The ayatollahs insist their nuclear programme is entirely peaceful, but their leaders have also talked of wiping Israel off the face of the Earth, and that threat has been taken at face value by Israelis.
Benjamin Netanyahu clearly thinks this is the time to act for a number of reasons.
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Analysis: ‘This is the big one’
Iran has never been weaker internally after nationwide protests a few years ago, and Israel has massively degraded its proxies, Hezbollah and Hamas. And they have a sympathetic president in the White House.
Israel may have plenty on its plate in Gaza and southern Lebanon still, but that is not holding its leaders back from seizing the moment.
Critics might also wonder whether this is a distraction from the growing diplomatic isolation of Israel over Gaza.
The big fear is Iran starts striking targets in the Persian Gulf.
Enough tankers being sunk or oil refineries going up in smoke could have an immediate impact on the global economy. Bad enough and President Trump might call time on Israel’s actions. That would be the Iranian hope, at least.
So expect the following: Israel continues striking Iran; Iran hits back with all it can; America is forced to help defend Israel; Iran hits both Israel, the US and possibly US allies.
That is the predictable bit.
Wars follow the laws of unintended consequences. At any point in that escalation, unexpected events could lead to greater escalation.
Brace yourself, the coming days could go in a number of directions. If the Persian Gulf becomes the battlefield, we will all feel the consequences.