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Brazil’s president should face homicide charges over errors that led to an estimated 95,000 COVID-19 deaths, a draft of a major inquiry report has found.

With more than 600,000 deaths, only the US has lost more people to coronavirus than Brazil and the president has been widely criticised for openly objecting to lockdowns, regularly refusing to wear a mask in public and stating he has not been vaccinated.

And now, the senator leading a congressional probe into his handling of the pandemic has recommended Mr Bolsonaro be charged with homicide.

There have been a number of protests calling for the impeachment of Jair Bolsonaro as a result of his handling of the COVID crisis in Brazil. Pic: AP
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There have been a number of protests calling for the impeachment of Jair Bolsonaro as a result of his handling of the COVID crisis in Brazil. Pic: AP

A 1,200-page document, prepared over six months by opposition senator Renan Calheiros for a Senate commission that conducted the probe, alleges that Mr Bolsonaro failed to take the opportunity to acquire vaccines, when they were presented, leading to the deaths of thousands.

It says he was guided “by an unfounded belief in the theory of herd immunity by natural infection” and is “principally responsible for the government’s errors committed during the COVID-19 pandemic”.

The president has been repeatedly criticised for pushing unproven remedies for the illness such as antimalaria drug hydroxychloroquine, which has been dismissed by scientists as ineffective.

The report, in its final form, is expected to presented to the committee on Wednesday with a vote taking place next week.

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If approved, it will be sent to the country’s chief prosecutor, who was appointed by Mr Bolsonaro, who will decide whether the president should be criminally charged.

But even if it then goes no further, analysts say the high-profile discussion about it could hurt the president in the upcoming election.

Mr Bolsonaro claims the probe is politically motivated and has denied responsibility for any deaths.

On Wednesday morning, the number of criminal charges the report recommends be brought against Mr Bolsonaro appeared to have been reduced to 11 from 13.

The charges include homicide, genocide, charlatanism and inciting crime.

Three of the seven opposition senators on the 11-person committee are understood to be opposed to including the homicide and genocide charges, AP reported.

The three were trying to persuade the four other opposition senators to join them in opposing the two charges, according to five of the senators AP spoke to anonymously.

The senate committee was formed in April to investigate allegations Mr Bolsonaro’s management of the pandemic caused a substantial proportion of Brazil’s deaths.

Brazilian congressional committees can investigate, but don’t have the power to indict.

There have been a number of protests calling for the impeachment of Jair Bolsonaro as a result of his handling of the COVID crisis in Brazil. Pic: AP
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There have been a number of protests calling for the impeachment of Jair Bolsonaro as a result of his handling of the COVID crisis in Brazil. Pic: AP

The allegations are expected to be used by opponents of the far-right leader, whose approval ratings have slumped ahead of his 2022 re-election campaign, despite his still sizable internal support base.

The biggest row has been over Senator Calheiros’ determination to recommend that Mr Bolsonaro should be investigated by the International Criminal Court for possible genocide of indigenous peoples, as a substantial proportion of those who died were from the Amazon region.

But the committee members who oppose this, including critics of the government, say genocide is an exaggeration that could threaten the entire report’s credibility.

Political analyst Carlos Melo, from Insper University in Sao Paulo, said: “The prosecutor-general’s office will look with a magnifying glass for errors, failures and inconsistencies in order to wash their hands of it.

“If you have 10 accusations that are very strong, and one that has inconsistencies, that’s what the government will latch on to, to try and discredit the whole report.”

Senators on the committee have also been wary of calling for charges against members of Mr Bolsonaro’s family, who are named in the report, and the military.

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Mark Carney’s Liberal Party wins Canada election, according to Canadian broadcasters

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Mark Carney's Liberal Party wins Canada election, according to Canadian broadcasters

Mark Carney’s Liberal Party has won the election in Canada, according to Canadian broadcasters, but it is too soon to say whether they will form a majority government.

Mr Carney, who took over as prime minister after Justin Trudeau stepped down earlier this year, has beaten the leader of the Conservative Party Pierre Poilievre, according to CBC and CTV News projections.

However, it is too soon to say whether the Liberals will form a majority government, they added. The party has not yet secured the 172 electoral districts it needs for a majority.

FILE PHOTO: Conservative Party of Canada leader Pierre Poilievre speaks at an election campaign event in Brampton, Ontario, Canada April 9, 2025. REUTERS/Carlos Osorio/File Photo
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Conservative leader Pierre Poilievre. Pic: Reuters

The election initially appeared to be a clear-cut race for the opposition Conservatives, who were enjoying a double-digit lead over the Liberals before Mr Trudeau resigned, and an intervention by Donald Trump led to a surge in support for Mr Carney’s party.

Mr Trump has repeatedly called for Canada to become the 51st US state since he was elected president for a second time and has imposed sweeping tariffs on Canada.

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Trump on why he wants Canada to be 51st state

Mr Carney has vowed to take a tougher approach with Washington over its tariffs and has said Canada will need to spend billions to reduce its reliance on the US.

Liberal supporters react after Canadian broadcasters project their party has retained power. Pic: Reuters
Liberal supporters react after Canadian broadcasters project their party has retained power. Pic: Reuters
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Liberal supporters celebrate after Canadian broadcasters project their party has retained power. Pics: Reuters

If Mr Carney’s party only captures a minority of the House’s 343 seats, he will be forced to negotiate with other parties in order to stay in power.

Such minority governments rarely last longer than two-and-a-half years in Canada.

Canadians went to the polls after 11 people were killed in a deadly attack at a Vancouver street fair over the weekend that led to the suspension of campaigning for several hours.

Police have ruled out terrorism and said the suspect is a local man with a history of mental health issues.

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Mr Carney previously ran Canada’s central bank and later became the first non-Briton to become governor of the Bank of England.

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Power returning in Spain and Portugal after large parts hit by blackout – but what caused it?

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Power returning in Spain and Portugal after large parts hit by blackout - but what caused it?

Power supplies have been returning in Spain and Portugal after large parts, including the capitals Madrid and Lisbon, were hit by a huge outage on Monday.

Millions of people were caught up in the chaos after the mass blackout brought many areas to a standstill, with trains stopping, planes grounded, internet and mobile phone services cut, traffic lights and ATMs down, and some routine hospital operations suspended.

Spain‘s interior ministry declared a national emergency and the two countries’ governments convened emergency cabinet meetings as officials tried to find out what caused the outage which started around 12.30pm (11.30am UK time).

A police car passes as vehicles wait in a traffic jam on the other side of the road in Madrid. Pic: Reuters
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A police car passes as vehicles wait in a traffic jam on the other side of the road in Madrid. Pic: Reuters

People gather outside Barcelona-Sants train station during a power outage. Pic: Reuters
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People gather outside Barcelona-Sants train station during a power outage. Pic: Reuters

Blackouts in Spain and Portugal: Follow latest updates

About half the electricity supplies in Spain have now been restored by the grid operator, Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez said on Monday evening, adding the rest should be back by Tuesday.

In a televised address, Mr Sanchez said authorities have not yet worked out what had caused the blackout in the Iberian Peninsula and were not ruling anything out.

He asked the public to refrain from speculation, and urged people to call emergency services only if really necessary.

Eduardo Prieto, the head of operations at Spanish power grid operator Red Electrica, said the event was unprecedented, calling it “exceptional and extraordinary”.

Meanwhile, Portugal‘s Prime Minister Luis Montenegro said power in his country would be fully restored in the coming hours.

He said all the state services remained operating in the country despite all the difficulties. He also said there was “no indication” a cyberattack was the cause.

Read more: Analysis – How electricity grids fail

A cook from "La Cocinona" home-made take out food restaurant works in a dark kitchen with the aid of phone's flashlight during a power outage in Madrid, Spain, April 28, 2025. REUTERS/Susana Vera
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A chef in Madrid works in a dark kitchen with the aid of his phone’s flashlight. Pic: Reuters

Fans are seen after the matches were suspended due to a power outage.
Pic: Reuters
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Fans are seen after Madrid Open matches were suspended due to a power outage. Pic: Reuters

‘Rare atmospheric phenomenon’

Portugal’s grid operator Ren claimed the outage was caused by a fault in the Spanish electricity grid, related to a “rare atmospheric phenomenon”.

Ren says that, due to extreme temperature variations in Spain, there were “anomalous oscillations” in very high-voltage lines.

It also says that given the complexity of the issue, it could take up to a week for the network to fully normalise again.

map of Portugal and Spain power outages

It comes as France briefly lost power following the outages in Spain and Portugal, French grid operator RTE said.

Parts of Madrid underground were evacuated and traffic lights in the city were not working, according to local media.

Play was suspended at the Madrid Open tennis tournament due to the outage – with Britain’s Jacob Fearnley forced off court in a critical moment during his third-round tie with Grigor Dimitrov.

The loss of power affected scoreboards and the camera above the court. Organisers later announced the tournament would not be able to resume on Monday, with afternoon and evening sessions cancelled.

What has been affected by the blackout?

Here’s what we know has been impacted so far:

:: Transport, including trains, metros and airports – with traffic lights also down.

:: Internet and mobile coverage.

:: Lighting in homes, businesses and other buildings, though backup generators are in place in many.

:: ATMs and card payments, as well as most till systems.

:: Lifts in buildings are stuck.

:: Electric car chargers and fuel pumps are also down.

:: Air conditioning units.

:: A significant quantity of water pumps, meaning some homes have no access to drinking water.

Airports affected

Aena, which runs international airports across Spain, said earlier that “some incidents were occurring” at the airports due to the outage.

The company added in a statement: “Contingency generators are active. Please check with your airline, as there may be disruptions to access and ground transportation.”

People ‘had nowhere to go’

Maddie Sephton, who is from west London, was on the Madrid Metro when the power outage occurred.

“We got on the train and everything was fine,” she told Sky News. “But then everything went dark.”

She was stuck on the train for 20 minutes until a staff member opened the doors manually.

A metro worker passes underneath barricade tape, to enter Legazpi Metro station, after the metro was closed during a power outage, in Madrid, Spain, April 28, 2025. REUTERS/Susana Vera
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A metro worker passes underneath barricade tape to enter Legazpi Metro station after the outage. Pic: Reuters

A view shows a transmission tower during a power outage, near Barcelona, Spain.
Pic: Reuters
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A view shows a transmission tower during a power outage near Barcelona in Spain. Pic: Reuters

Mrs Sephton says she was on her way to the airport at the time – and had to exit the station by walking up 15 flights of stairs with her luggage.

“No lifts are operating – making it difficult for elderly people with limited mobility,” she added.

Above ground, she said that “everyone is just standing around and waiting”.

A medical staffer relocates a patient during a nationwide power outage in Pamplona, northern Spain, Monday, April 28, 2025. (AP Photo/Miguel Oses)
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Medical staff relocate a patient in Pamplona, Pic: AP

Bars were unable to take card payments, cash machines are down, and traffic lights weren’t working either.

“I currently don’t have any internet service and just €15 in my wallet – I can’t withdraw any money from the ATM,” she added.

“A couple have offered to let us get a ride in their taxi to the airport. Their flight is at 4.30pm so they’re pretty relaxed – but my flight back to London is at 3pm and I’m nervous.”

Mrs Sephton said: “People are just walking but have nowhere to go, and nothing to do.”

Traffic lights have stopped working following a power outage in downtown Lisbon, Portugal.
Pic: AP
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Traffic lights have stopped working following a power outage in downtown Lisbon, Portugal. Pic: AP

People try to board a crowded bus after the subway stopped running following a power outage in Lisbon, Portugal.
Pic: AP
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People try to board a crowded bus after the subway stopped running following a power outage in Lisbon, Portugal. Pic: AP

Meanwhile, thousands of passengers had to be evacuated after the blackout left the metro service in Barcelona without power.

The blackout was also reported to have forced the closure of the city’s tram system and rendered some traffic lights there inoperable.

It has also impacted medical facilities, with hospitals in Madrid and Catalonia forced to suspend routine medical work. Staff have been able to attend to critical patients using power from backup generators.

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It comes as Metrovalencia, the urban rail system, encompassing both metro and tram services in Valencia, said traffic in the city was “disrupted” due to a “general power outage in the city”.

The outage also hit the Portuguese capital Lisbon and surrounding areas, as well as northern and southern parts of the country.

Portugal’s government said the incident appeared to stem from problems outside the country, an official told national news agency Lusa.

“It looks like it was a problem with the distribution network, apparently in Spain. It’s still being ascertained,” Cabinet Minister Leitão Amaro was quoted as saying.

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How electricity grids fail – and why restoring Spain and Portugal’s power will be a nightmare

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How electricity grids fail - and why restoring Spain and Portugal's power will be a nightmare

We rarely think about how essential and reliable electricity grids are until they fail.

Now, millions of people across Spain, Portugal and parts of France are likely thinking of little else.

While local power cuts are fairly common, what’s happened across the Iberian peninsula is something far more extreme.

Much of Spain and Portugal’s electricity transmission system collapsed in seconds including in major cities Lisbon, Madrid, Barcelona and Seville.

Blackouts latest: ‘Rare atmospheric phenomenon’ behind outages

It’s likely the outage will surpass Europe’s largest blackout to date when 56 million people in Italy and Switzerland lost power for up to 12 hours in 2023.

The cause of the outage is unclear. Portugal’s grid operator has blamed a “rare atmospheric phenomenon” that caused “anomalous oscillations” in high voltage power lines in Spain.

More from Science, Climate & Tech

Spain’s grid operator has yet to respond to that or provide an update on the cause. But it’s unlikely whatever caused the outage was a single, localised event.

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Mayhem in Spain after major power outage

A major power line going down can cause a large outage – as it did in 2021, when an interconnector between France and Spain failed leaving a million people without power for a few hours.

But it’s unlikely to cause a system-wide failure of the kind we’re seeing now.

However, when things do start to fail on a power grid, they can cascade uncontrollably.

Keeping a grid running is a constant and highly complex balancing act.

People wait outside a terminal at Lisbon Airport during a power outage which hit large parts of Portugal, in Lisbon, Portugal, April 28, 2025. REUTERS/Pedro Nunes
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People outside a terminal at Lisbon Airport during the blackout. Pic: Reuters

Spain’s mains AC electricity supply grid, like ours in the UK, runs at 50Hz. That frequency is based on the speed at which generating hardware such as gas and nuclear turbines spin.

If there are sudden fluctuations in power supply or demand – a power station failing or a high voltage power line going down, for example – the frequency of AC power in the transmission lines changes and circuit breakers trip to protect either the transmission network, or power plant hardware from burning out.

To prevent such failures, grid engineers constantly measure and forecast supply and demand to keep the grid balanced.

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To protect the system in emergencies, they occasionally have to “shed load” by cutting power to parts of the grid – the reason we’ve all experienced the occasional short-lived power cut.

But if balance is lost, a grid can fail in a domino effect with sections of the grid tripping, then power plants shutting down to protect themselves from the drop in demand, one after another.

The challenge now, and it’s a nightmare for Spain and Portugal’s power engineers, is to gradually restore the grid section by section while maintaining the balance of supply and demand.

Act too fast, and the grid can trip again. Take too long and some power plants or substations might struggle to restart – especially if they rely on battery power to do so.

While some regions of Spain have already had power restored, and Portugal says its power will be back to normal within hours, it could take much longer for the system to be fully restored.

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