close video Silicon Valley Bank had a duration problem: Robert Heller
Former Federal Reserve Governor Robert Heller reacts to pressure Fed Reserve Chair Jerome Powell is facing to halt rate hikes on ‘Kudlow.’
Silicon Valley Bank, the nation's 16th-largest bank, failed because its managers made a textbook mistake, according to former Treasury Secretary Larry Summers.
Summers, a Harvard University professor who served in both the Clinton and Obama administrations, said Monday the bank "committed one of the most elementary errors in banking: borrowing money in the short term and investing in the long term."
SVB collapsed Friday after depositors ran on the bank, which didn't have cash on hand to cover their withdrawals. It was the second-biggest bank failure in U.S. history and the largest since Washington Mutual went under in 2008. Ticker Security Last Change Change % SIVB SVB FINANCIAL GROUP 106.04 -161.79 -60.41%
What happened is fairly simple: when interest rates were at historic lows, SVB invested depositors' funds in long-term Treasury bonds. But as the Federal Reserve increased interest rates to combat inflation, the price of those bonds cratered, taking SVB with it.
MORTGAGE RATES POST BIG DECLINE AMID SILICON VALLEY BANK FALLOUT
FDIC member Dedra Dorn, center left, speaks with people in line outside Silicon Valley Bank’s headquarters in Santa Clara, California, Monday, March 13, 2023. Dozens of bank customers waited in line to withdraw funds. (AP Photo/Benjamin Fanjoy / AP Images)
"When interest rates went up, the assets lost their value and put the institution in a problematic situation," Summers explained on Twitter.
On Wednesday, SVB suffered a $1.8 billion after-tax loss and attempted to address its liquidity crisis by selling equity. The move backfired – in just 24 hours, SVB lost over $160 billion in value and spooked depositors, who rushed to withdraw their money before the situation got worse.
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People look at signs posted outside an entrance to Silicon Valley Bank in Santa Clara, California, March 10, 2023. (AP Photo/Jeff Chiu / AP Newsroom)
Regulators stepped in on Friday, when the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation took control of the bank. The FDIC said in a statement that SVB had $209 billion in assets and $175.4 billion in deposits at the end of 2022. It guaranteed that insured deposits, up to the statutory limit of $250,000, would be made available by Monday.
The FDIC created a new entity, called Silicon Valley Bank N.A., and transferred all of SVB's deposits there, where depositors can access their money.
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A Silicon Valley Bank logo displayed on a smartphone. (Photo Illustration by Avishek Das/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images / Getty Images)
Former Fannie Mae head Tim Mayopoulos was appointed CEO of the new bridge bank, Reuters reported.
"I look forward to getting to know the clients of Silicon Valley Bank… I also come to this role with experience in these kinds of situations," Mayopoulos wrote in a letter to clients. "I was part of the new leadership team that joined Fannie Mae in the wake of the financial crisis in 2008-09, and I served as the CEO of Fannie Mae from 2012-18."
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In an interview on CNN, Summers called for increased supervision and regulation of the banking industry.
"It doesn't appear on current facts that a very good job was done regulating and supervising Silicon Valley Bank," he said.
