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It has been 50 years since the most famous chess match of all time – a Cold War clash that saw the US and the Soviet Union battle over a chessboard.

America’s Bobby Fischer eventually defeated world champion Boris Spassky, but the contest was far bigger than just two men and 64 squares. It always had been.

The game of chess has existed for nearly 1,500 years, but in the 20th century it became a vessel for the US and the USSR to vie for intellectual supremacy – amid allegations of collusion and scandal.

The popular game is now back in the news after world number one Magnus Carlsen lost in a shock upset to Hans Niemann, and allegations of cheating against Neumann followed.

Sky News takes a look at some of the biggest scandals in the history of Chess, and how it has shaped our geopolitics.

Magnus Carlsen calls out Hans Niemann and says cheating is an ‘existential threat’ to chess

It’s the scandal that has been rumbling on for weeks and has now boiled over with an explosive statement from Magnus Carlsen.

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Carlsen, the current world number one and widely considered to be one of the best of all time, pulled out of a tournament earlier this month after losing to teenager Hans Niemann.

Later, in an online rematch against Niemann, Carlsen resigned after making only one move.

The pair of defeats for the game’s best active player led to allegations of cheating against Niemann, who had been ranked significantly lower than Carlsen.

On Monday, Carlsen issued a blistering statement on Twitter saying that he thought Niemann “has cheated more – and more recently – than he has publicly admitted”.

Niemann has admitted to cheating in online games in the past, but has rejected any suggestions he has ever done so in over the board (in person) chess or that he has used computer assistance in a major tournament.

1962: Bobby Fischer cries foul over a series of Soviet draws

The Carlsen-Niemann feud may be under the spotlight, but it’s by no means the first scandal to hit the chess world.

Ten years before his famous match-up with Spassky, Bobby Fischer claimed that Soviet players were colluding at the 1962 Candidates Tournament.

Controversial player Fischer alleged that the Soviets had conspired to prevent any non-Soviet from winning the tournament.

He claimed that the players who eventually finished as the top three – Tigran Petrosian, Paul Keres and Efin Geller – had prearranged to draw all 12 of the their games against each other in order to conserve their energy for the end of the tournament.

In a 2002 interview Yuri Averbakh, who was head of the Soviet team, confirmed the existence of the drawing pact.

Chess as a battleground for the Cold War

In the 1960s and 1970s the Cold War was in full swing and chess was highly popular and seen as a battleground between the Soviet Union and America.

“For the Soviet Union, supremacy at the chess board was a demonstration – as its rulers saw it – of the superiority of their socialist system over the Western capitalist one”, English Chess Federation Dominic Lawson told the BBC in 2005.

Fischer’s victory over the Russian Spassky is probably the most famous chess matchup of all time and – briefly – ended 24 years of Soviet domination of the World Championship.

Three French masters accused of trying to cheat by text

Three French masters-level players were suspended after they were accused of using an elaborate text scheme to cheat at a tournament in 2010.

Cyril Marzolo followed developments over the internet and used computer software to establish the best next move, the BBC reported.

The move was then sent in a coded text message to another member of the team, Arnaud Hauchard, who would then sit at a particular table in the competition hall to communicate the move to Sebastien Feller who was playing the game.

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Harvey Weinstein’s 2020 rape conviction overturned by New York appeals court

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Harvey Weinstein's 2020 rape conviction overturned by New York appeals court

A New York court has overturned Harvey Weinstein’s 2020 conviction for rape, ordering a new trial in the landmark “MeToo” case.

The state’s highest court found the judge at the trial prejudiced the ex-movie mogul with “egregious” improper rulings, including a decision to let women testify about allegations that weren’t part of the case.

In a 4-3 decision, the ruling by the Court of Appeals will mean a painful chapter in reckoning with sexual misconduct by powerful figures looks likely to be reopened.

It was an era that began in 2017 with a flood of allegations against Weinstein dating back to the 1970s.

Weinstein’s accusers could again be forced to relive their traumas on the witness stand.

The 72-year-old former film producer has been serving a 23-year sentence in a New York prison for sexually assaulting ex-production assistant Mimi Haleyi in 2006 and raping former aspiring actress Jessica Mann in 2013 following the landmark 2020 trial.

However, he will remain behind bars as he was sentenced last year in Los Angeles to 16 years in prison for raping and sexually assaulting an actress in a Beverly Hills Hotel.

The Los Angeles conviction is not affected by today’s decision in New York.

Manhattan district attorney Alvin Bragg – who is already involved in a hush money trial against former president Donald Trump – will now decide whether Weinstein will receive a retrial.

A spokesperson for Mr Bragg said in an email: “We will do everything in our power to retry this case, and remain steadfast in our commitment to survivors of sexual assault.”

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Weinstein sentenced to 23 years in 2020

Douglas Wigdor, a lawyer who represented eight of Weinstein’s accusers said today’s decision was a “major step back in holding those accountable for acts of sexual violence,” adding: “It will require the victims to endure yet another trial.”

Once considered the most powerful man in Hollywood, Weinstein was accused by dozens of women claiming he bullied, pressured, coerced, or overpowered them while demanding sexual favours.

Gwyneth Paltrow, Salma Hayek, Lupita Nyong’o and Ashley Judd were some who accused Weinstein of sexual harassment, while actresses Asia Argento and Rose McGowan were among others who accused him of raping them.

He was also accused of reaching settlements to keep the stories quiet.

Weinstein had admitted his behaviour had “caused a lot of pain”, but maintains his innocence throughout saying any sexual activity was consensual.

The glut of allegations sparked #Metoo, a movement where alleged victims of sexual assault increasingly publicised their experiences, and many came forward against high-profile figures, especially in the entertainment industry.

Weinstein co-founded the entertainment company Miramax in 1979 whose hit movies included Pulp Fiction, Flirting with Disaster and Shakespeare in Love.

He was ousted from his own firm, The Weinstein Company, in 2017 after the New York Times reported nearly 30 years of rape and sexual harassment allegations towards him.

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Dozens arrested in US as student protests over Gaza spread across country

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Dozens arrested in US as student protests over Gaza spread across country

Chaos engulfed campuses across the United States as pro-Palestinian student protests spread to universities across the length and breadth of this country. 

A movement which started at Columbia University on the east coast has now spread to the north, south and west.

At the University of Southern California in Los Angeles at least 93 people were arrested during a volatile three-hour standoff between protesters and the police.

A protester is detained at the University of Southern California. Pic: AP
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A protester is detained at the University of Southern California. Pic: AP

Police officers turned out in force. Pic: Reuters
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Pic: Reuters

One young woman, wearing an Arab scarf, threw a bottle of water at officers and was tackled to the ground before being handcuffed and taken to a waiting police van.

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Heavily armed officers were sent to disperse pro-Palestine student activists who are calling for a ceasefire in Gaza.

Others, who had formed a protest circle after police issued a dispersal order, were handcuffed one by one and frogmarched off campus by Los Angeles police officers.

Dozens of people were detained by police
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Dozens of people were detained by police

The day had started relatively peacefully as hundreds of students gathered on the main lawn on campus.

Police did intervene to remove a number of tents that had been erected, but people holding signs which called for a ceasefire in Gaza soon filled the space.

As classes finished for the day, police issued a dispersal order, telling protesters over a loudspeaker that they had 10 minutes to clear the area or they would be arrested.

A group of at least 50 students remained, linking arms and chanting, “free, free, Palestine”. Some used a black marker pen to scribble on their arms the number of a helpline to call from prison.

Students protesting at the University of Southern California. Pic Reuters
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Police officers turned out in force. Pic Reuters

“Are you scared of being arrested?” I asked one young woman. “No,” she replied. “I think the children in Gaza are more scared than me.”

I asked another why she feels so passionate about taking a stand on a war unfolding more than seven thousand miles away. “We know that we’re on the right side of this right now,” she said, “and if we’re not going to do this, then who is?”

Los Angeles Police said around 93 people were arrested

The students here say they have two core aims. They are demanding that their university cuts all financial ties with Israel and that their country stops sending them weapons.

Amid the peaceful chants are potentially inflammatory songs about the state of Israel.

Campus protests have intensified in recent days

I asked one young man if he is concerned Jewish students may feel threatened and isolated on their own campus.

“None of the chants or anything that we’ve said is inherently antisemitic,” he said, “nor is the call for the liberation of Palestine inherently antisemitic”.

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More than 100 arrested as campus protests spread

Demonstrations are expected to continue across the US
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Demonstrations are expected to continue across the US

As night fell, police here concluded that the best way to end today’s standoff was with more force.

My team watched as an officer pushed one young man to the floor and another woman was pushed back with a police baton.

They may have brought the protests to an end today but there is every chance they will erupt again in the days to come.

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Dolphin found shot dead on beach – with ‘multiple bullets’ lodged in body

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Dolphin found shot dead on beach - with 'multiple bullets' lodged in body

A dolphin has been found shot dead on a beach, prompting officials to offer a reward for information.

A member of the public discovered the bottlenose dolphin at the beach near New Orleans, Louisiana, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) said.

The aquatic mammal was recovered by Audubon Aquarium Rescue, which carried out a necropsy that revealed “multiple bullets lodged in the carcass, including in the brain, spinal cord, and heart”.

“The animal appeared to have died from the trauma, which occurred at or near the time of death,” the NOAA added.

The NOAA is now offering a reward of $20,000 (£16,000) for information leading to a criminal conviction or the assessment of a civil penalty, following the discovery on 13 March.

Harassing, harming, killing, or feeding wild dolphins is prohibited in the US under the Marine Mammal Protection Act.

People found to have violated the laws can be prosecuted civilly or criminally, with sentences of up to a year in prison and $100,000 (£80,000) in fines.

Scientists say bottlenose dolphins are highly intelligent, and have been observed to demonstrate self-awareness, problem-solving, empathy, innovation, teaching skills, grief, joy and playfulness.

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