High incentives and discounts on most EV models continue to play a role in lower EV prices.

Stephanie Valdez Streaty, director of Industry Insights at Kelley Blue Book’s parent company Cox Automotive, said:

Notably, lower EV prices have supported EV sales volume in the US, particularly for key Tesla models.

The average transaction price for a new EV decreased by 9.0% in Q1 [2024] compared to Q1 2023 and dropped 3.8% quarter-over-quarter.

However, as noted in our Q1 EV sales report, lower EV prices have not generated appreciably higher sales volume so far.

Read more: Tesla increases Model 3 price, now costs as much as Model Y


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Daily EV Recap: Layoffs and leadership changes at Tesla

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Daily EV Recap: Layoffs and leadership changes at Tesla

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Daily EV Recap: Layoffs and leadership changes at Tesla

Listen to a recap of the top stories of the day from Electrek. Quick Charge is now available on Apple PodcastsSpotifyTuneIn and our RSS feed for Overcast and other podcast players.

New episodes of Quick Charge are recorded Monday through Thursday and again on Saturday. Subscribe to our podcast in Apple Podcast or your favorite podcast player to guarantee new episodes are delivered as soon as they’re available.

Stories we discuss in this episode (with links):

California exceeds 100% of energy demand with renewables over a record 30 days

Tesla’s head of policy and business dev leaves

BP axes jobs and scales back its EV charging business

Tesla’s top engineering executive Drew Baglino leaves in massive leadership loss

Tesla lays off ‘more than 10%’ of its global workforce

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Daily EV Recap: Layoffs and leadership changes at Tesla

Stay up to date with the latest content by subscribing to Electrek on Google News.

You’re reading Electrek— experts who break news about Tesla, electric vehicles, and green energy, day after day. Be sure to check out our homepage for all the latest news, and follow Electrek on Twitter, Facebook, and LinkedIn to stay in the loop. Don’t know where to start? Check out our YouTube channel for the latest reviews.

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Tesla heads are rolling over critical projects at Gigafactory Texas

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Tesla heads are rolling over critical projects at Gigafactory Texas

While Tesla is conducting broader layoffs, Electrek is learning that heads are rolling at Tesla over specific critical projects at Gigafactory Texas.

Tesla announced today that it is laying off over 10% of its workforce. The automaker is again using “hiring inefficiencies due to rapid growth” as the reason for the layoffs.

However, Electrek is learning that Tesla is also using this round of layoffs to clean house on some projects in Austin, Texas.

We previously reported that Tesla’s SVP of Powertrain and Energy Engineering, Drew Baglino, left the company today.

Baglino was leading many engineering projects at Tesla, including the 4680 battery cell production and the cathode factory at Gigafactory Texas in Austin. Those two projects have seen serious delays.

Sources familiar with the matter have told Electrek that Tesla has also let go of Anthony Thurston, Senior Manager of Cathode Materials & Manufacturing at Tesla, who was reporting to Baglino regarding the cathode factory project.

A person familiar with the project described it to Electrek as “a financial black hole.”

Tesla cathode factory from Joe Tegtmeyer‘s drone video

The factory is meant to supply Tesla with processed cathode material for its own battery cell production at Gigafactory Texas.

Elon Musk is reportedly unhappy with the progress at the plant, and heads are rolling. It’s unclear if Baglino was let go or left on his own amid the layoffs. Electrek reached out to Baglino, but we didn’t get a response.

Musk also pushed for other changes at Gigafactory Texas.

We reported earlier today that he shut down a project called NV9 to build a next-gen cheaper electric vehicle at the plant. Instead, Musk asked for all resources to go into the Robotaxi program and, specifically, a new data center to be built in an ongoing expansion at the factory.

Sources familiar with the matter told Electrek that the project is behind schedule. Musk is accelerating the project’s timeline to be ready to turn on the data center by August 20th, but this is what it looks like right now.

Tesla Gigafactory Texas south expansion from Airwave Dynamics‘ drone video

The timeline was already ambitious, but the CEO has accelerated it amid some of the toughest months for construction in Austin. The project is expected to experience rain and wind delays on top of the logistic challenges of supplying the computing and power electronic hardware to build the data center.

Several people involved in the project were also let go, according to sources familiar with the matter, including Amir Mirshahi, director of infrastructure at Tesla Gigafactory Texas.

Individuals involved with the project referred to it as ‘Dojo,’ which is what Tesla calls its own supercomputer program, but two people familiar with this data center project said that it would use NVIDIA hardware.

We previously reported that Tesla let go of its Dojo leadership in December 2023.

Earlier this year, Tesla announced that it is building a $500 million Dojo supercomputer cluster in New York.

Tesla aims to use the new computing power from this New York project and this Gigafactory Texas project to train its AI for self-driving. Tesla plans to unveil its Robotaxi on August 8th.

Electrek’s Take

Tesla and Elon are pushing the narrative that the layoffs are due to “hiring inefficiencies due to rapid growth”, but there’s definitely more to it.

This is leading some Tesla fans to claim that “Tesla is just trimming the fat” and “firing the bottom 10% of performers”, but again, there’s more to it.

It looks like Elon is unhappy with some of Tesla’s programs and cleaning house, for better or worse. The layoffs sort of hide the programs being killed and the resources moving around or not needed anymore.

I want to be clear that I disagree with the characterization that people being let go at Tesla this week are not good at their jobs. It might be the case in some cases, but there can be a lot of factors that result in a program not working, and Elon himself can be a factor at times. He is known to move the goal post.

Tesla’s needs are changing because Elon is changing his mind on things.

In short, Elon is putting all of Tesla’s eggs in the same basket and that basket is called self-driving.

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Daily EV Recap: Layoffs and leadership changes at Tesla

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