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The US, Britain and the rest of the NATO alliance are expected to sharpen their language on the challenge posed by China, keep up pressure on Russia and for the first time make tackling the impact on security of climate change a key task.

President Joe Biden will touch down in Brussels on Sunday evening ahead of a summit on Monday of all 30 alliance leaders, including Boris Johnson, at NATO‘s giant, glass headquarters on the outskirts of the Belgian capital.

It comes ahead of Mr Biden’s first face-to-face meeting with Russia‘s Vladimir Putin in Switzerland on Wednesday and follows a three-day summit of the G7 in Cornwall – all designed to display democratic unity to the Kremlin.

Russia’s president told NBC News in an interview ahead of his meeting with Mr Biden that relations between Moscow and Washington were at their “lowest point”.

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Putin: Russia-US relations at ‘lowest point’

Speaking ahead of the NATO summit, its chief, Jens Stoltenberg, said it was a “pivotal moment” for the alliance.

“We are in an age of global competition and we must respond to many threats and challenges at the same time,” he said in a press conference on Friday. “We will also address the security impact of climate change, for the first time, making this an important task for NATO.”

The atmosphere at the summit is set to differ from the previous two gatherings in 2017 and 2019, when then-president Donald Trump stole the show.

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He upturned what is usually a carefully choreographed and planned piece of diplomatic theatre, berating allies as “delinquent” for failing to pay their fair share of the bill towards collective defence and instead overly-relying on the US military.

Mr Trump even threatened to pull the US out of NATO – a move that would have dealt a hammer blow to what is regarded by its members as the cornerstone of their security.

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2019: Trump warns NATO members to pay bills

All eyes this time will be on Mr Biden.

In a return to the language normally expected from US leaders, he is expected to affirm his country’s “unwavering commitment” to the alliance and to Article 5 of the NATO treaty, which requires all allies to come to the defence of any member state if attacked.

But allies remain under pressure, even without Mr Trump’s threats, to meet previous commitments to move towards spending at least 2% of national income on defence by 2024 – a pledge made at a NATO summit in Wales in 2014.

Failure to do so would send the wrong signal to the Biden administration and to NATO’s adversaries, a European source said.

NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg and Donald Trump at a summit in December 2019
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Donald Trump with NATO’s Jens Stoltenberg and (below) the UK’s Boris Johnson at the 2019 summit
HERTFORD, ENGLAND - DECEMBER 04: US President Donald Trump and British Prime Minister Boris Johnson onstage during the annual NATO heads of government summit on December 4, 2019 in Watford, England.

The summit on Monday will be relatively short, taking place just in the afternoon.

In terms of concrete outcomes, allies are expected to sign up to a communique which looks set to include a toughening of language about the challenge posed by China, according to three European sources.

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China was mentioned for the first time in a NATO leaders’ communique after the previous summit, hosted by the UK, in 2019 – when it was described as a challenge and an opportunity.

Eighteen months later, this language will remain balanced but is expected to give more of a sense of how Beijing, with its growing military power, poses a challenge to the world’s democracies.

Chinese President Xi Jinping (L) and Vice President Joe Biden raise their glasses in a toast during a luncheon at the State Department, in Washington, September 25, 2015. Xi's visit with President Barack Obama is expected to be clouded by differences over alleged Chinese cyber spying, Beijing's economic policies and territorial disputes in the South China Sea. REUTERS/Mike Theiler
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Chinese President Xi Jinping and then-vice president Joe Biden during a luncheon in Washington in 2015

The allies will still stress areas of co-operation, including climate change.

But there is concern particularly in the US about the threat posed by a rising China, with officials accusing the ruling Chinese Communist Party of human rights abuses and attempting to undermine international rules established since the Second World War.

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The Daily Climate Show G7 special

NATO allies will also finalise what is being called the NATO 2030 initiative – a plan to transform the alliance to meet emerging and future threats. It includes plans to better exploit emerging technologies, enhance cyber defences, and combat climate change.

The initiative was devised after Mr Trump and France‘s President Emmanuel Macron questioned the relevance of an alliance that was established at the start of the Cold War to tackle the then-Soviet Union.

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Democrat Cory Booker rails against Donald Trump and Elon Musk during marathon Senate speech lasting more than 17 hours

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Democrat Cory Booker rails against Donald Trump and Elon Musk during marathon Senate speech lasting more than 17 hours

A senior Democrat has taken to the Senate floor to speak against US President Donald Trump – with the 17-plus-hour speech still ongoing.

Cory Booker, a New Jersey senator, began speaking around 7pm (midnight in the UK) and said he intended to disrupt the “normal business of the United States Senate for as long as I am physically able”.

Referring to Mr Trump’s presidency, he said: “I rise tonight because I believe sincerely that our country is in crisis.”

As of 5pm in the UK, Mr Booker was still speaking, having spoken for more than 17 hours. He has remained standing for the entire duration, as he would lose control of the floor if he left his desk or sat down.

Read more: Who is the Democrat making a marathon speech against Trump?

As of 4pm, Cory Booker has held the Senate floor for more than 16 hours. Pic: Senate Television / AP
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As of 4pm, Cory Booker has held the Senate floor for more than 16 hours. Pic: Senate Television / AP

Other Democrat senators have joined Mr Booker to ask questions so he can rest his voice, including Senate minority leader Chuck Schumer.

At the start of his speech, Mr Booker said: “These are not normal times in our nation. And they should not be treated as such in the United States Senate.

“The threats to the American people and American democracy are grave and urgent, and we all must do more to stand against them.”

Overnight, he referenced Strom Thurmond of South Carolina, who filibustered for 24 hours and 18 minutes against the Civil Rights Act of 1957.

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Prosecutors directed to seek death penalty for Luigi Mangione

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“You think we got civil rights one day because Strom Thurmond – after filibustering for 24 hours – you think we got civil rights because he came to the floor one day and said ‘I’ve seen the light’,” he said.

“No, we got civil rights because people marched for it, sweat for it and [civil rights leader] John Lewis bled for it.”

Only Mr Thurmond and Republican Senator Ted Cruz – who spoke for 21 hours and 19 minutes against the Affordable Care Act in 2013 – have held the Senate floor for longer than Mr Booker.

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Luigi Mangione: What we know about man charged with murdering healthcare boss Brian Thompson

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Luigi Mangione: What we know about man charged with murdering healthcare boss Brian Thompson

Luigi Mangione could face the death penalty over the killing of UnitedHealthcare boss Brian Thompson.

The 26-year-old has pleaded not guilty to New York state charges of murder as an act of terrorism and weapons offenses.

New York does not have the death penalty for state charges, and so he could face life in prison without parole if convicted in that case.

But he also faces federal charges over Mr Thompson’s killing – and US attorney general Pamela Bondi has directed federal prosecutors to seek the death penalty.

Mangione has not yet been asked to enter a plea to the federal charges.

Here’s what we know about him.

Wealth, private school and Ivy League education

Mangione was born and raised in Maryland and has links to San Francisco and Hawaii.

His social media lists him as being from Towson, a well-to-do area to the north of the city of Baltimore.

He is the grandson of a wealthy property developer and philanthropist and the cousin of a current Maryland state legislator.

He attended Gilman School – a private all-boys school in Baltimore. The school’s annual fees are up to $37,690 (around £29,000) and it boasts alumni including NFL stars and former senators.

After graduating in 2016, Mangione went to the University of Pennsylvania, one of America’s elite Ivy League schools.

According to his social media, he studied computer science and launched a group named UPGRADE (UPenn Game Research and Development Environment).

A university spokesperson said he earned undergraduate and graduate degrees there.

He later co-founded his own computer game company, which focused on small, simplistic games.

Luigi Mangione Pic: LinkedIn
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Mangione went to a prestigious Ivy League university. Pic: LinkedIn

‘No complaints – a great guy’

According to his LinkedIn page, Mangione moved to California in 2020 and worked for the car-buying website TrueCar. The firm’s boss said he left last year.

Mangione currently lists himself as from Honolulu on LinkedIn, with pictures on Instagram showing him on the Hawaiian island.

In the first half of 2022, he reportedly lived at Surfbreak, a co-living space aimed at remote workers in Honolulu’s Waikiki neighbourhood.

“Luigi was just widely considered to be a great guy. There were no complaints,” Josiah Ryan, a spokesperson for Surfbreak’s owner, told the AP news agency.

“There was no sign that might point to these alleged crimes they’re saying he committed.”

Mr Ryan said Mangione left to get surgery on the US mainland for chronic back pain he suffered from since childhood.

Document reveals back condition

Mangione wrote about his health issue online, saying he has spondylolisthesis – a condition where one of the bones in the spine slips forwards.

Sky News’ Data and Forensics team obtained a 14-page document uploaded to his Google Drive account in 2021.

He details the severity of his “injury” as “low grade two” and goes into fitness goals, diet advice and notes about the condition.

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The suspect’s notes say he has back condition spondylolisthesis

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His X banner image shows a back X-ray

It’s unclear if the condition is linked to the motive, which police have not publicly identified, but it gives context about his health issues.

Analysis of his Goodreads profile also shows he read books including Crooked: Outwitting The Back Pain Industry and Getting On The Road To Recovery, and Why We Get Sick: The Hidden Epidemic At The Root Of Most Chronic Disease – And How To Fight It.

A banner image on his X account also features an X-ray of a lower back with screws.

Law enforcement officials told NBC News they are looking at whether the X-ray is Mangione’s or from a relative and whether it’s connected to the shooting.

‘Violence is necessary to survive’

Mangione appears to have had an active social media presence.

His X account regularly shared and reposted pieces about topics such as artificial intelligence (AI), philosophy, and the future of humanity.

His Goodreads account also gave a four-star review to Industrial Society And Its Future – by notorious US terrorist Theodore Kaczynski.

The piece, which rails against technological advancement, became known as the Unabomber Manifesto after its author began a mail bombing campaign which lasted nearly 20 years.

Three people were killed and dozens were injured before Kaczynski’s arrest in 1996.

The Goodreads review said: “When all other forms of communication fail, violence is necessary to survive. You may not like his methods, but to see things from his perspective, it’s not terrorism, it’s war and revolution.

“‘Violence never solved anything’ is a statement uttered by cowards and predators.”

Luigi Mangione. Pic: Facebook
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Luigi Mangione. Pic: Facebook

Why are some calling Mangione a ‘hero’?

A search of social media sites such as Reddit reveals a thread of people who are sympathetic to the suspect.

Highly rated comments on the site include: “Screw the McDonald’s employee that ratted him out” and “Only a matter of time till shirts with #FreeLuigi start popping up”.

To many, these are shocking comments about someone accused of carrying out a cold-blooded killing. But what’s behind them?

Many in the US pay thousands in expensive insurance premiums to cover themselves and their family, while others rely on the Medicare federal insurance programme.

Support for Mangione appears to come from resentment over this and accusations that companies go to great lengths to avoid paying for treatments in order to maximise their profits.

“He got charged with murder quicker than insurance companies deny claims”, said a comment on Reddit with nearly 7,000 likes.

One post that went viral on X before the suspect’s arrest was from Anthony Zenkus, a Columbia University professor.

He wrote: “We mourn the deaths of the 68,000 Americans who needlessly die each year so that insurance company execs like Brian Thompson can become multimillionaires.”

Read more from Sky News:
Shooting prompts US healthcare debate

The attacker was then filmed walking up slowly behind Mr Thompson and opening fire outside the Hilton hotel.
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Police shared this picture of the suspect following the shooting. Pic: NYPD


A chart shared widely on X claims to show denial rates by UnitedHealthcare exceed those of competitors, using data from consumer finance website ValuePenguin. This is consistent with publicly available data from 2023 analysed by Sky News.

Other people online appear to be angry about what they say is the disparity between the resources put into Mr Thompson’s case and how less well-off people are treated.

One comment on Reddit with 4,000 likes says: “The murdered guy in death, like in life, is still sucking up a huge undeserved and unwanted portion of resources.

“How many underprivileged people’s murders are going unsolved because NYPD and the feds are spending millions on this overpaid, rich, morally questionable millionaire’s murder.”

Arrested in McDonald’s with ‘ghost gun’

Mangione was detained in a Pennsylvania McDonald’s after a five-day search, carrying a gun that matched the one used in the shooting and a fake ID, police said.

He was arrested in Altoona, around 230 miles (370km) west of New York, after a tip-off from a McDonald’s employee who recognised him from the police appeals.

Mangione also had a fake New Jersey ID matching one used by the suspect to check into a hostel before the killing, said New York police commissioner Jessica Tisch.

He was found carrying a “handwritten document” that Ms Tisch said “spoke to both his motivation and mindset”.

Joseph Kenny, New York’s chief of detectives, said it appeared to show “some ill-will towards corporate America”.

Pennsylvania prosecutor Peter Weeks said Mangione was found with a passport and $10,000 (£7,840) – $2,000 of it in foreign currency.

‘Message’ on bullets

Brian Thompson, 50, was chief executive of UnitedHealthcare – the fourth-largest public company in the US behind Walmart, Amazon, and Apple – and was paid about $10m (£7.8m) a year.

It’s the largest provider of Medicare Advantage plans and manages insurance for employers and state and federally funded programmes.

Mr Thompson – who was married with two sons – was shot on 4 December as he was walking to a New York hotel where his company was holding an investors’ conference.

SN screengrab from CCTV showing murder of UnitedHealthcare chief executive Brian Thompson outside the New York Hilton Midtown on Sixth Avenue Pic: NYPD/Reuters
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CCTV showed a person shooting Mr Thompson from behind. Pic: NYPD/Reuters

As Mr Thompson walked towards the Hilton hotel on Sixth Avenue, a gunman appeared behind him from between parked cars.

He was shot in the back and calf and died from his injuries.

The words “defend”, “deny”, and “depose” were written on the cases of bullets found at the scene – similar to the title of a book that criticises health insurance companies.

Mr Thompson’s wife said he was an “incredibly loving father to our two sons” and a “loving, generous, talented man who truly lived life to the fullest”.

UnitedHealthcare called him a “highly respected colleague and friend to all who worked with him”.

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Who is Cory Booker? The Democrat making a marathon speech against Trump (and why it’s not a filibuster)

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Who is Cory Booker? The Democrat making a marathon speech against Trump (and why it's not a filibuster)

A Democratic senator is delivering a marathon speech in the US Senate in protest against Donald Trump.

Cory Booker, 55, took to the floor at 7pm local time on Monday (midnight in the UK), saying he would remain there as long as he was “physically able”.

As of 5pm in the UK, Mr Booker was still going – more than 17 hours after he started.

The senator for New Jersey said his goal is to “uplift the stories of Americans who are being harmed by the Trump administration’s reckless actions, attempts to undermine our institutions, and disregard for the rule of law”.

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During his speech, Mr Booker has only taken brief breaks from speaking, giving the floor instead to questions from his Democratic colleagues, according to Sky News’ US partner network, NBC News.

According to the rules of the Senate, as long as he stays at the podium Mr Booker will hold the floor – meaning he cannot leave at any point, even to go to the toilet or to eat.

So who exactly is the Democratic senator, and what is his multi-hour speech all about?

In this image provided by Senate Television, Sen, Cory Booker, D-N.J. speaks on the Senate floor, Tuesday morning, April 1, 2025. (Senate Television via AP)
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Mr Booker has criticised the Trump administration during his speech. Pic: Senate Television via AP

Rising star of Democratic Party

Mr Booker was born in Washington DC and moved to northern New Jersey when he was a boy.

He is a graduate of Stanford University and Yale Law and started his career as a lawyer for charities.

Entering politics, he was considered a rising star in the Democratic Party. He was elected to serve on the city council of New Jersey’s biggest state, Newark, and then as mayor, a position he held until 2013.

He was first elected to the US Senate in 2013 during a special election held after the death of politician and businessman Frank Lautenberg.

He went on to win his first full term in 2014 and was re-elected in 2020.

2020 presidential bid

In February 2019 Mr Booker launched his bid for the US presidency from the steps of his home in Newark.

At the time, he played on his personal ties to the “low-income, inner city community” and urged for the US to return to a “common sense of purpose”.

He later dropped out of the race after struggling to raise the money required to make a bid for the White House.

FILE - Sen. Cory Booker, D-N.J.,, speaks during a confirmation hearing before the Senate Judiciary Committee at the Capitol in Washington, Jan. 30, 2025...(AP Photo/Ben Curtis, File)
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Senator Cory Booker. Pic: AP

Why is he speaking in the Senate?

By holding the floor in the Senate, Mr Booker is protesting against the Trump administration.

Before he began, the senator said he had the intention of “getting in some good trouble”, NBC News reported.

He read letters from constituents about how Mr Trump’s cuts were already taking a toll on their lives.

The longest Senate speeches in history

As he reached 16 hours of speaking, Mr Booker already had the sixth-longest speech in Senate history.

However, he still has a while to go to beat the all-time record for the longest individual speech.

According to the Senate’s website, this belongs to Strom Thurmond of South Carolina, who filibustered for 24 hours and 18 minutes against the Civil Rights Act of 1957.

Only one other sitting senator has spoken for longer than Mr Booker.

In 2013, Senator Ted Cruz, a Republican from Texas, held the floor for 21 hours and 19 minutes to contest Barack Obama’s healthcare reform law.

As well as speaking about health law, Mr Cruz’s speech made headlines as he read the entirety of the Dr Seuss book Green Eggs And Ham, which he said at the time was a bedtime story to his children.

He claimed the US was giving up being a global leader, citing Mr Trump’s proposals to take over Greenland and Canada while feuding with longtime allies.

He also occasionally took aim at Elon Musk, the richest person in the world, who is advising Mr Trump and leading the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE).

“In just 71 days, the president of the United States has inflicted so much harm on Americans’ safety; financial stability; the core foundations of our democracy,” Mr Booker said on the floor.

“These are not normal times in America. And they should not be treated as such in the United States Senate.”

Appearing to waver slightly on Tuesday morning, Mr Booker was accompanied by Senator Chris Murphy. In 2016, Mr Booker joined the Connecticut Democrat when he held the floor for almost 15 hours to argue for gun control legislation.

Read more:
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Why he is not a filibuster

Some reports have referred to Mr Booker’s speech as a filibuster, but technically it is not.

A filibuster is a speech meant to halt the advance of a specific piece of legislation.

Mr Booker’s performance is instead a broader critique of Mr Trump’s agenda, meant to hold up any business scheduled to take place in the Senate and draw attention to what Democrats are doing to contest the president.

Democrats have been forced to use these types of opposition methods as they do not hold a majority in either congressional chamber.

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