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Artificial intelligence (AI) systems are being developed nowadays to infer people’s intentions and reactions by studying their facial expressions. But a new study says that such conjectures by AI cannot be very reliable. A recent study analysed photos of actors to examine the relation between facial expressions and human emotions. They found that people could use similar expressions to portray different emotions. Whereas, the same emotion could be expressed in different ways. The research also found that much of the inference depended on context. So, to judge people’s inner thoughts simply by analysing their facial expressions through an algorithm can be a flawed method.

Researchers marked 13 emotion categories under which they analysed facial expressions from 604 photographs of professional actors. The actors were given emotion-evoking scenarios to which they would have to react. However, the descriptions did not suggest in any way what to feel about these scenarios.

The study was published in Nature Communications. The 13 categories were made through the judgement of 839 volunteers and the Facial Action Coding System that relates certain action units to certain movements of facial muscles. Machine learning (ML) analyses revealed to researchers that actors portrayed the same emotion categories by contorting their faces in different ways. At the same time, similar expressions did not always reveal the same emotions.

The study was run in two groups. In one, 842 people marked roughly 30 faces each under the 13 emotion categories. In the second group, 845 people rated roughly 30 face-and-scenario pairs each. The results from the two groups differed in most cases. This led to the conclusion that analysing facial expressions out of context can lead to misleading judgements. Therefore, the context was important to know the emotional intentions of a person.

“Our research directly counters the traditional emotional AI approach,” Lisa Feldman Barrett, professor of psychology at Northeastern University College of Science and one of the seven researchers behind the study, said.

The researchers also wrote that these findings “join other recent summaries of the empirical evidence to suggest that scowls, smiles, and other facial configurations belong to a larger, more variable repertoire of the meaningful ways in which people move their faces to express emotion.”

A few months ago, a researcher sought regulations on AI tools being pushed in schools and workplaces to interpret human emotions. Kate Crawford, academic-researcher and the author of the book “The Atlas of AI,”, said that that “unverified systems” were “used to interpret inner states,” and added that such technology needs to be regulated for better policy-making and public trust.


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Ancient Praise for Pharaoh Ramesses II Found on Paris Obelisk, Egyptologist Claims

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Ancient Praise for Pharaoh Ramesses II Found on Paris Obelisk, Egyptologist Claims

An Egyptologist claims that he has accidentally found a series of secret hieroglyphic inscriptions on an iconic 3300-year-old Egyptian obelisk in Paris. This inscriptions are claimed to be meant for Egypt’s nobility, and they are likely propaganda praising the famous pharaoh Ramesses II to be ordained by the divine entities. Apparently, the pharaoh himself commissioned this obelisk at the beginning of his rule, and it originally stood outside of the Luxor temple in upper Egypt alongside another similar obelisk. Both monuments were later gifted to France by Pasha Muhammed Ali, the sultan of the Ottoman Empire.a series of secret hieroglyphic inscriptions on an iconic 3300-year-old Egyptian obelisk in Paris.

Discovery of the hidden inscription

According to a comment published by Sciences et Avenir from Jean-Guillaume Olette-Pelletier, the Egyptologist from the Institut Catholique de Paris, the hieroglyphs indicated the entrance to the Luxor Temple portico. He discovered that there was no literature discussing the different scenes, so he studied the images from afar. He eventually discovered that the obelisk contained hieroglyphic cryptographies or hidden messages. These encrypted texts were often secret texts inserted into hieroglyphs or hidden in 3D carvings. Only the elite could decipher these hidden messages.

The hidden messages on the “Seine side” of the obelisk could only be read at a 45° angle. Olette-Pelletier discovered that the hidden messages were intended to be seen by nobles arriving by boat at the temple of Luxor during the annual Opet festival, celebrating the return of the life forces of the god Amun.

Further studies and criticism

According to Olette-Pelletier, he has discovered other concealed messages on the obelisk. He pointed out, for example, that there are two rows of hieroglyphs that, depending on how they are read, might convey several meanings, such as stating that Ramesses II had endless life or writing out his whole royal name.

The findings are set to be published in the journal Égypte Nilotique et Méditerranéenne. However, scholars who were not involved in the research have urged caution in interpreting the findings, as they will not be able to review them in depth until the study is published. Egyptology professor Filip Taterka told Live Science that the inscriptions and imagery near the top of the obelisk would not have been visible to a noble person traveling by boat on the Nile.

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NASA’s New Space Telescope Starts Mapping to Reveal Universe’s Deep Mysteries



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NASA’s New Space Telescope Starts Mapping to Reveal Universe’s Deep Mysteries

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NASA’s New Space Telescope Starts Mapping to Reveal Universe’s Deep Mysteries

NASA’s SPHEREx space observatory has started capturing 3,600 distinct images every day as it maps the cosmos. Beginning with its launch on March 11, it will make more than 11,000 orbits over two years, circling Earth 14 and half times a day. The mission will produce four all-sky maps in two years, revealing clues into cosmic inflation and the expansion of the universe. The observatory will also map the entire sky in 102 infrared wavelengths of light, providing information about cosmic sources.

SPHEREx Telescope Exceeds Early Goals, Begins Mapping Universe in 3D Infrared Detail

As per a NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory report, SPHEREx is already meeting performance expectations, rotating its orientation through reaction wheels rather than traditional thrusters. The telescope captures six different images, catching light in several infrared wavelengths with every exposure. Shawn Domagal-Goldman, acting head of NASA’s astrophysics division, underlined how the mission supports upcoming projects such as the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope. SPHEREx’s spinning view of the sky also allows it to cover the entire sky every six months and therefore conduct four complete surveys over its two-year lifetime.

SPHEREx will employ spectroscopy to measure the distance between galaxies, creating a 3D cosmic map and revealing how water on Earth came to be and the role interstellar clouds played in the creation of the chemicals necessary for life. It is aimed at more than nine million measurements of the Milky Way, revealing the influence of the environment on cosmic chemistry. As per mission principal investigator Jamie Bock, some team members have worked for over a decade toward this milestone, and the mission could exceed its original scientific goals.

NASA’s SPHEREx observations could show signs of cosmic inflation, which powered the expansion of the universe after the Big Bang. These tendencies could expose the structure and history of the universe as well as those of stars and galaxies. Headed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) of NASA at Caltech in the USA, SPHEREx is under a worldwide cooperation agreement comprising South Korea and Taiwan. Data analysis investigates the universe downward, closer.

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Soviet Venus Probe Cosmos 482 Expected to Reenter Earth After 52 Years in Orbit

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Soviet Venus Probe Cosmos 482 Expected to Reenter Earth After 52 Years in Orbit

An Soviet Union lander is heading back into Earth’s atmosphere after 52 years staying in the orbit. Soviet Union’s Cosmos 482 was launched on March 31, 1972 and was supposed to land on Venus under the U.S.S.R.’s Venera programme. However, due to a certain malfunction, it could not leave Earth’s orbit and kept rotating around for 52 years. Its body was split into two halves; the main one crashed back to Earth, and the other section, the lander, got trapped in the Earth’s orbit.

Lander Returns to Earth

According to study, the lander is re-entering the Earth’s atmosphere and is expected to come back between May 8 to May 14. The most probable date is May 11, calculated based on the orbital data provided by satellite expert Marco Langbroek. This crash landing could occur anywhere between 52 degrees north and south of the equator, roughly from Quebec to Patagonia. According to NASA, the lander weighs around 1100 pounds, the weight of a car.

What Does it Look Like

This lander was designed to survive the way through the atmosphere of Venus, so there might be a possibility that it can survive the reentry into Earth’s atmosphere and remain intact with possibly no impact. However, the risks are not too high, but still not negligible, said Langbroek while speaking to Live Science.

Ralf Vandebergh, the advanced astrographer, used a camera attached to the telescope for tracking the orbiting satellites. Some images reveal that it might be the released parachute of the Cosmos 482, however, there is still no certainty, as it is surprising if the parachute will still work after so many years.

Cosmos 482 as Sister Probe to Venera 8

Cosmos 482 was built after Venera 8 as a sister probe. However, Venera 8 became the second craft to land on the hot surface of Venus during the same year, 1972. It beamed data from Venus for 50 minutes before getting burned by the scorching heat of Venus.

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