Connect with us

Published

3 years ago

on

A team of scientists from Bengaluru’s Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) has developed a device that can emulate the cognitive actions of a human brain, and is more efficient than conventional techniques. The new AI technology enhances computational speed and power consumption efficiency. The team fabricated an artificial synaptic network (ASN), resembling the biological neural network, through a simple self-forming method. Scientists said that the device structure is formed by itself while heating. While aiming to develop a synaptic device for neuromorphic applications, the team also explored a material system that mimicked neuronal bodies and axonal network connectivity, similar to that in the biological system.

The scientists said that a human brain consists of 100 billion neurons comprising axons and dendrites. These neurons interconnect with each other via axons and dendrites and form colossal junctions called a synapse. This complex bio-neural network gives rise to superior cognitive abilities, scientists believe, adding that artificial neural networks (ANN), based on software, were seen defeating humans in games such as AlphaGo and AlphaZero and even helping handle the COVID-19 situation.

Researchers said that while the power-hungry von Neumann computer architecture slows down ANN performance due to the available serial processing, the brain does the job via parallel processing, consuming just 20W of power.

Scientists said that the JNCASR team dewetted Silver metal to form branched islands and nanoparticles with nanogap separations to resemble bio neurons and neurotransmitters, where dewetting is a process of rupture of continuous film into disconnected/isolated islands or spherical particles.

“With such an architecture, several higher-order cognitive activities are emulated,” the team explained in a Ministry of Science & Technology press release.

They said that using programmed electrical signals as a real-world stimulus, this hierarchical structure emulated various learning activities such as short-term memory (STM), long-term memory (LTM), potentiation, depression, associative learning, interest-based learning, supervision, impression of supervision, and more.

Not just that, the synaptic fatigue following excessive learning and its self-recovery was also mimicked, and quite remarkably, these behaviours were emulated in a single material system without the aid of external CMOS circuits, scientists said.

The team has developed a prototype kit to emulate Pavlov’s dog behaviour that demonstrates the potential of this device towards neuromorphic artificial intelligence. It’s a remarkable achievement because the JNCASR team has taken a step further towards accomplishing advanced neuromorphic artificial intelligence by organising a nanomaterial resembling the biological neural substance.

Interested in cryptocurrency? We discuss all things crypto with WazirX CEO Nischal Shetty and WeekendInvesting founder Alok Jain on Orbital, the Gadgets 360 podcast. Orbital is available on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Spotify, Amazon Music and wherever you get your podcasts.

Related Topics:
Continue Reading

Science

Ancient Roman Silver Coins As Old As 2,000 Years Unearthed By Researchers

Published

13 hours ago

on

September 8, 2024

By

Ancient Roman Silver Coins As Old As 2,000 Years Unearthed By Researchers

A significant discovery of ancient silver coins has been made on the Mediterranean island of Pantelleria, located between Sicily and Tunisia. Archaeologists from the University of Tübingen, Germany, unearthed 27 Roman silver coins, known as “denarii,” dating back more than 2,000 years. The coins were found hidden in a hole in the wall during excavations at the Acropolis of Santa Teresa and San Marco. Some of these coins feature a human head profile, which remains unidentified.

Pirate Attack Theory

It is believed that the coins were hidden during one of the many pirate raids that plagued the region around 94 to 74 B.C., a period when the Roman Republic ruled. The discovery was made after earth from the site slipped following rainy weather, revealing part of the stash. The rest of the coins were found under a boulder. According to archaeologist Thomas Schäfer, the coins may have been concealed by locals during a pirate attack.

Pirates frequently raided coastal areas across the eastern Mediterranean until the Roman general Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, known as Pompey the Great, defeated them in 67 B.C.

Roman Ruins and Previous Discoveries

The discovery of these coins occurred near an earlier find – the heads of three Roman statues. These marble heads included portrayals of Julius Caesar, Emperor Titus (who ruled from A.D. 79 to 81), and a woman who could be Agrippina the Elder, the granddaughter of Augustus, or Antonia the Younger, daughter of Mark Antony.

The archaeological site, once a Roman settlement known as Cossyra or Cossura, remains untouched by looters and features an assembly area known as a “comitium.” Only five such locations have been found in Italy, making this a significant and well-preserved find.

Continue Reading

Science

Great White Sharks Gather in This Mysterious Spot Every Year

Published

14 hours ago

on

September 8, 2024

By

Great White Sharks Gather in This Mysterious Spot Every Year

The White Shark Café, located in the Pacific Ocean between Baja California and Hawaii, is a mysterious region where great white sharks gather every winter and spring. This area, once thought to be an ocean desert, has puzzled scientists for years. Great white sharks, typically found off the coast of California, make a long journey to this remote location. Barbara Block, a marine sciences professor at Stanford University’s Hopkins Marine Station, named the area while studying the migration of these sharks using electronic tags between 1999 and 2000.

The Enigmatic Migration

Block’s research revealed that four out of six tagged sharks swam southwest, staying in this unexplored ocean patch the size of Colorado. These sharks also engaged in deep dives, some reaching depths of 1,500 feet, sparking curiosity among scientists. Why would these sharks leave their abundant hunting grounds in California to travel to what was once considered a barren part of the ocean?

A Lively Ocean Oasis

In 2018, Block and her team embarked on a mission to uncover the mystery behind the White Shark Café. They tagged 20 sharks and retrieved data from 10, revealing surprising findings. The Café, once thought to be desolate, was brimming with life.

Deep-sea fish, squids, and microscopic algae populated the area, suggesting it could be a vital food source for the sharks. But the study suggested that the food options in the open ocean were not more than the ones they could have found in their familiar hunting grounds, which leads to the speculation that the White Shark Café might have significance for mating practices.

Mysteries of Shark Diving Patterns

However, the question remains: why do sharks seek this food in the open ocean? Observing the sharks’ diving patterns, researchers noted that males increased their deep dives in April, leading to speculation about potential mating behaviours. Still, why males dive more than females remains unclear, leaving scientists like Block and her team searching for answers.

Continue Reading

Science

Placebo Effect Link Found With Previously Unassociated Parts of the Brain

Published

15 hours ago

on

September 8, 2024

By

Placebo Effect Link Found With Previously Unassociated Parts of the Brain

Patients suffering from chronic pain have limited treatment options, often relying on medications like opioids that come with harmful side effects and high addiction risks. A new study in mice, published in Current Biology journal, suggests a new way to use the placebo effect for treating chronic pain. By activating specific neurons in the brain linked to pain relief, researchers managed to create an environment where mice associated pain relief with their surroundings, providing a sustained placebo effect.

Study by Fan Wang’s Team

Fan Wang, a neuroscientist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, led this research. Wang and her team explored how neurons in the central amygdala could be “reverse-engineered” to mimic the placebo effect, according to a Science.org report. They conditioned mice, previously affected by chemotherapy-induced chronic pain, to link a particular environment with pain relief. Even when the neural stimulation was removed, the mice continued to display pain relief, showing reduced pain-related behaviours.

The Role of Pain-Suppressing Neurons

This placebo effect was achieved without reactivating the pain-suppressing neurons, indicating a separate brain mechanism driving this response. Researchers discovered that the placebo effect also occurred, though weaker, when the mice were given morphine instead of neural stimulation.

Potential Implications for Human Treatment

Fabrizio Benedetti, a placebo expert from the University of Turin Medical School, believes this study supports the idea that placebos and drugs might share common mechanisms. While the placebo effect in humans involves complex factors like social interaction, these animal models could help deepen our understanding of pain management.

Dr. Benedict Alter of the University of Pittsburgh notes that, although there is a long way to go before this research applies to human patients, these findings hold significant potential for drug-free treatments.

For the latest tech news and reviews, follow Gadgets 360 on X, Facebook, WhatsApp, Threads and Google News. For the latest videos on gadgets and tech, subscribe to our YouTube channel. If you want to know everything about top influencers, follow our in-house Who’sThat360 on Instagram and YouTube.


Infant Mortality Rate and Decline of Bat Population Might Have a Strange Correlation, Study Claims



Amazon Electronics Festive Sale: Mobile Offers, Discounts on Laptops and Other Products

Continue Reading

Trending