Cryptocurrencies have grown into a global phenomenon, garnering attention from investors, economists, and governments. As the popularity of digital currencies like Bitcoin BTC/USD and Ethereum ETH/USD hasskyrocketed, some experts are questioning their long-term impact on the global economy.
CitingCharles Kindleberger's "Manias, Panics, and Crashes(which, in-part, examines the cryptocurrency market as a mania) and author Robert McCauley's take that cryptocurrency is "the most speculative asset ever invented by the human mind,"Dieter Wermuth, economist and partner at Wermuth Asset Management, said in a Wednesday note to investors that several economists of the European Central Bank have raised concerns about the long-term consequences of cryptocurrencies.
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Economists have argued that cryptos are not a viable alternative to regular money, but rather an asset without substance, a system for insiders to get rich quick, and a haven for money launderers, tax evadersand other dubious characters. Additionally, economists have pointed out the massive energy consumption ofdata centers that power the crypto ecosystem, which, in turn, has contributedto climate change.
Despite the initial narrative that Bitcoin would be a better, more stable currency than traditional money, Wermuth said the cryptocurrency has proven to be inadequate in fulfilling the three essential functions of money: as a means of payment, a unit of accountand store of value.
Bitcoin's volatility, slow and expensive transaction processes,and limited acceptance as a form of payment inherently makes it a poor substitute for traditional fiat currencies, he added.
As a store of value, Bitcoin is particularly deficient, Wermuth explained. It has no inherent value, no interest paymentsand no promise to redeem the purchase price or nominal value. This makes it impossible to calculate a "fair" price, rendering Bitcoin a purely speculative asset, he said.
If market participants lose faith in its potential for price appreciation, Bitcoin could simply vanish, he warned.
From a macroeconomic perspective, Wermuthsaid Bitcoin and other cryptos are "a negative-sum game," causing a significant waste of resources.
The socially undesirable redistribution of wealth, the high income earned by those dealing in a fundamentally useless asset, the facilitation of money laundering and tax evasionand the environmental costs associated with running the IT systems all contribute to a net loss for the economy, he explained.
Ultimately, Wermuth said the global economy might be better off without cryptos, allowing for more funds to be directed towards consumption and investment.
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