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A new and more infectious version of the Delta variant now accounts for 15% of coronavirus cases in the UK, according to the latest government data.

AY.4.2 is an evolutionary spin-off of the original Delta variant first found in India.

The UK Health and Security Agency (UKHSA) designated it a ‘variant under investigation’ on 20 October.

Data shows it made up 14.7% of sequenced cases in the week ending 6 November and is continuing to grow.

But as AY.4.2 starts to take over, Sky News looks at how the new variant could affect people’s COVID immunity in the run-up to Christmas.

What do we know about AY.4.2?

AY.4.2 is a sub-lineage of the Delta variant.

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There are currently nine versions of Delta present in the UK.

But government experts have classified AY.4.2 as a ‘variant under investigation’ because it has accounted for a “slowly increasing proportion of cases in the UK” since September.

Imperial College London’s REACT-1 study suggested it could be up to 10% more infectious than Delta, first found in Kent in late 2020. Delta was around 60% more transmissible than Alpha.

Scientists are not sure why it appears to spread more easily.

But the latest UKHSA data suggests vaccines are just as effective against it as they are against Delta – and it could carry a slightly lesser risk of hospitalisation.

The REACT-1 study of 100,000 people between 19 and 5 November also showed only a third of people with AY.4.2 had the classic COVID symptoms of a cough, fever, loss or change in taste and smell – compared to 46% who had the original Delta variant.

Authors of the study said people with the new variant were less likely to show any other symptoms as well.

If I’ve had COVID recently, does a new variant mean I could get it again?

Both vaccines and natural infection offer varying levels of immunity from getting reinfected with COVID-19.

Previous studies have shown getting COVID gives people around 80% protection from getting reinfected within five months.

But there is not yet enough data on AY.4.2 to know how long natural immunity from the new variant might last.

This means that if you have been recently infected with AY.4.2 it is not clear whether you are largely protected from contracting the original Delta variant within the following months.

But if the vaccines are just as effective against it, catching it naturally could offer similar levels of protection, Dr Raghib Ali, of the University of Cambridge’s epidemiology unit, tells Sky News.

“We don’t have reinfection data yet,” he says.

“But what we do have is data that shows no real difference in vaccine effectiveness between AY.4.2 and Delta.

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“Getting a vaccine induces an immune response that is based on the spike protein.

“And when you get infected naturally you also produce an immune response – so there shouldn’t be much difference.”

But he claims this only applies to people who have been vaccinated with two or three doses.

“In general, if you’ve been infected with Delta and you’ve had both vaccines, you should have good protection from AY.4.2 and vice versa,” he says.

A Harvard study has also showed that people who have had a combination of vaccines and natural infection have “substantially higher antibody responses” than people who have only been vaccinated.

“They have very good levels of protection,” Dr Ali adds.

“Because each time you are exposed to the vaccine or the virus, you develop an immune response.”

‘It’s not a hard shield’

Although most people develop some level of immunity from getting the virus naturally, it is not guaranteed, Dr Deepti Gurdasani warns.

“Neither natural infection nor vaccination should be seen as a hard shield,” the clinical epidemiologist at Queen Mary University tells Sky News.

“You get more varying levels of immune response from natural infection than you do from vaccination.

“Not everyone who gets infected naturally seroconverts [produces an immune response].”

She also says lower immune responses are more common in people who get no or mild symptoms, as well as children and young people.

“Some don’t produce immune responses at all,” she adds.

“If you have had two doses and a natural infection – you have got some boosted immunity, but the protection you get from both is just a layer – it’s not absolute.”

Boosters, tests and hand washing important for Christmas

As Christmas approaches, with more socialising and case rates still considerably high, experts have warned the UK is facing a tough winter – and the NHS being overwhelmed.

And with immunity waning a few months after getting a second vaccine, both scientists are urging people to get booster jabs if they are eligible.

“There is more and more evidence that this [coronavirus] is a three-dose vaccine,” Dr Gurdasani says.

“Lots of people are at the stage now where they’re three or four-months post-vaccination and are getting breakthrough infections.

“It highlights the importance of boosters and of seeing each thing you do, whether that be a test, wearing a mask or recovering from infection, as a layer of protection – not absolute protection.”

Dr Ali adds: “The most important thing is still to have the vaccine, but it’s also true that the vaccine isn’t 100% effective.

“So if you’re mixing with vulnerable or elderly relatives over Christmas, basic interventions like taking a lateral flow test and washing your hands regularly are still important.”

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Nurse Sandie Peggie who complained about sharing changing room with transgender doctor wins part of employment tribunal

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Nurse Sandie Peggie who complained about sharing changing room with transgender doctor wins part of employment tribunal

A nurse who complained about sharing a changing room with a transgender doctor has won part of her employment tribunal against NHS Fife, although several claims were dismissed.

Sandie Peggie took action against the health board and transgender medic Dr Beth Upton after she was suspended from her job at Victoria Hospital in Kirkcaldy following a row with her colleague on Christmas Eve 2023.

Ms Peggie, who has worked for the NHS for 30 years, was placed on special leave after Dr Upton made an allegation of bullying and harassment, and cited concerns about patient care.

The nurse lodged a claim against NHS Fife and Dr Upton, citing the Equality Act 2010, including sexual harassment, harassment related to a protected belief, indirect discrimination, and victimisation.

The employment tribunal hearings took place in Dundee before Judge Sandy Kemp earlier this year.

In a written judgment on Monday, the harassment claim was upheld against NHS Fife, but allegations of discrimination, indirect discrimination and victimisation were dismissed.

The claims against Dr Upton did not succeed and were dismissed.

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Dr Beth Upton arriving at the tribunal in February. Pic: PA
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Dr Beth Upton arriving at the tribunal in February. Pic: PA

Ms Peggie stated: “I am beyond relieved and delighted that the tribunal has found that my employer Fife Health Board harassed me after I complained about having to share a female-only changing room with a male colleague.

“The last two years have been agonising for me and my family.

“I will have much more to say in the coming days once I’ve been able to properly consider the lengthy judgment and discuss it with my legal team.

“For now, I am looking forward to spending a quiet few days with my family.”

Ms Peggie paid tribute to her “incredible” legal team, which included lead counsel Naomi Cunningham, junior counsel Dr Charlotte Elves, and solicitor Margaret Gribbon.

She added: “There are many others I would like to thank and will do so in the coming days.”

Read more:
NHS Fife chief announces early retirement ahead of ruling

The tribunal found that NHS Fife had harassed Ms Peggie by failing to revoke the grant of permission to Dr Upton on an interim basis after the nurse complained, for the period until different work rotas took effect so that they would not work together and said that, as a result, Dr Upton was in the changing room when the claimant was present on two occasions.

It also found the board had harassed Ms Peggie by taking an unreasonable length of time to investigate the allegations against her; by making reference to patient care allegations against her on 28 March 2024; and giving an instruction to her not to discuss the case, until a further message a little over two weeks later which confirmed that applied only to the investigation.

A separate hearing on remedy – which could see Ms Peggie receive financial compensation – will take place at a later date.

NHS Fife said it had been a “complex and lengthy process”.

The health board added: “The employment tribunal unanimously dismissed all of the claimant’s allegations against Dr Upton and all of the allegations against the board apart from four specific aspects of the harassment complaint.

“We will now take time to work through the detail of the judgment alongside our legal team to understand fully what it means for the organisation.

“We want to recognise how difficult this tribunal has been for everyone directly and indirectly involved.

“Our focus now is to ensure that NHS Fife remains a supportive and inclusive environment for all employees and our patients and to deliver health and care to the population of Fife.”

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Ex-footballer Joey Barton sentenced for X posts sent to Jeremy Vine, Eni Aluko and Lucy Ward

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Ex-footballer Joey Barton sentenced for X posts sent to Jeremy Vine, Eni Aluko and Lucy Ward

Retired footballer Joey Barton has been sentenced over X posts he sent to football pundits Eni Aluko and Lucy Ward, along with broadcaster Jeremy Vine.

Barton, 43, had been found guilty of six counts of sending a grossly offensive electronic communication with intent to cause distress or anxiety.

He was sentenced to a six-month prison sentence, suspended for 18 months, at Liverpool Crown Court on Monday.

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Watch judge’s remarks in Barton sentencing

The former Manchester City, Newcastle United and Rangers midfielder had claimed he was the victim of a “political prosecution” and denied his aim was to “get clicks and promote himself”.

But the jury decided Barton, capped once for England in 2007, had “crossed the line between free speech and a crime” with the six posts he made on the social media platform.

The prosecution argued that Barton, who has 2.5 million followers, “may well be characterised as cutting, caustic, controversial and forthright”.

Peter Wright KC continued: “Everyone is entitled to express views that are all of those things.

“What someone is not entitled to do is to post communications electronically that are – applying those standards – beyond the pale of what is tolerable in society.”

Barton denied 12 counts of sending a grossly offensive electronic communication with intent to cause distress or anxiety between January and March last year.

He was found guilty on six counts, but cleared of another six.

Eni Aluko at London's Royal Courts of Justice last year for her libel claim against Barton. Photo: PA
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Eni Aluko at London’s Royal Courts of Justice last year for her libel claim against Barton. Photo: PA

In one post in January 2024, Barton compared Aluko and Ward to the “Fred and Rose West of football commentary”, and superimposed the women’s faces on a photograph of the serial murderers.

He also described Aluko as being in the “Joseph Stalin/Pol Pot category”, suggesting that she had “murdered hundreds of thousands, if not millions, of football fans’ ears”.

The jury found him not guilty in relation to the comparison with the Wests, Stalin and Pol Pot, but decided the superimposed image was grossly offensive.

Jeremy Vine. Pic: PA
Image:
Jeremy Vine. Pic: PA

Another message allegedly suggested Vine had a sexual interest in children, after the broadcaster posted a question relating to the posts about the football commentators asking whether Barton had a “brain injury”.

The court heard Barton replied to Vine’s tweet with a post referring to him as “you big bike nonce” and made references to convicted child sex offender Jeffrey Epstein.

The ex-footballer told the court the posts were “dark and stupid humour” and “crude banter”. He also said he had no intention of implying Vine was a paedophile.

Sentencing, the Honorary Recorder of Liverpool, Judge Andrew Menary KC, told Barton: “Robust debate, satire, mockery and even crude language may fall within permissible free speech.

“But when posts deliberately target individuals with vilifying comparisons to serial killers or false insinuations of paedophilia, designed to humiliate and distress, they forfeit their protection.

“As the jury concluded, your offences exemplify behaviour that is beyond this limit – amounting to a sustained campaign of online abuse that was not mere commentary but targeted, extreme and deliberately harmful.”

Barton was also given a two-year restraining order preventing him from contacting Aluko, Ward or Vine, or publishing any reference to them on a social media platform or broadcast platform.

He will also have to carry out 200 hours of unpaid work in the community and pay prosecution costs of £23,419.

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More arrests after ‘pepper spray’ incident at Heathrow Airport

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More arrests after 'pepper spray' incident at Heathrow Airport

Two more people have been arrested following a “pepper spray” incident at London’s Heathrow Airport

The incident took place shortly after 8am on Sunday, when two women were allegedly robbed of their suitcases after leaving the car park lift within the airport’s Terminal 3 building.

The alleged robbers then sprayed them with what is believed to be pepper spray, which then affected others nearby.

A 31-year-old man was arrested on suspicion of robbery and assault close to the scene on Sunday. He was released under investigation while enquiries continue.

Now, a 24-year-old man in Lambeth has been arrested on suspicion of robbery and assault and a 23-year-old woman on suspicion of conspiracy to commit robbery, the Metropolitan Police said.

The pair remain in custody.

London Ambulance Service attended the scene and treated 21 people, including a three-year-old girl.

Five people were taken to hospital. Their injuries are not believed to be life-changing or life-threatening.

This breaking news story is being updated and more details will be published shortly.

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