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The UK, Australia and the United States have agreed a “landmark” partnership to boost their defences and share nuclear submarine secrets at a time of growing concern over China.

The initiative will focus initially on helping the Australian navy procure a multi-billion-pound fleet of nuclear-powered submarines – a move that Beijing will likely see as aggressive.

But London, Canberra and Washington said they will also seek to collaborate in cyber, quantum technologies and artificial intelligence as well as other underwater capabilities – areas in which western democracies are frantically racing their authoritarian rivals to dominate.

Boris Johnson and Scott Morrison in the garden of 10 Downing Street in June
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Boris Johnson and Scott Morrison in the garden of 10 Downing Street in June

In a joint statement, Boris Johnson, Joe Biden of the United States and Australia’s Scott Morrison said: “The endeavour we launch today will help sustain peace and stability in the Indo-Pacific region.

“For more than 70 years, Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States, have worked together, along with other important allies and partners, to protect our shared values and promote security and prosperity. Today, with the formation of AUKUS, we recommit ourselves to this vision.”

The PM said the three nations were “natural allies” and “while we may be separated geographically, our interests and values are shared”.

He added: “The AUKUS alliance will bring us closer than ever, creating a new defence partnership and driving jobs and prosperity.

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“This partnership will become increasingly vital for defending our interests in the Indo-Pacific region and, by extension, protecting our people back at home.”

The word “China” was not mentioned in the statement, nor in an accompanying press release but the predominant security and defence challenge facing the world’s democracies is the rise of an increasingly assertive, authoritarian Beijing.

Boris Johnson and Joe Biden have agreed the partnership with Australian prime minister Scott Morrison
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Boris Johnson and Joe Biden have agreed the partnership with Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison

Commenting on the new venture, Mr Johnson said: “This partnership will become increasingly vital for defending our interests in the Indo-Pacific region and, by extension, protecting our people back at home.”

The submarine collaboration is the most immediate area of work.

The US and UK navies already cooperate very closely with their nuclear-powered submarine fleets – one of the most secret, complex and sensitive areas of defence.

Sharing their knowledge with Australia is understood to be viewed as the most significant collaboration on capabilities in decades.

Nuclear-powered submarines are superior to their diesel-powered, conventional counterparts as they can operate more quietly and stay underwater for longer – pivotal traits for a submarine that wants to have the advantage over its target.

They use nuclear power to run. The boats Australia is seeking to procure will not be nuclear armed as Australia, unlike the UK and the US, is a non-nuclear weapons state.

The three allies said their collaboration on nuclear technology would be in line with all nuclear-related treaties.

How exactly the collaboration will work, what it will cost, how many boats will be built, where and which companies will be involved is set to become clearer over the next 18 months.

The leaders, in their joint statement, said: “We will leverage expertise from the United States and the United Kingdom, building on the two countries’ submarine programmes to bring an Australian capability into service at the earliest achievable date.”

No date was set for when the first submarine will come into service, however.

The partnership will help Australia procure nuclear-powered submarines
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The partnership will help Australia procure nuclear-powered submarines

The announcement appears to signal the end of a previous plan by Canberra to replace its current submarine fleet with more diesel-powered boats in a deal announced in 2017 with a French company called Naval Group.

Australia, in need of help to procure its own nuclear-powered fleet, is thought to have approached the UK and the US first about the idea of working more closely together in March of this year.

The nations are already three members of the so-called Five Eyes intelligence-sharing alliance.

But the AUKUS partnership seeks to strengthen even further the bond. It may at some point see other like-minded countries join.

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Hotspots: The reality of life on the frontline of journalism

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Hotspots: The reality of life on the frontline of journalism

👉 Listen to Sky News Daily on your podcast app 👈

From being shot at in Syria to navigating the gang-controlled streets of Haiti, a new YouTube series is shining a light on some of Sky’s most hard-hitting journalism.

Hotspots takes you behind the scenes in hostile environments around the world to deliver the story behind the story.

Our correspondents Stuart Ramsay and Alex Crawford join Niall Paterson to discuss their important work and where they’d like to go next.

You can watch Hotspots on YouTube here – subscribe so you don’t miss an episode.

Producers: Tom Gillespie and Emily Hulme
Editor: Mike Bovill

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More than 1,100 confirmed dead and 800 missing in catastrophic Asia floods

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More than 1,100 confirmed dead and 800 missing in catastrophic Asia floods

Rescue and recovery and efforts are under way in parts of South and Southeast Asia where the number of those killed in devastating floods continues to rise.

The extreme weather last week has killed at least 366 people in Sri Lanka, 604 in Indonesia, and 176 in Thailand, according to authorities.

Rescuers are searching for 464 missing people in Indonesia, and a further 367 in Sri Lanka, after a cyclone and other storms triggered flooding and landslides in the region.

In a post on X, the King and Queen Camilla said they were “deeply saddened” to hear about devastating storms and added their “heartfelt condolences” to the families of those who have died.

Landslides in Sarasavigama village near Kandy, Sri Lanka. Pic: AP
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Landslides in Sarasavigama village near Kandy, Sri Lanka. Pic: AP

A man wades through the flooded street, following heavy rainfall in Wellampitiya, Sri Lanka. Pic: Reuters
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A man wades through the flooded street, following heavy rainfall in Wellampitiya, Sri Lanka. Pic: Reuters

A man uses a makeshift raft at a flooded area, following Cyclone Ditwah in Kelaniya, Sri Lanka. Pic: Reuters
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A man uses a makeshift raft at a flooded area, following Cyclone Ditwah in Kelaniya, Sri Lanka. Pic: Reuters

Hundreds of thousands in shelters in Sri Lanka

Sri Lankan authorities said about 218,000 people were in temporary shelters after downpours that triggered landslides, primarily in the tea-growing central hill country.

People were seen salvaging belongings from flooded homes along the banks of the Kelani River, near the capital Colombo on Monday.

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Meanwhile, train and flight services have resumed after being disrupted last week, but schools stayed closed, officials said.

Cyclone Ditwah was the “largest and most challenging” natural disaster in Sri Lanka’s history, President Anura Kumara Dissanayake said.

A landslide survivor crosses a section of a damaged road in Sarasavigama village near Kandy, Sri Lanka. Pic: AP
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A landslide survivor crosses a section of a damaged road in Sarasavigama village near Kandy, Sri Lanka. Pic: AP

Landslide survivors salvage belongings at the site of a landslide in Sarasavigama village near Kandy, Sri Lanka. Pic: AP
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Landslide survivors salvage belongings at the site of a landslide in Sarasavigama village near Kandy, Sri Lanka. Pic: AP

A man uses his scarf to protect himself from the rain in the aftermath of Cyclone Ditwah, in Chennai, India. Pic: Reuters
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A man uses his scarf to protect himself from the rain in the aftermath of Cyclone Ditwah, in Chennai, India. Pic: Reuters

The cyclone also brought heavy rain to India’s southern state of Tamil Nadu over the weekend, with authorities saying three people were killed in rain-related incidents.

The storm, which as of 5pm UK time on Monday was about 50km (30 miles) off the coast of the state capital Chennai, has weakened into a “deep depression” and is expected to weaken further in the next few hours, weather officials said.

Amount of rainfall expected in South and Southeast Asia in the next 48 hours
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Amount of rainfall expected in South and Southeast Asia in the next 48 hours

Over a million affected in Indonesia

More than 28,000 homes have been damaged in Indonesia, with 1.4 million people affected according to the country’s disaster management centre.

The country’s president, Prabowo Subianto, called it a catastrophe and pledged to rebuild infrastructure as he visited the three affected provinces on Monday, where nearly 300,000 people have been displaced by the flooding.

Rescuers search for flood victims in Tanah Datar, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Pic: AP
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Rescuers search for flood victims in Tanah Datar, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Pic: AP

A flooded field in Indonesia's West Sumatra province. Pic: Reuters
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A flooded field in Indonesia’s West Sumatra province. Pic: Reuters

Rescuers search for victims at a village affected by flash flooding, in Agam, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Pic: AP
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Rescuers search for victims at a village affected by flash flooding, in Agam, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Pic: AP

‘Nothing remains’

“The water just rose up into the house and we were afraid, so we fled. Then we came back on Friday, and the house was gone, destroyed,” said Afrianti, 41, who only goes by one name and lives in West Sumatra’s Padang city.

She and her family of nine have made their own tent shelter beside the single wall that remains of their home.

“My home and business are gone, the shop is gone. Nothing remains. I can only live near this one remaining wall,” she said.

Highest one-day rainfall in Thai city for 300 years

In Thailand, flooding in eight southern provinces affected about three million people and led to a major mobilisation of its military to evacuate critical patients from hospitals and reach people stuck in floodwaters for days.

In the worst-affected city of Hat Yai, a southern trading hub, 335mm (13 inches) of rain fell on 21 November, its highest single-day tally in 300 years, followed by days of unrelenting downpours.

At least 82 people have died and more than three million people have been impacted by floods in 12 southern Thai provinces.
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At least 82 people have died and more than three million people have been impacted by floods in 12 southern Thai provinces.

People move a car damaged by floods in Songkhla province, southern Thailand. Pic: AP
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People move a car damaged by floods in Songkhla province, southern Thailand. Pic: AP

King offers ‘heartfelt condolences’

King Charles and Queen Camilla responded to the crisis in a statement posted on X and praised the work of emergency responders: “We wish to express our heartfelt condolences to the families of those who have so tragically lost their lives.

“Our thoughts and prayers are with the many whose homes have been destroyed and to all who are awaiting news of loved ones missing.

“These disasters remind us of the increasingly urgent need to restore the balance and harmony of Nature.”

Thailand’s Prime Minister Anutin Charnivirakul expects residents to be able to return home within seven days, a government spokesperson said on Monday.

Read more from Sky News:
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Dignitas founder dies by assisted suicide

The first batch of compensation payments is set to be distributed on Monday, starting with 239m baht (£5.6m) for 26,000 people, the spokesperson added.

In Malaysia there have been at least three deaths and authorities are still on alert for a second and third wave of flooding as 11,600 remain in evacuation centres.

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Dignitas founder dies by assisted suicide aged 92

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Dignitas founder dies by assisted suicide aged 92

The founder of Dignitas, the Switzerland-based assisted suicide clinic, has died aged 92, according to the organisation.

Ludwig Minelli, lawyer and former journalist, died on 29 November shortly before his 93rd birthday.

Mr Minelli lived a life “for freedom of choice, self-determination, and human rights”, said Dignitas in a tribute.

He founded the organisation in 1998 with “a group of like-minded people”.

“At that time, he and his fellow compatriots would never have thought that this association was about to become an internationally active organisation,” said the tribute.

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‘He died like he lived, with dignity’

It described Mr Minelli’s belief that trying to “talk someone out of suicide is not a suitable prevention method”.

“Rather, the approach should be taking a person in a seemingly hopeless situation seriously, meeting them at eye level, and showing them all possible options to alleviate their suffering.”

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Those options should include “the possibility of ending their own life with professional support, safely and in a self-determined way in a setting that he or she personally deems dignified”, it said, adding that a very small number of people who approach Dignitas end up choosing assisted suicide.

“It is up to the individual to decide which option to choose,” said the tribute.

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For and against assisted dying

The Dignitas team said Mr Minelli had “planned succession for a seamless transition” and the organisation would continue its “professional and combative” work.

Read more:
What does assisted dying look like?

Assisted dying poses ‘substantial task’ for NHS

Although Switzerland has allowed assisted dying since 1942 – provided the motive is not “selfish” – Dignitas became well-known as it allows non-Swiss people to use its clinics.

Despite assisted suicide still being illegal in the UK, people from Great Britain make up the second largest group of Dignitas members, according to the group’s statistics.

Last year, 37 people travelled from Great Britain to die at a Swiss Dignitas clinic.

Those who accompany their loved ones to the clinics can be charged with assisted suicide, although earlier this year, police said a widow who accompanied her husband wouldn’t face charges.

“Whilst [the CPS] concluded the evidential test had been met regarding assisted suicide, it was decided not to be in the public interest to prosecute,” said North Yorkshire Police in a statement at the time.

Anyone feeling emotionally distressed or suicidal can call Samaritans for help on 116 123 or email jo@samaritans.org in the UK. In the US, call the Samaritans branch in your area or 1 (800) 273-TALK.

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