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China is beating the U.S. when it comes to innovation in online money, posing challenges to the U.S. dollar’s status as the de facto monetary reserve. Nearly 80 countries — including China and the U.S. — are in the process of developing a CBDC, or Central Bank Digital Currency. It’s a form of money that’s regulated but exists entirely online. China has already launched its digital yuan to more than a million Chinese citizens, while the U.S. is still largely focused on research.

The two groups tasked with this research in the U.S., MIT’s Digital Currency Initiative and the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, are parsing out what a digital currency might look like for Americans. Privacy is a major concern, so researchers and analysts are observing China’s digital yuan rollout.

“I think that if there is a digital dollar, privacy is going to be a very, very important part of that,” said Neha Narula, director of the Digital Currency Initiative at the MIT Media Lab. “The United States is pretty different than China.”

Another concern is access. According to the Pew Research Center, 7% of Americans say they don’t use the internet. For Black Americans, that rises to 9%, and for Americans over the age of 65, that rises to 25%. Americans with a disability are about three times as likely as those without a disability to say they never go online. That is part of what MIT is researching.

“Most of the work that we’re doing assumes that CBDC will coexist with physical cash and that users will still be able to use physical cash if they want to,” Narula said.

The idea of a CBDC in the U.S. is aimed, in part, at making sure the dollar stays the monetary leader in the world economy.

“The United States should not rest on its current leadership in this area. It should push ahead and develop a clear strategy for how to remain very strong and take advantage of the strength of the dollar,” said Darrell Duffie, professor of finance at Stanford University’s Graduate School of Business.

Others see the digital yuan as insidious.

“The digital yuan is the largest threat to the West that we’ve faced in the last 30, 40 years. It allows China to get their claws into everyone in the West and allows them to export their digital authoritarianism,” said Kyle Bass of Hayman Capital Management.

Watch CNBC’s deep dive video into CDBCs to learn more.

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Andreessen Horowitz raises $7.2 billion, a sign that tech startup market may be bouncing back

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Andreessen Horowitz raises .2 billion, a sign that tech startup market may be bouncing back

Marc Andreessen and Ben Horowitz

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Andreessen Horowitz said Tuesday that it raised $7.2 billion across five different funds, a sign of optimism in the tech startup world, which has seen a dearth of significant exits over the past two years.

“This marks an important milestone for us,” Ben Horowitz, who co-founded the firm with Marc Andreessen in 2009, wrote in a blog post.

The biggest chunk of new funding is in Andreessen Horowitz’s growth fund, which reeled in $3.75 billion. That money gets invested in later-stage companies that are viewed as closer to going public, or capital-intensive businesses that require big checks.

Horowitz said in the post that $1.25 billion will be dedicated to infrastructure, which includes artificial intelligence investments, while $1 billion will go to app investments, $600 million to games and another $600 million to what the firm calls American Dynamism, or “founders and companies that support the national interest.” That includes aerospace, defense, education and housing.

The firm had initially aimed to raise $6.9 billion from investors for a new set of funds, including two with an AI focus, Bloomberg previously reported. AI investing has been red hot in Silicon Valley and beyond, while the broader market has been in a downturn.

Since 2021, when tech IPOs and startup investing surged to a record, venture investors have closed their wallets. Soaring inflation and rising interest rates in 2022 pushed investors out of risky assets and forced cash-burning startups to dramatically cut costs. Even with the stock market recovering, venture deals have remained depressed.

Deal volume for U.S. venture investments in the first quarter sank to its lowest level since 2017, according to data published earlier this month by PitchBook. The story was similar across the globe, with worldwide volume reaching its lowest since 2016 and total deal value falling to a level not seen since 2019.

Meanwhile, there have been very few tech IPOs since the end of 2021. Reddit and Astera Labs went public in the first quarter, the first venture-backed tech companies to debut since September. They accounted for 73.4% of total exit value in the U.S. in the period, according to PitchBook.

Horowitz made no reference to the market slowdown in his post. Nor did he suggest that any new funding will be dedicated to cryptocurrencies, an area where Andreessen Horowitz was particularly bullish during the crypto craze that lifted bitcoin to a record in 2021. The firm raised a $4.5 billion crypto fund in 2022, bringing its total amount raised for crypto and blockchain investments to $7.6 billion.

Andreessen Horowitz remains on track to raise more money for its crypto fund and a separate biotechnology fund, a person familiar with the matter told Bloomberg. The firm didn’t immediately respond to a request for comment.

One of Andreessen Horowitz’s more notable bets of the past couple years involved WeWork’s controversial co-founder Adam Neumann and his new startup called Flow. Andreessen Horowitz wrote a $350 million check to the company, which was just getting started and has yet to make inroads in the residential real estate market.

Andreessen Horowitz said in a blog post at the time that Neumann’s efforts to redesign the office experience at WeWork are “often under appreciated” and that the firm loves “seeing repeat-founders build on past successes by growing from lessons learned.”

WATCH: Adam Neumann deserves second shot, CEO says

Adam Neumann deserves a 'second shot', says RSE Ventures CEO

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Microsoft invests $1.5 billion in AI firm G42 which faces U.S. scrutiny for China ties

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Microsoft invests .5 billion in AI firm G42 which faces U.S. scrutiny for China ties

Microsoft President and Chief Legal Officer Brad Smith speaks during the annual Microsoft shareholders meeting in Bellevue, Washington on November 29, 2017.

JASON REDMOND | AFP | Getty Images

Microsoft will invest $1.5 billion into G42, an artificial intelligence firm based in the United Arab Emirates, as the U.S. giant looks to strengthen its position in the technology amid fast-rising competition.

Microsoft President Brad Smith will join the board of directors of G42. The investment expands an existing partnership between the two firms, with Microsoft now taking a minority stake.

G42 will run its AI applications and services on the Microsoft Azure cloud service, as well as deploy Microsoft’s cloud offerings.

G42 runs data centers and sells AI applications. The company has developed an Arabic large language model called Jais, which will be offered via Azure.

G42 China ties in focus

The deal itself is highly unusual. The commercial partnership is “backed by assurances to the U.S. and UAE governments through a first-of- its-kind binding agreement to apply world-class best practices to ensure the secure, trusted, and responsible development and deployment of AI,” according to Microsoft.

The U.S. and UAE governments appeared to be heavily involved in the deal.

“Both companies will move forward with a commitment to comply with U.S. and international trade, security, responsible AI, and business integrity laws and regulations,” Microsoft said.

“The work on these topics is governed by a detailed Intergovernmental Assurance Agreement between G42 and Microsoft that was developed in close consultation with both the UAE and U.S. governments.”

G42 Chairman Sheikh Tahnoon bin Zayed Al Nahya is also the national security advisor of the UAE.

The government’s involvement comes after months of scrutiny on G42 for its links to China. In January, House Rep. Mike Gallagher, R-Wi., chairman of the U.S. Select Committee on the Chinese Communist Party, called on the Commerce Department to “closely examine” G42 to see whether it should be included on a trade export blacklist.

Gallagher alleges that G42 maintains relationship with blacklisted Chinese firms, such as Huawei, and that it works with China’s military and intelligence services.

In January, G42 “categorically” denied the allegations.

“In the field of advanced technologies, we have pursued a commercial strategy since 2022 to fully align with our U.S. partners and not to engage with Chinese companies,” the company said at the time.

G42 itself has reportedly invested in Chinese firms, including TikTok owner ByteDance.

UAE tech boost

The Microsoft-G42 deal will give a big boost to the UAE, which has been trying to establish itself as a key technology hub in the Middle East, especially in areas such as artificial intelligence and cryptocurrency.

In February, OpenAI CEO Sam Altman said the UAE could serve as the world’s “regulatory sandbox” to test AI, in what appeared to be praise for the country’s rules around the technology.

Microsoft and G42 on Tuesday said they will set up a $1 billion fund for developers in the UAE and broader region to help support the development of skilled AI workforce.

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Baidu says its ChatGPT-like Ernie bot exceeds 200 million users

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Baidu says its ChatGPT-like Ernie bot exceeds 200 million users

Men interact with a Baidu AI robot near the company logo at its headquarters in Beijing, China April 23, 2021.

Florence Lo | Reuters

SHENZHEN — Baidu CEO Robin Li said Tuesday the company’s ChatGPT-like Ernie bot has exceeded 200 million users.

He added the company would hold another round of its AI development competition, and offer a prize of 50 million yuan ($7 million).

Li, who is also co-founder and chairman of Baidu, was delivering an opening speech titled “Everyone is a Developer” at Baidu’s AI Create conference. About 5,000 people were in attendance at the event, according to the company.

Li demonstrated three development tools—AgentBuilder, AppBuilder, and ModelBuilder. The tools create and integrate AI-powered chatbots with Baidu web search, or allow users to create applications without any coding knowledge, according to the company.

China's tech giants announce their plans for ChatGPT rivals

Baidu released its ChatGPT-like chatbot Ernie bot more than a year ago, and received the green light from Beijing for public use in August.

The chatbot is based on Baidu’s large language model Ernie. Smartphone companies Samsung and Honor have integrated Ernie’s AI capabilities with certain mobile devices.

As of December, about 26,000 businesses were actively accessing Ernie’s capabilities on a monthly basis, according to Baidu. Ernie was handling more than 50 million queries every day, the company claimed.

“In 2024, we expect AI revenues contribution to become more meaningful, while our core business will remain resilient,” Li said during a late February earnings call, according to a FactSet transcript.

Baidu is set to release first-quarter results on May 16.

The global rush to develop AI capabilities, especially tapping the tech’s ability to generate content, has led to a surge in demand for Nvidia’s graphics processing units. Those chips are critical for providing the computing power needed to run and train AI large language models.

U.S. export controls, announced in the last two years, have restricted China’s access to such high-end semiconductors.

Li said in February that Baidu’s AI chip reserve “enables us to continue enhancing Ernie for the next one or two years.”

Earlier this month, Alibaba Chairman Joe Tsai said in an interview with Norges Bank Investment Management that he estimated that China was about two years behind the U.S. in terms of AI development.

Can China's ChatGPT clones give it an edge over the U.S. in an A.I. arms race?

Many analysts expect Chinese companies will be able to find an AI edge on the application front.

China’s AI market — consisting mostly of hardware, followed by software and services — is set to exceed $26 billion in size by 2026, up from just under $15 billion last year, according to Barclays estimates.

The analysts estimate China’s spending on “digital transformation” will grow by 19.2% between 2023 and 2026, outpacing a projected worldwide increase of 15.6%.

— CNBC’s Michael Bloom contributed to this report.

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