The UK, Australia and the United States have agreed a “landmark” partnership to boost their defences and share nuclear submarine secrets at a time of growing concern over China.
The initiative will focus initially on helping the Australian navy procure a multi-billion-pound fleet of nuclear-powered submarines – a move that Beijing will likely see as aggressive.
But London, Canberra and Washington said they will also seek to collaborate in cyber, quantum technologies and artificial intelligence as well as other underwater capabilities – areas in which western democracies are frantically racing their authoritarian rivals to dominate.
In a joint statement, Boris Johnson, Joe Biden of the United States and Australia’s Scott Morrison said: “The endeavour we launch today will help sustain peace and stability in the Indo-Pacific region.
“For more than 70 years, Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States, have worked together, along with other important allies and partners, to protect our shared values and promote security and prosperity. Today, with the formation of AUKUS, we recommit ourselves to this vision.”
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The PM said the three nations were “natural allies” and “while we may be separated geographically, our interests and values are shared”.
He added: “The AUKUS alliance will bring us closer than ever, creating a new defence partnership and driving jobs and prosperity.
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“This partnership will become increasingly vital for defending our interests in the Indo-Pacific region and, by extension, protecting our people back at home.”
The word “China” was not mentioned in the statement, nor in an accompanying press release but the predominant security and defence challenge facing the world’s democracies is the rise of an increasingly assertive, authoritarian Beijing.
Commenting on the new venture, Mr Johnson said: “This partnership will become increasingly vital for defending our interests in the Indo-Pacific region and, by extension, protecting our people back at home.”
The submarine collaboration is the most immediate area of work.
The US and UK navies already cooperate very closely with their nuclear-powered submarine fleets – one of the most secret, complex and sensitive areas of defence.
Sharing their knowledge with Australia is understood to be viewed as the most significant collaboration on capabilities in decades.
Nuclear-powered submarines are superior to their diesel-powered, conventional counterparts as they can operate more quietly and stay underwater for longer – pivotal traits for a submarine that wants to have the advantage over its target.
They use nuclear power to run. The boats Australia is seeking to procure will not be nuclear armed as Australia, unlike the UK and the US, is a non-nuclear weapons state.
The three allies said their collaboration on nuclear technology would be in line with all nuclear-related treaties.
How exactly the collaboration will work, what it will cost, how many boats will be built, where and which companies will be involved is set to become clearer over the next 18 months.
The leaders, in their joint statement, said: “We will leverage expertise from the United States and the United Kingdom, building on the two countries’ submarine programmes to bring an Australian capability into service at the earliest achievable date.”
No date was set for when the first submarine will come into service, however.
The announcement appears to signal the end of a previous plan by Canberra to replace its current submarine fleet with more diesel-powered boats in a deal announced in 2017 with a French company called Naval Group.
Australia, in need of help to procure its own nuclear-powered fleet, is thought to have approached the UK and the US first about the idea of working more closely together in March of this year.
The nations are already three members of the so-called Five Eyes intelligence-sharing alliance.
But the AUKUS partnership seeks to strengthen even further the bond. It may at some point see other like-minded countries join.
Ukraine has launched a new offensive in Russia’s Kursk region, according to the Kremlin.
The attack looks to be an effort to seize new territory after Ukrainian troops swept across the border in a shock offensive in the same region in August, claiming control of almost 500 sq miles (around 1,300 sq km) and taking hundreds of prisoners of war.
The Kremlin has since taken back a chunk of its own land but struggled to fully expel the invading troops, even deploying thousands of North Korean soldiers in recent weeks.
In a statement, the Russian defence ministry said Ukraine launched the attack on Sunday morning with an assault group consisting of two tanks, a mine clearing vehicle, and twelve armoured combat vehicles with paratroops.
“Artillery and aviation of the North group of [Russian] forces defeated the assault group of the Ukrainian Armed Forces,” it added, claiming two Ukrainian attacks had been repelled.
In a Telegram update, Andriy Kovalenko, head of Ukraine’s Centre for Countering Disinformation, said: “The Defence Forces are actively working. The situation in the Kursk region seems to be causing significant concern among the Russians, as they were unexpectedly attacked on several fronts.”
Andriy Yermak, head of Ukraine’s Presidential Office, said: “Kursk region, good news: Russia is getting what it deserves.”
Reports from Russia’s influential war bloggers, who support Moscow’s war in Ukraine but have often reported critically on failings and setbacks, suggested that the latest Ukrainian assault had put Russian forces on the defensive.
“Despite strong pressure from the enemy, our units are heroically holding the line,” the Operativnye Svodki (Operational Reports) channel said.
It said artillery and small-arms battles were taking place, and Ukraine was using Western-armoured vehicles to bring in large numbers of infantry.
The defence ministry and bloggers said fighting was concentrated just north of a highway that runs from Sudzha, near the border, to Kursk, the regional capital.
One prominent blogger, Yuri Podolyak, said this was most likely a Ukrainian distraction manoeuvre, possibly to prepare a strike on Glushkovo, further west, and he urged civilians there and in another town, Korenevo, to evacuate.
The offensive follows months of setbacks for Ukraine. Since the surprise incursion into Russia in August, the military has been beset by low morale and manpower amid a barrage of Russian attacks.
The conservative president, seemingly frustrated that his policies were being blocked, declared martial law and ordered troops to surround South Korea‘s National Assembly on 3 December.
The Assembly unanimously overturned the declaration in a matter of hours and impeached Mr Yoon, accusing him of rebellion, on 14 December.
At the same time, anti-corruption authorities and public prosecutors opened separate investigations into the events.
Last Tuesday, a Seoul court issued warrants for Mr Yoon’s detention and for his home to be searched – but enforcing them while he remains inside the residence is complicated.
Ahead of the warrants expiring at midnight on Monday (3pm GMT) thousands of anti-Yoon protesters rallied near the gates of the presidential residence on Sunday, while pro-Yoon groups gathered in a nearby street. They were separated by police barricades.
Some of the demonstrators had gathered overnight, when temperatures fell below -5°C amid a heavy snow warning.
Speaking on stage at the anti-Yoon rally, activist Kim Eun-jeong said: “The presidential security service continues to hide a criminal.”
Nearby, Mr Yoon’s supporters held placards with messages including “We will fight for President Yoon Suk Yeol” and “Stop the Steal” – a phrase popularised by Donald Trump supporters after his 2020 election loss.
At the residence itself, security staff were seen installing barbed wire, possibly in preparation to fend off another arrest attempt.
The president’s lawyers have claimed the arrest warrant is unconstitutional because the CIO, which is leading the criminal investigation, has no authority to investigate insurrection allegations.
Mr Yoon’s defence minister, police chief and several top military commanders have so far been arrested for their roles in the martial law controversy.
Hamas has released a video of a 19-year-old Israeli hostage amid a renewed push for a ceasefire in Gaza.
In an undated recording, Liri Albag – one of five female soldiers kidnappedin Hamas’s October 7 attack – speaks under duress and shares her anguish at having been held for 450 days.
Speaking in Hebrew, she calls for the Israeli government to secure her release and says: “Today is the beginning of a new year; the whole world is celebrating. Only we are entering a dark year, a year of loneliness.”
Ms Albag – who has turned 19 while being held hostage – adds that a fellow, unnamed captive has been injured. “We are living in an extremely terrifying nightmare,” she says.
The teenager’s family said the video has “torn our hearts to pieces”.
“This is not the daughter and sister we know. Her severe psychological distress is evident,” they said in a statement shared by the Hostages and Missing Families Forum.
The family has not given permission for the video of Ms Albag to be shared publicly but they have authorised the release of two photos.
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Ms Albag’s loved ones are calling on the Israeli government and world leaders to use the current ceasefire talks to bring all remaining hostages back alive.
“It’s time to make decisions as if your own children were there,” they said.
The office for Israel‘s prime minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, said he has spoken Ms Albag’s parents and told them efforts to bring hostages home are “ongoing, including at this very moment”.
“Anyone who dares to harm our hostages will bear full responsibility for their actions,” he said.
Israel’s subsequent military offensive in Gaza has killed at least 45,805 Palestinians, according to the territory’s Hamas-run health ministry.
It said 88 people have been killed in the past 24 hours. At least 17 were killed in airstrikes on homes in Gaza City on Saturday.
Several children were among those who died, medics said.
Hamas’s video of Ms Albag, and Israel’s airstrikes, come amid a fresh push for an agreement to end the conflict in Gaza.
Israeli representatives arrived in Doha, Qatar, on Friday to resume indirect ceasefire talks brokered by Qatari and Egyptian mediators.
Hamas has said it is committed to reaching an agreement, but it is unclear how close the two sides are.
Joe Biden, whose US presidency comes to an end in just over a fortnight’s time, has urged Hamas to agree a deal – while president-elect Donald Trump has said there will “be hell to pay” in Gaza if the hostages are not released before his inauguration on 20 January.