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Kurdish militant group PKK announces it is disbanding – after four decades of armed conflict
A Kurdish militant group has announced it is to disband and disarm as part of a peace initiative with Turkey after four decades of armed conflict.
The historic decision by the Kurdistan Workers’ Party, or PKK, comes days after it convened a party congress in northern Iraq.
Beyond just relations with Turkey, the development could have far-reaching political and security consequences for the region, including in neighbouring Syria where Kurdish forces are allied with the US military in the fight against Islamic State.
More than 40,000 people have been killed in the conflict since the PKK launched its insurgency in 1984 in the hope of carving out a homeland for the Kurds, in an area straddling the borders of southeastern Turkey, northern Syria and Iraq, and part of Iran.
A flag showing the face of Abdullah Ocalan at a gathering in Istanbul in March. Pic: Reuters
The PKK is designated a terrorist group by Turkey and many of its Western allies.
A spokesperson for Turkey’s ruling AK Party said the PKK’s decision to disband was an important step towards a “terror-free Turkey” and it would be closing monitoring the dissolution process.
end of PKK opens gateways for resolving a conflict that has lasted for 40 years
The announcement that the PKK will lay down its arms is a significant development and could see the end of an uprising that has claimed thousands of lives.
The PKK has been in armed conflict with the Turkish state since 1984.
The move to disband and disarm follows a call from the group’s leader, Abdullah Ocalan.
He founded the PKK in 1978 – initially, the aim was to secure a Kurdish state, but over the years, the objective shifted towards gaining greater political and cultural rights.
This latest development comes after Ocalan called for a ceasefire in February.
The group says it has now achieved its objectives, and armed struggle is no longer the way forward. Instead, it will pursue its goals through democratic channels.
There are a number of reasons why all this is happening now.
The PKK has been battered by the Turkish military in recent years, and geopolitical changes in Iraq and Syria have made the organisation’s operations more difficult.
For Turkey, it is a win as President Recep Tayyip Erdogan can boast he’s done what his predecessors have failed to do – he can also appeal for support from Kurdish politicians in Turkey to help in his bid for a new term in 2028.
At present, that is a constitutional impossibility.
There are still many questions about how the group will disband and disarm, though: What happens to the fighters and what happens to the weapons?
Questions, too, about the future of Abdullah Ocalan – there are reports that under a deal, he may be paroled. He is currently serving a life sentence.
Unravelling the PKK will undoubtedly be a complex process, but the end of the group opens gateways for resolving a conflict that has lasted for 40 years.
The Firat news agency published what it said was the closing declaration of a congress that the PKK held last week in
northern Iraq, in response to a call in February from its jailed leader Abdullah Ocalan to disband.
The congress “decided to dissolve the PKK’s organisational structure and the end armed struggle, with the practical implementation of this process to be led and overseen by (Ocalan),” the agency reported.
“As a result, activities carried out under the name ‘PKK’ were formally terminated.”
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The congress assessed that the PKK’s struggle had “brought the Kurdish issue to the point of resolution through democratic politics, thus completing its historical mission”.
It was not immediately clear what was meant by having completed the “historical mission”.
Earlier this year, the PKK declared a ceasefire “to pave the way for… peace and democratic society” but attached conditions, including the creation of a legal framework for peace negotiations.