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A new and more infectious version of the Delta variant now accounts for 15% of coronavirus cases in the UK, according to the latest government data.

AY.4.2 is an evolutionary spin-off of the original Delta variant first found in India.

The UK Health and Security Agency (UKHSA) designated it a ‘variant under investigation’ on 20 October.

Data shows it made up 14.7% of sequenced cases in the week ending 6 November and is continuing to grow.

But as AY.4.2 starts to take over, Sky News looks at how the new variant could affect people’s COVID immunity in the run-up to Christmas.

What do we know about AY.4.2?

AY.4.2 is a sub-lineage of the Delta variant.

More on Covid-19

There are currently nine versions of Delta present in the UK.

But government experts have classified AY.4.2 as a ‘variant under investigation’ because it has accounted for a “slowly increasing proportion of cases in the UK” since September.

Imperial College London’s REACT-1 study suggested it could be up to 10% more infectious than Delta, first found in Kent in late 2020. Delta was around 60% more transmissible than Alpha.

Scientists are not sure why it appears to spread more easily.

But the latest UKHSA data suggests vaccines are just as effective against it as they are against Delta – and it could carry a slightly lesser risk of hospitalisation.

The REACT-1 study of 100,000 people between 19 and 5 November also showed only a third of people with AY.4.2 had the classic COVID symptoms of a cough, fever, loss or change in taste and smell – compared to 46% who had the original Delta variant.

Authors of the study said people with the new variant were less likely to show any other symptoms as well.

If I’ve had COVID recently, does a new variant mean I could get it again?

Both vaccines and natural infection offer varying levels of immunity from getting reinfected with COVID-19.

Previous studies have shown getting COVID gives people around 80% protection from getting reinfected within five months.

But there is not yet enough data on AY.4.2 to know how long natural immunity from the new variant might last.

This means that if you have been recently infected with AY.4.2 it is not clear whether you are largely protected from contracting the original Delta variant within the following months.

But if the vaccines are just as effective against it, catching it naturally could offer similar levels of protection, Dr Raghib Ali, of the University of Cambridge’s epidemiology unit, tells Sky News.

“We don’t have reinfection data yet,” he says.

“But what we do have is data that shows no real difference in vaccine effectiveness between AY.4.2 and Delta.

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“Getting a vaccine induces an immune response that is based on the spike protein.

“And when you get infected naturally you also produce an immune response – so there shouldn’t be much difference.”

But he claims this only applies to people who have been vaccinated with two or three doses.

“In general, if you’ve been infected with Delta and you’ve had both vaccines, you should have good protection from AY.4.2 and vice versa,” he says.

A Harvard study has also showed that people who have had a combination of vaccines and natural infection have “substantially higher antibody responses” than people who have only been vaccinated.

“They have very good levels of protection,” Dr Ali adds.

“Because each time you are exposed to the vaccine or the virus, you develop an immune response.”

‘It’s not a hard shield’

Although most people develop some level of immunity from getting the virus naturally, it is not guaranteed, Dr Deepti Gurdasani warns.

“Neither natural infection nor vaccination should be seen as a hard shield,” the clinical epidemiologist at Queen Mary University tells Sky News.

“You get more varying levels of immune response from natural infection than you do from vaccination.

“Not everyone who gets infected naturally seroconverts [produces an immune response].”

She also says lower immune responses are more common in people who get no or mild symptoms, as well as children and young people.

“Some don’t produce immune responses at all,” she adds.

“If you have had two doses and a natural infection – you have got some boosted immunity, but the protection you get from both is just a layer – it’s not absolute.”

Boosters, tests and hand washing important for Christmas

As Christmas approaches, with more socialising and case rates still considerably high, experts have warned the UK is facing a tough winter – and the NHS being overwhelmed.

And with immunity waning a few months after getting a second vaccine, both scientists are urging people to get booster jabs if they are eligible.

“There is more and more evidence that this [coronavirus] is a three-dose vaccine,” Dr Gurdasani says.

“Lots of people are at the stage now where they’re three or four-months post-vaccination and are getting breakthrough infections.

“It highlights the importance of boosters and of seeing each thing you do, whether that be a test, wearing a mask or recovering from infection, as a layer of protection – not absolute protection.”

Dr Ali adds: “The most important thing is still to have the vaccine, but it’s also true that the vaccine isn’t 100% effective.

“So if you’re mixing with vulnerable or elderly relatives over Christmas, basic interventions like taking a lateral flow test and washing your hands regularly are still important.”

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Nursery worker, 45, pleads guilty to 26 sexual offences against children

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Nursery worker, 45, pleads guilty to 26 sexual offences against children

A nursery worker has pleaded guilty to 26 sexual offences against children following one of the Metropolitan Police’s most harrowing and complex child sexual abuse investigations.

Vincent Chan, 45, of Finchley, worked at a nursery in north London between 2017 and 2024.

The offences include five counts of sexual assault of a child by penetration, four counts of sexual assault of a child by touching, 11 counts of taking indecent photographs or pseudo-photographs of a child, and six counts of making indecent photographs or pseudo-photographs of a child.

The latter offences involved images across categories A, B, and C, with category A depicting the most severe abuse.

Chan will be sentenced at Wood Green Crown Court on 23 January.

The Met said this was one of its most harrowing and complex child sexual abuse investigations.

Vincent Chan. Pic: Met Police
Image:
Vincent Chan. Pic: Met Police

Chan was unmasked as a paedophile after a nursery staff member reported that he had callously filmed a child falling asleep in their food with a nursery-issued device and set it to music for “comedic purposes” before sharing the video with his colleagues, the force said in a statement.

He was subsequently arrested in June 2024 on suspicion of neglect and officers seized 25 digital devices from his home and three from the nursery. Chan was released on bail, but lost his job at the nursery.

Three months later, his devices were submitted for analysis by police, which was completed in July 2025. Forensic teams found substantial amounts of indecent images and videos of children, including evidence of contact sexual offences against children, according to the police statement.

Chan was arrested in September this year on suspicion of sexual offences. Officers seized another 26 devices from his home as well as 15 from the nursery, a since-closed branch of Bright Horizons in West Hampstead.

Detective Superintendent Lewis Basford, right, speaking outside Wood Green Crown Court. Pic: PA
Image:
Detective Superintendent Lewis Basford, right, speaking outside Wood Green Crown Court. Pic: PA

Detective Superintendent Lewis Basford, who led the Met’s investigation, said: “Child sexual abuse is one of the most horrific crimes imaginable, and Chan’s offending spanned years, revealing a calculated and predatory pattern of abuse.

“He infiltrated environments that should have been safe havens for children, exploiting the trust of families and the wider community to conceal his actions and prey on the most vulnerable.”

DCI Basford added: “We recognise the member of staff who raised their concerns, as without that first report of child cruelty, Chan’s abuse could have continued unchecked, putting countless more children at risk.”

At this time, police identified four children as Chan’s victims.

The families of the victims have been contacted directly and are receiving specialist support, while the NSPCC is running a helpline for all 700 families of children who attended the nursery during the time Chan worked there between 2017 and 2024.

In a statement issued through legal firm Leigh Day, some of the families affected said: “As parents, we are still trying to process the sickening discovery that our children were subjected to despicable abuse by Vincent Chan at the nursery.

“We trust the judge to pass the strongest sentence to fit the crimes Vincent Chan has committed against young children, innocent victims who could not fight back.”

Read more from Sky News:
Pictured: Girl killed in children’s birthday party shooting
Decade of county lines leaves its scars on children

A spokesperson for the nursery said following Chan’s guilty pleas: “This individual’s actions represent not only a violation of the victims, but also a profound betrayal of the trust placed in him by families and colleagues.”

They said the company has extensive safeguarding practices in place, including rigorous vetting and DBS criminal record checks.

The company has commissioned an external expert in the field to undertake a full review of its safeguarding practices after Chan “was able to commit these crimes despite our safeguarding measures”, the nursery spokesperson said.

Anyone who wants to make a report to police about Chan can contact OpLanark@met.police.uk, or call 101 from within the UK, quoting the reference CAD3697/1DEC.

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Harry Dunn: ‘Useless’ UK government failed teenager killed by US spy, family says

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Harry Dunn: 'Useless' UK government failed teenager killed by US spy, family says

The family of teenager Harry Dunn, killed by a former US spy, said a damning report into the UK government’s handling of their case was “incredibly painful” to read. 

American driver Anne Sacoolas left Britain with diplomatic immunity 19 days after the head-on crash that killed motorbike rider Harry, 19, outside RAF Croughton in Northamptonshire in August 2019.

The report into the government’s handling of the case, chaired by Dame Anne Owers, marks the end of a six-year struggle for justice and accountability.

It highlights the point at which Sky News first broke the story of Harry Dunn in October 2019 as a key moment when attention on the case escalated at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO).

Harry Dunn
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Harry Dunn

“There was in fact no direct contact between the FCO and the family until 4 October, the day before the Sky News interview was due to go out, when the family was offered a meeting with the foreign secretary himself,” Dame Anne said.

“The family drew the conclusion that this rapid escalation to a very senior level was a direct result of the spotlight of media coverage.”

The report lays bare layer upon layer of failings within the UK government that compounded Harry’s parents’ grief and anguish.

More on Anne Sacoolas

Former foreign secretary David Lammy officially launched the review into the case in July, with the report’s author highlighting “failings and omissions” in the department when dealing with Harry’s death.

It is understood Dame Anne told the Dunn family it was her “strong view” the then foreign secretary Dominic Raab should have been involved “far earlier in the process”, with his private office being copied into a note three days after the crash expressing concern over potentially “unpalatable headlines”.

Harry’s mother Charlotte Charles, a campaigner for road safety, said it was “incredibly painful” to read.

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‘Hugely let down’: Harry Dunn’s mother on damning review

“The report confirms what we have lived with every day for more than six years, that our family was not treated with the honesty or urgency that any grieving parent deserves,” she said, welcoming the findings.

His father Tim Dunn said: “We knew our own government would be useless to us and this report confirms what we knew in those early days. The UK was no match for the US.”

Dame Anne criticised the UK government’s initial handling of the case and subsequent years.

“This issue was not recognised as a crisis and escalated to a sufficiently high level at an early stage, losing opportunities to influence, rather than respond to, events,” she said in the report.

Dame Anne said the US showed “immediate high-level interest” and took “an inflexible approach” after Sacoolas had flown back to America.

Anne Sacoolas
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Anne Sacoolas

“On the UK side this was initially treated as business as usual,” Dame Anne said in the report.

In 2022, Sacoolas admitted causing death by careless driving, but she remained in the US and appeared in a UK court via video link, something the report described as “unprecedented remote proceedings”.

The former spy refused to return to the UK for sentencing. In her absence, she was given an eight-month suspended prison sentence and driving ban.

The diplomatic loophole that Sacoolas and the US government exploited when she left, claiming immunity, has since been closed.

Read more:
Harry Dunn killer apologises
His family’s complaint against former police chief
Criticism over lack of driver training at US base

Driver safety initiatives at US bases in the UK have also been improved.

Dame Anne also made 12 recommendations to improve communications and support for families, as well as transparency around complex diplomatic arrangements at military bases like RAF Croughton.

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Retired teacher spared jail for ‘sadistic’ abuse of young girls at Angus school

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Retired teacher spared jail for 'sadistic' abuse of young girls at Angus school

A “sadistic” teacher who abused young girls in residential care over a 15-year period has been spared jail and ordered to pay £1,000 to each of her 18 victims.

Patricia Robertson, 77, was convicted of a spate of offences committed between 1969 and 1984 on girls as young as five at Fornethy House in Kilry, Angus.

Her abuse included punishments for wetting the bed, force-feeding, banging girls’ heads together and dragging children by their hair, the High Court in Glasgow heard.

Robertson, who was 21 at the time of her first offence, was convicted of cruel and unnatural treatment against 18 victims in October following a trial.

Many of her victims were in court on Wednesday and branded her sentence “disgusting” and an “absolute joke” from the public gallery.

Pic: PA
Image:
Pic: PA

The court heard how Robertson force-fed a nine-year-old girl – making her vomit, forced her to stand in darkness in a confined space and ridiculed her for wetting the bed.

She tied an 11-year-old girl to a bed and made her remove her underwear so she could be slapped and hit with a wooden implement, and also destroyed a postcard from her mother.

Robertson seized a child by the neck and forced her to stand against a wall, and banged a child’s head against a desk and dragged her by her hair.

She also used “derogatory language” towards an eight-year-old girl, forced a seven-year-old child to sleep in soiled bedding after ridiculing her for bed-wetting, and refused to allow another girl, seven, to use a toilet, causing her to wet herself.

Robertson was convicted of forcing a primary-age child to eat her own vomit after force-feeding her, and of slapping a child around the face, seizing her hair and dragging her by the ears.

She also forced a child aged between eight and 10 to walk despite having injured feet, and restricted her breathing by tightening her clothing, and made another child walk across rough terrain wearing only one boot.

Pic: PA
Image:
Pic: PA

Judge Lord Colbeck said: “Your victims were aged between five to 12, mostly there due to poverty.

“Many of them spoke of excitement at going to Fornethy House. Those dreams ended when the door closed. It is clear you behaved in a sadistic manner to many young girls.

“You ridiculed children when they wet the bed, and force-fed children food, causing them to gag and vomit.

“You were in position of trust and responsibility and abused that.”

The judge said the offending was of “exceptionally high culpability” and victims had been left with trauma which amounted to “life sentences”.

He said Robertson, now known as Baxter, had shown “no insight” into her crimes.

Lord Colbeck added: “Your suggestion that the victims made allegations for financial reasons is frankly absurd and contradicts the evidence of a former colleague. There is no doubt the custodial threshold has been met.”

However, the judge imposed a supervision order for three years and also made a restriction of liberty order (OLR), meaning Robertson must stay within her home in Witham, Essex, between 3pm until midnight for 12 months.

He also ordered her to pay a total of £18,000 to the victims within the next two months.

Read more from Sky News:
A decade of county lines leaves its scars on children
Nursery worker admits 26 serious sex offences against children

Rona Hargan, who spent time at Fornethy House between 1976 and 1979 and was one of Robertson’s victims, said the sentence was “too light”.

She described her time there as “hell” and called Robertson an “evil woman”.

“It was horrendous – and to get three years’ probation is an absolute joke,” she said.

“It was like a horror movie that you live constantly in your mind and we’ll live with this for the rest of our life.”

Another survivor said in a statement: “Patricia Robertson’s lack of remorse for hurting me and other helpless girls proves what a wicked woman she is. She is a shameful monster and she can’t hide from what she’s done.

“We were abused by her and bore witness to the violence we each suffered. Her being found guilty proves we have been heard and believed.”

Thompsons Solicitors is representing around 220 people who say they were affected by their time at Fornethy House and are pursuing civil claims. Legal firm Digby Brown is additionally supporting several other women.

Faye Cook, procurator fiscal for the Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service (COPFS), said Robertson should have “nurtured and supported” children but instead “inflicted lasting trauma through her criminal actions”.

She added: “It is now a matter of public record that she grossly violated her duty of care while holding a position of trust and power at Fornethy House.

“Her offending may have taken place several decades ago, but this type of abuse has never been acceptable and it should not have happened.”

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