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A new and more infectious version of the Delta variant now accounts for 15% of coronavirus cases in the UK, according to the latest government data.

AY.4.2 is an evolutionary spin-off of the original Delta variant first found in India.

The UK Health and Security Agency (UKHSA) designated it a ‘variant under investigation’ on 20 October.

Data shows it made up 14.7% of sequenced cases in the week ending 6 November and is continuing to grow.

But as AY.4.2 starts to take over, Sky News looks at how the new variant could affect people’s COVID immunity in the run-up to Christmas.

What do we know about AY.4.2?

AY.4.2 is a sub-lineage of the Delta variant.

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There are currently nine versions of Delta present in the UK.

But government experts have classified AY.4.2 as a ‘variant under investigation’ because it has accounted for a “slowly increasing proportion of cases in the UK” since September.

Imperial College London’s REACT-1 study suggested it could be up to 10% more infectious than Delta, first found in Kent in late 2020. Delta was around 60% more transmissible than Alpha.

Scientists are not sure why it appears to spread more easily.

But the latest UKHSA data suggests vaccines are just as effective against it as they are against Delta – and it could carry a slightly lesser risk of hospitalisation.

The REACT-1 study of 100,000 people between 19 and 5 November also showed only a third of people with AY.4.2 had the classic COVID symptoms of a cough, fever, loss or change in taste and smell – compared to 46% who had the original Delta variant.

Authors of the study said people with the new variant were less likely to show any other symptoms as well.

If I’ve had COVID recently, does a new variant mean I could get it again?

Both vaccines and natural infection offer varying levels of immunity from getting reinfected with COVID-19.

Previous studies have shown getting COVID gives people around 80% protection from getting reinfected within five months.

But there is not yet enough data on AY.4.2 to know how long natural immunity from the new variant might last.

This means that if you have been recently infected with AY.4.2 it is not clear whether you are largely protected from contracting the original Delta variant within the following months.

But if the vaccines are just as effective against it, catching it naturally could offer similar levels of protection, Dr Raghib Ali, of the University of Cambridge’s epidemiology unit, tells Sky News.

“We don’t have reinfection data yet,” he says.

“But what we do have is data that shows no real difference in vaccine effectiveness between AY.4.2 and Delta.

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“Getting a vaccine induces an immune response that is based on the spike protein.

“And when you get infected naturally you also produce an immune response – so there shouldn’t be much difference.”

But he claims this only applies to people who have been vaccinated with two or three doses.

“In general, if you’ve been infected with Delta and you’ve had both vaccines, you should have good protection from AY.4.2 and vice versa,” he says.

A Harvard study has also showed that people who have had a combination of vaccines and natural infection have “substantially higher antibody responses” than people who have only been vaccinated.

“They have very good levels of protection,” Dr Ali adds.

“Because each time you are exposed to the vaccine or the virus, you develop an immune response.”

‘It’s not a hard shield’

Although most people develop some level of immunity from getting the virus naturally, it is not guaranteed, Dr Deepti Gurdasani warns.

“Neither natural infection nor vaccination should be seen as a hard shield,” the clinical epidemiologist at Queen Mary University tells Sky News.

“You get more varying levels of immune response from natural infection than you do from vaccination.

“Not everyone who gets infected naturally seroconverts [produces an immune response].”

She also says lower immune responses are more common in people who get no or mild symptoms, as well as children and young people.

“Some don’t produce immune responses at all,” she adds.

“If you have had two doses and a natural infection – you have got some boosted immunity, but the protection you get from both is just a layer – it’s not absolute.”

Boosters, tests and hand washing important for Christmas

As Christmas approaches, with more socialising and case rates still considerably high, experts have warned the UK is facing a tough winter – and the NHS being overwhelmed.

And with immunity waning a few months after getting a second vaccine, both scientists are urging people to get booster jabs if they are eligible.

“There is more and more evidence that this [coronavirus] is a three-dose vaccine,” Dr Gurdasani says.

“Lots of people are at the stage now where they’re three or four-months post-vaccination and are getting breakthrough infections.

“It highlights the importance of boosters and of seeing each thing you do, whether that be a test, wearing a mask or recovering from infection, as a layer of protection – not absolute protection.”

Dr Ali adds: “The most important thing is still to have the vaccine, but it’s also true that the vaccine isn’t 100% effective.

“So if you’re mixing with vulnerable or elderly relatives over Christmas, basic interventions like taking a lateral flow test and washing your hands regularly are still important.”

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Man, 33, admits selling substance online to assist with suicides

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Man, 33, admits selling substance online to assist with suicides

A man has pleaded guilty to selling a substance online to assist with the suicide of others.

Miles Cross, 33, admitted four counts of intentionally doing an act capable of encouraging or assisting the suicide of another.

Cross provided chemicals to Shubhreet Singh on 22 August last year, Wrexham Magistrates’ Court heard during an October hearing.

Ms Singh, 26, died in West Yorkshire last year.

The three other counts relate to three victims who are alive and cannot be named due to reporting restrictions.

The incidents are said to have happened in August and September 2024.

Police are also investigating a second death in connection with the packages Cross sold online.

Cross arrives at Mold Crown Court to enter his guilty plea
Image:
Cross arrives at Mold Crown Court to enter his guilty plea

Cross had set up a business selling the chemical via an internet discussion forum and interacted with others on the forum under a pseudonym.

He joined the site in July 2024 and posted a QR code, which allowed people to order the chemical directly from him and pay via his bank account.

Cross received payments of £100 from four people and sent them the chemical through the post.

Cross, from Wrexham, was arrested in January following a police investigation into sales via the forum to assist with suicide. Officers found the chemical and other paraphernalia at his address.

His devices were seized, which linked Cross to the forum, social media profiles and the bank account.

“Miles Cross preyed on four people in a distressed state and knowingly provided a substance intended to end their lives,” Alison Storey, specialist prosecutor with the CPS Special Crime Division, said.

“His actions were purely for financial gain, and he made the process of ordering the chemical online easy and accessible.”

Court artist drawing of Miles Cross. Pic: PA
Image:
Court artist drawing of Miles Cross. Pic: PA

She said the case was a “stark reminder of the dangers posed by those who aim to exploit vulnerable individuals online”, adding that the CPS hopes that Cross pleading guilty brings “some measure of justice” to the victims and their families.

North Wales Police’s Detective Superintendent Chris Bell said: “Cross took advantage and exploited his victims in their most desperate moments, profiting off their vulnerability and mental illnesses.

“I hope today’s admission provides the victims and their families with some peace of mind and relief that they are now spared the ordeal of a trial. My thoughts, and those of the whole investigation team, remain with them today.”

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He added: “This has been a highly complex and sensitive investigation over the past 10 months, and I want to acknowledge the courage of the witnesses who played an integral part in the investigation during such difficult circumstances.”

Cross will be sentenced at Mold Crown Court on 7 January.

If you’ve been affected by this story and want to talk to someone, you can call Samaritans free on 116 123 anytime day or night. You can also email jo@samaritans.org or visit www.samaritans.org to find support online.

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Princess of Wales calls on businesses to value ‘time and tenderness’ in rare speech

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Princess of Wales calls on businesses to value 'time and tenderness' in rare speech

The Princess of Wales has delivered a rare speech calling on businesses to value “time and tenderness just as much as productivity and success”, as part of her push to make society put the needs of children first. 

During her first speech since she was diagnosed with cancer at the start of 2024, Kate reflected on the importance of love, telling 80 business leaders, “the love we feel in our earliest years fundamentally shapes who we become and how we thrive as adults”.

But in a call to action for businesses, she added: “Every one of you interacts with your own environment; a home, a family, a business, a workforce, a community. These are the ecosystems that you yourselves help to weave.

“Imagine a world where each of these environments were built on valuing time and tenderness just as much as productivity and success.

“As business leaders, you will face the daily challenge of finding the balance between profitability and having a positive impact. But the two are not, and should not be incompatible.”

Princess of Wales talks with business leaders and attendees at the Future Workforce Summit. Pic: Reuters
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Princess of Wales talks with business leaders and attendees at the Future Workforce Summit. Pic: Reuters

The Princess of Wales leaves after attending the Future Workforce Summit at Salesforce Tower in London.
Pic: PA
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The Princess of Wales leaves after attending the Future Workforce Summit at Salesforce Tower in London.
Pic: PA

At the Future Workforce Summit, hosted by her Royal Foundation Business Taskforce, Kate thanked her team at the Centre of Early Childhood “for holding the fort, particularly over the last couple of years”.

She was also joined by former England manager Sir Gareth Southgate as she called on business leaders to invest more in the early years development of children.

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Number of Britons leaving the UK higher than previously thought

The event came as The Royal Foundation released a new report called “The Human Advantage”, exploring how, as AI increasingly handles technical tasks, competitive advantage will rely on human skills that technology cannot replicate.

But while the survey found that 81% of business leaders believe there will be an increased need for human skills in the next five to 10 years, very few business leaders identified the unique importance of early childhood in the development of these skills.

Gareth Southgate attends the Future Workforce Summit. Pic: Reuters
Image:
Gareth Southgate attends the Future Workforce Summit. Pic: Reuters

In summer 2024, the Royal Foundation Business Taskforce for Early Childhood produced a report recommending a range of interventions from creating a culture inside and outside firms that prioritises childhood to supporting parents with greater resources and flexibility in the workplace.

Involving the chief executives of Ikea, NatWest Group and Deloitte, the report highlighted how the nation could benefit from an estimated £45.5bn.

The report followed the launch of Kate’s long-term campaign, Shaping Us, in January 2023, described as the princess’ “life’s work”, and aimed at highlighting the crucial first five years of a child’s life.

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Man who stabbed Glasgow neighbour in parking space row jailed

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Man who stabbed Glasgow neighbour in parking space row jailed

A man who inflicted “life-changing” injuries on a neighbour in a savage knife attack amid a row over a parking space has been jailed for more than seven years.

Stephen McAulay, 35, stabbed James Duncan “multiple times” to the head and body during the incident outside their homes in the Carntyne area of Glasgow on 13 May 2024.

It came after bus driver McAulay sustained a minor facial injury during an earlier confrontation over a parking space on their road, with the attacker later returning armed with a blade.

Judge Lord Young told McAulay: “Whatever the rights and wrongs of that dispute, you would not let the matter rest.”

Crane operator Mr Duncan required emergency surgery to a chest wound, while injuries to his head resulted in “significant” loss of vision to one eye.

The judge described the injuries as “life-changing”, adding: “This appears to be an attack caused more by intoxication and loss of face than anything else.”

McAulay last month pleaded guilty to attempted murder at the High Court in Glasgow.

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He was sentenced to seven-and-a-half years in prison at the High Court in Edinburgh on Tuesday.

Lord Young dismissed McAulay’s claim that he had taken the knife with him in “self-defence”.

The judge said: “You went looking for your victim to continue the argument, and you took a knife with you that you were prepared to use.”

Lord Young highlighted Mr Duncan’s victim impact statement, noting: “He will struggle to return to work. These were truly life-changing injuries that you have inflicted.”

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Earlier, defence solicitor Ross Yuill described his client’s decision to “arm himself with a knife” and confront his neighbour as “inexplicable”.

The lawyer said McAulay has now had his first experience of custody which he found challenging.

He added: “The consequence for him will be a period of custody but also he will miss the birth of his child.”

Mr Yuill said McAulay was “sorry” for the incident and he “wishes again to offer his apologies to the complainer having had significant time to reflect on his actions”.

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