A Senate panel plans to bring tech executives back to Capitol Hill following a revealing report from The Wall Street Journal about the impact of Facebook’s Instagram platform on teens’ mental health.
Sen. Marsha Blackburn, R-Tenn., ranking member of the Senate Commerce subcommittee on consumer protection, announced the hearing in an interview on CNBC’s “Closing Bell.” Blackburn said the hearing would take place in a couple weeks and would include representatives from Facebook, TikTok, Twitter, Snap and Google-owned YouTube.
A spokesperson for Blackburn said a hearing date and the specific attendees from the companies have not yet been confirmed.
The Journal’s report, which the outlet said was based on internal documents from Facebook, revealed that the company had been aware of significant negative impacts of its photo-sharing Instagram app on teenage girls. At a March hearing, CEO Mark Zuckerberg testified in response to a question about children and mental health, that research he’s seen shows that “using social apps to connect with other people can have positive mental-health benefits.”
While the research cited in the Journal’s report did not show entirely negative effects, it seemed to cut against Facebook’s narrative about mental health. That angered several lawmakers across parties and chambers of Congress, some of whom called for Facebook to abandon plans to create a child-focused Instagram product.
“What we know is a lot of this anecdotal information that we had from parents, teachers, pediatricians about the harms of social media to children, that Facebook was aware of this,” Blackburn said. “They chose not to make this public.”
Blackburn said her staff met Friday with a whistleblower who has worked for Facebook, and who had access to documents on which the Journal reported.
Although both the House and the Senate have hauled tech CEOs to Congress several times over the past couple years, Blackburn said she expects this hearing to stand out because of its bipartisan nature. She said she is working with the subcommittee’s chair, Sen. Richard Blumenthal, D-Conn., on the effort and the two will look at rules around how social media is able to market to children, as well as statutes meant to protect them online, like the Children’s Online Privacy Protection (COPPA) Rule.
Representatives for Blumenthal did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
“We are determined to do something in a bipartisan way that is going to protect our children in the virtual space, that will allow them to be able to use the internet, do Zoom school if they need to, do research, but to be protected and to have their privacy protected when they are online,” Blackburn said.
A Facebook spokesperson declined to comment on Blackburn’s remarks and pointed to an earlier blog post in response to the Journal’s reporting.
“We’re exploring ways to prompt [users] to look at different topics if they’re repeatedly looking at this type of content,” Karina Newton, Instagram’s head of public policy, wrote in the blog post. “We’re cautiously optimistic that these nudges will help point people towards content that inspires and uplifts them, and to a larger extent, will shift the part of Instagram’s culture that focuses on how people look.”
Spokespeople for Twitter and Snap declined to comment on the hearing. Representatives from the other companies Blackburn said would be invited did not immediately respond to requests for comment.
Traders work on the floor at the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) in New York City, U.S., Nov. 26, 2025.
Brendan McDermid | Reuters
The U.S. stock market was closed Thursday stateside for Thanksgiving Day and will reopen on Friday until 1 p.m. ET.
With approximately just 3 hours of trading left for the month, major U.S. indexes are looking to end November in the red, based on CNBC calculations.
As of Wednesday’s close, the S&P 500 was down 0.4% month to date, the Dow Jones Industrial Average 0.29% lower during the same period and the Nasdaq Composite retreating 2.15%, vastly underperforming its siblings as technology stocks stumbled in November.
Unless there’s a huge jump in stocks during the shortened trading session on Friday stateside — which might not be an unequivocally positive move since it would raise more questions about the market’s sustainability — that means the indexes are on track to snap their winning streaks. The S&P 500 and Dow Jones Industrial Average have risen in the past six months, and the Nasdaq Composite seven.
It will also mark a divergence from the historical norm. The S&P 500 has advanced an average of 1.8% in November since 1950, according to the Stock Trader’s Almanac. And in the year following a U.S. presidential election, it typically rises 1.6%.
But it’s not been a typical post-presidential election year. It’s hard to see the market, in the coming months, or even years, moving according to any historical trajectory.
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And finally…
An operator works at the data centre of French company OVHcloud in Roubaix, northern France on April 3, 2025.
It’s unlikely that Europe will lead in building facilities for AI hyperscalers or for the training of AI — that race is considered all but won — but the general consensus is that it could excel in smaller, cloud-focused and connectivity-style facilities.
Europe has “a lot of constraints, but, actually, the more difficult something is to replicate, the more long-term value what you’ve got has,” said Seb Dooley, senior fund manager at Principal Asset Management.
A key rotation away from artificial intelligence stocks may be underway in the market.
According to Astoria Portfolio Advisors’ John Davi, a broader range of stocks are getting a “green light” because liquidity is returning to the system.
“The Fed cut rates four times last year. They cut rates twice already. They’re going to go again whether its December [or] January,” the firm’s CEO and chief investment officer told CNBC’s “ETF Edge” this week. “Historically whenever the Fed cuts interest rates, usually that’s a turn of a new cycle. Market leadership does tend to change quietly.”
He lists the latest performance in areas ranging from emerging markets to industrials. The iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF, which tracks the group, is up 17% over the past six months as of Wednesday’s close. The Industrial Select Sector SPDR Fund is up 9% over the same period.
“I think they can be a good offset to what’s an expensive large cap tech position, which dominates most portfolios,” he added. “We’re living in a structurally higher inflation world. The Fed is cutting rates like, why do you want to take so much risk in just seven stocks?” and
Sophia Massie, CEO of ETF-issuer LionShares, is also wary of going all-in on the AI trade.
“I think analysts have an idea of how much value AI will add to our economy. I don’t think we really understand how that’s going to play out between different companies yet,” Massie said in the same interview. “So, I have this sense that right now, we’re pricing in this probability that… one company may be the one that dominates, dominates AI and ends up being a big player in the future.”
When ChatGPT launched in 2022, Google was caught flatfooted, but the launch of Gemini 3 and the Ironwood AI chip this month has experts raving about Alphabet’s AI comeback.
Google kicked off November by unveiling Ironwood, the seventh generation of its tensor processing units, or TPUs, that the company says lets customers “run and scale the largest, most data-intensive models in existence.” And last week, Google launched Gemini 3, its latest artificial intelligence model, saying it requires “less prompting” and provides smarter answers than its predecessors.
Salesforce CEO Marc Benioff captured the excitement around Gemini 3 with a Sunday post on X, saying that despite using OpenAI’s ChatGPT daily for three years, he wasn’t going back after two hours of using Gemini 3.
“The leap is insane,” wrote Benioff, whose company has partnerships with Google, OpenAI and other frontier AI model providers. “Everything is sharper and faster. It feels like the world just changed, again.”
Most tech stocks were down to start the week, except for one: Alphabet.
Shares of the Google parent surged more than 5% on Monday, adding to last week’s gain of more than 8%. Warren Buffett’s Berkshire Hathaway revealed earlier this month that it owns a $4.3 billion stake in Alphabet as of the end of the third quarter.
Alphabet shares are up nearly 70% this year and have outperformed Meta’s by more than 50 percentage points this year, and last week, Alphabet’s market cap surpassed Microsoft’s.
All of this came despite Nvidia reporting stronger-than-expect revenue and guidance in its third-quarter earnings last week.
“You may be asking why almost all of the AI stocks we cover are selling off after such good news from Nvidia,” Melius Research analyst Ben Reitzes wrote in a note Monday, referring to Nvidia’s positive third quarter earnings last week. “There is one real reason for worry and it is the ‘AI comeback’ of Alphabet.”
But while Google appears to have regained the edge, its lead over rivals remains razor thin in the gruelingly competitive AI market, experts said.
Sundar Pichai, chief executive officer of Alphabet Inc., during the Bloomberg Tech conference in San Francisco, California, US, on Wednesday, June 4, 2025.
David Paul Morris | Bloomberg | Getty Images
Putting the pieces together
With Gemini 3 and Ironwood, Google CEO Sundar Pichai appears to have finally put the pieces together for the company’s AI offerings, said Michael Nathanson, co-founder of equity research firm Moffett Nathanson. Google is serving a broad range of customers from consumers to enterprise, something the company initially struggled to do after the arrival of ChatGPT.
“Three years ago, they were seen as kind of lost and there were all these hot takes saying they lost their way and Sundar is a failure,” Nathanson said. “Now, they have a huge leg up.”
The company had a number of AI product mishaps in its initial attempts to catch up with OpenAI. In 2024 alone, Google had to pull its image generation product Imagen 2 for several months after users discovered a number of historical inaccuracies. The launch of AI Overviews caused a similar reaction when users discovered it gave faulty advice, which the company later remedied with additional guardrails.
“There was a lot of fumbling, and they were scrambling,” said Gil Luria, managing director at technology research firm DA Davidson. “But they had the tech in the pantry, and it was just a matter of getting it all together and shipped.”
Of particular note is how quickly Google launched Gemini 3 after the spring release of Gemini 2.5, which was already considered an impressive model. The hyper-realistic image generation features of Nano Banana is another notch in Google’s belt. After the company initially launched the image generation tool, Gemini shot to the top of the Apple App Store in September, dethroning ChatGPT.
And after the launch of Gemini 3, Google released Nano Banana Pro last week.
Google’s ownership of YouTube and all the content on the video platform gives the company an edge when it comes to training models for image and video generation.
“The amount of video and current data that Google has, that’s really a huge competitive advantage,” said Mike Gualtieri, vice president and principal analyst for Forrester Research. “I don’t see how OpenAI and Anthropic can overcome that.”
Additionally, Google has successfully incorporated its AI models into its enterprise products, driving sales for the company’s cloud unit. In its third quarter earnings results last month, Google reached its first $100 billion quarter, boosted by its cloud growth. The company’s cloud unit, which houses its AI services, showed solid growth and a $155 billion backlog from customers.
And it’s not just the AI models. Google is also garnering attention with its AI chips.
Google says Ironwood is nearly 30 times more power efficient than its first TPU from 2018. Google’s ASIC chips are emerging as the company’s secret weapon in the AI wars and have helped it notch recent deals worth billions with customers such as Anthropic.
After a reportsaid that Meta could strike a deal with Google to use its TPUs for the social media company’s data centers, Nvidia saw its stock drop 3% on Tuesday, prompting the chipmaker to post a response on social media.
With the rise of Google’s TPUs, Nvidia may no longer have the AI chips market cornered.
“The advantage of having the whole stack is you can optimize your model to work specifically well on a TPU chip and you’re building everything to a more optimally designed,” said Luria.
The company’s ability to serve AI enterprise customers with its TPUs and Google Cloud offerings as well as its incorporation of Gemini 3 throughout its consumer products is driving Wall Street’s enthusiasm.
Experts who spoke with CNBC said the competitive landscape is broader than just one AI winner, but they added that it’s become increasingly expensive for multiple companies to prove success.
Tight competition
Despite these wins, Google is still in fierce competition with other AI companies, experts said.
“Having the state of the art model for a few days doesn’t mean they’ve won to the extent that the stock market is implying,” Luria said, pointing to Anthropic’s new Opus 4.5 model launched Monday.
Earlier this month, OpenAI also announced two updates to its GPT-5 model to make it “warmer by default and more conversational” as well as “more efficient and easier to understand in everyday use,” the company said.
“The frontier models still seem to be neck and neck in some ways,” Forrester Research’s Gualtieri said.
The competitive edge will likely go to the companies willing to spend more money given the expenses of the AI race, experts said. In their earnings reports last month, Alphabet, Meta, Microsoft and Amazon each lifted their guidance for capital expenditures. They collectively expect that number to reach more than $380 billion this year.
“These companies are spending a lot of money assuming there’s gonna be a winner take all when in reality we may end up with frontier models being a commodity and several will be interchangeable,” Luria said.
For Google, maintaining a lead in AI won’t be without challenges.
Company executives told employees earlier this month that Google has to double its serving capacity every six month to meet demand for AI services and run its frontier models, CNBC reported last week.
“The competition in AI infrastructure is the most critical and also the most expensive part of the AI race,” Google Cloud Vice President Amin Vahdat told employees.
Although Google’s in-house TPUs have gotten increased attention as viable alternatives to Nvidia’s Blackwell chips, Nvidia still holds more than 90% of the AI chip market.
In its post on Tuesday, Nvidia pointed out that its chips are more flexible and powerful than ASIC chips, like Google’s Ironwood, which are typically designed for a single company or function.
And despite getting Salesforce’s Benioff to switch to Gemini, Google also has a lot of catching up to do with its consumer chat product, experts said, citing hallucinations and lower user numbers than OpenAI’s.
The Gemini app has 650 million monthly active users and AI Overviews has 2 billion monthly users, Google said last month. OpenAI, by comparison, said in August that ChatGPT hit 700 million users per week.
“Yes, Google has got its act together,” Luria said. “But that doesn’t mean they’ve won.”