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It has been 50 years since the most famous chess match of all time – a Cold War clash that saw the US and the Soviet Union battle over a chessboard.

America’s Bobby Fischer eventually defeated world champion Boris Spassky, but the contest was far bigger than just two men and 64 squares. It always had been.

The game of chess has existed for nearly 1,500 years, but in the 20th century it became a vessel for the US and the USSR to vie for intellectual supremacy – amid allegations of collusion and scandal.

The popular game is now back in the news after world number one Magnus Carlsen lost in a shock upset to Hans Niemann, and allegations of cheating against Neumann followed.

Sky News takes a look at some of the biggest scandals in the history of Chess, and how it has shaped our geopolitics.

Magnus Carlsen calls out Hans Niemann and says cheating is an ‘existential threat’ to chess

It’s the scandal that has been rumbling on for weeks and has now boiled over with an explosive statement from Magnus Carlsen.

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Carlsen, the current world number one and widely considered to be one of the best of all time, pulled out of a tournament earlier this month after losing to teenager Hans Niemann.

Later, in an online rematch against Niemann, Carlsen resigned after making only one move.

The pair of defeats for the game’s best active player led to allegations of cheating against Niemann, who had been ranked significantly lower than Carlsen.

On Monday, Carlsen issued a blistering statement on Twitter saying that he thought Niemann “has cheated more – and more recently – than he has publicly admitted”.

Niemann has admitted to cheating in online games in the past, but has rejected any suggestions he has ever done so in over the board (in person) chess or that he has used computer assistance in a major tournament.

1962: Bobby Fischer cries foul over a series of Soviet draws

The Carlsen-Niemann feud may be under the spotlight, but it’s by no means the first scandal to hit the chess world.

Ten years before his famous match-up with Spassky, Bobby Fischer claimed that Soviet players were colluding at the 1962 Candidates Tournament.

Controversial player Fischer alleged that the Soviets had conspired to prevent any non-Soviet from winning the tournament.

He claimed that the players who eventually finished as the top three – Tigran Petrosian, Paul Keres and Efin Geller – had prearranged to draw all 12 of the their games against each other in order to conserve their energy for the end of the tournament.

In a 2002 interview Yuri Averbakh, who was head of the Soviet team, confirmed the existence of the drawing pact.

Chess as a battleground for the Cold War

In the 1960s and 1970s the Cold War was in full swing and chess was highly popular and seen as a battleground between the Soviet Union and America.

“For the Soviet Union, supremacy at the chess board was a demonstration – as its rulers saw it – of the superiority of their socialist system over the Western capitalist one”, English Chess Federation Dominic Lawson told the BBC in 2005.

Fischer’s victory over the Russian Spassky is probably the most famous chess matchup of all time and – briefly – ended 24 years of Soviet domination of the World Championship.

Three French masters accused of trying to cheat by text

Three French masters-level players were suspended after they were accused of using an elaborate text scheme to cheat at a tournament in 2010.

Cyril Marzolo followed developments over the internet and used computer software to establish the best next move, the BBC reported.

The move was then sent in a coded text message to another member of the team, Arnaud Hauchard, who would then sit at a particular table in the competition hall to communicate the move to Sebastien Feller who was playing the game.

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New York prepares for possible protests if Donald Trump is arrested and charged

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New York prepares for possible protests if Donald Trump is arrested and charged

Barricades have been erected outside a New York court as the city prepares for the possibility Donald Trump could be arrested and charged over alleged hush money paid to porn star Stormy Daniels during his 2016 presidential campaign.

It would be the first criminal case brought against a former US president.

Crowds have already started to gather outside Trump Tower and Manhattan Criminal Court in New York, as well as Mr Trump’s Mar-a-Lago estate in Florida.

On Saturday, Mr Trump urged followers on social media to protest against what he said was his looming arrest.

It has raised fears of a repeat of violent scenes seen at Capitol Hill after his 2020 presidential defeat.

New York Mayor Eric Adams told reporters police were monitoring social media and keeping an eye out for “inappropriate actions” in the city.

The New York Police Department said there were no known credible threats.

However, barricades have been erected outside Trump Tower and Manhattan Criminal Court for crowds and any trouble following the former president’s claim his arrest is imminent.

Donald Trump supporters outside his Mar-a-Lago estate. Pic: Phelan M. Ebenhack via AP
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Donald Trump supporters outside his Mar-a-Lago estate in Florida. Pic: Phelan M. Ebenhack via AP
Supporters of Donald Trump protest outside the New York court where district attorney Alvin Bragg continues his investigation
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…and outside the New York court where district attorney Alvin Bragg continues his investigation
Trump Tower
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…and Trump Tower

If charged, Mr Trump would likely have to travel from his Florida home for fingerprinting and other processing.

Law enforcement officials met on Monday to discuss the logistics, several media outlets reported.

Mr Trump’s lawyer, Joseph Tacopina, told the Associated Press news agency that if the former president is indicted “we will follow the normal procedures”.

A grand jury, which heard further testimony on Monday, could bring charges as soon as this week.

Mr Trump, who is seeking the Republican nomination for the White House again in 2024, had predicted he would be arrested on Tuesday.

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Trump watches wrestling after arrest claim

On Monday the grand jury heard from a witness, lawyer Robert Costello. He said Mr Trump’s former lawyer Michael Cohen had handled the hush-money payments without Mr Trump’s involvement.

“Michael Cohen decided on his own – that’s what he told us – on his own, to see if he could take care of this,” Mr Costello told reporters following his testimony, at Mr Trump’s legal team’s request.

Mr Cohen, who testified twice before the grand jury, has said publicly Mr Trump directed him to make the payments on his behalf.

The investigation by Manhattan District Attorney Alvin Bragg is one of several legal challenges Mr Trump faces, including legal action over the 6 January, 2021, Capitol riots.

Mr Bragg’s office has apparently been examining whether any state laws were broken in connection with the payments or the way Mr Trump’s company compensated Mr Cohen for his work to keep the women’s allegations quiet.

Mr Cohen pleaded guilty in 2018 to federal campaign finance violations tied to his arranging payments to Ms Daniels, whose legal name is Stephanie Clifford, and another woman in exchange for their silence about affairs they claimed with Mr Trump.

Mr Trump has denied any wrongdoing and that any such affairs took place.

Around 44% of Republicans say Mr Trump should drop out of the presidential race if he is indicted, according to a seven-day Reuters/Ipsos poll that concluded on Monday.

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What happens if Donald Trump is arrested?

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What happens if Donald Trump is arrested?

Donald Trump has claimed he is set to be arrested over an alleged hush money payment to adult film star Stormy Daniels.

If right in his assertion, the former US president could be charged by authorities in New York within days.

But what will happen if he is indicted – and how will both sides present their case?

What Trump has said

In a post on his Truth Social platform on Saturday, Mr Trump said he expected to be arrested on Tuesday and urged his supporters to protest against the authorities if he is detained and indicted.

He published a long statement describing the investigation as a “political witch-hunt trying to take down the leading candidate, by far, in the Republican Party”.

“I did absolutely nothing wrong,” he said, before criticising a “corrupt, depraved and weaponised justice system”.

However, it’s worth noting a spokesperson for Mr Trump said he had not been notified of any pending arrest.

The case – that the Republican made a payment to Ms Daniels towards the end of the 2016 presidential campaign in exchange for her silence over an alleged affair – is one of several related to Mr Trump.

Other ongoing cases include a Georgia election interference probe and two federal investigations into his role in the 6 January insurrection in the US Capitol.

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Trump watches wrestling after arrest claim

What Trump will do

Mr Trump has accused Manhattan’s district attorney Alvin Bragg, a Democrat, of targeting him for political gain, and may try to argue for the dismissal of the charges on those grounds.

He could also challenge whether the statute of limitations – five years in this instance – should have run out.

But in New York, the statute of limitations can be extended if the defendant has been out of state – Trump may argue that serving as US president should not apply.

Politically, how any possible indictment may affect Mr Trump’s chances in the 2024 presidential election is unclear.

He could be the first former US president to face criminal prosecution – right as polls show him leading other potential rivals for the Republican nomination, including controversial Florida governor Ron DeSantis.

This could lead to the unprecedented situation in which Mr Trump would stand trial as he campaigns in 2024.

If elected, he would not have the power to pardon himself of criminal charges.

In any case, Mr Trump’s lawyer Joe Tacopina told CNBC on Friday that he would surrender if charged. If he refused to come voluntarily, prosecutors could seek to have him extradited from Florida, where he currently lives.

In an ironic twist, as governor, Mr DeSantis would typically have to give formal approval for an extradition.

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Trump pleads the fifth in 2022 deposition video

What prosecutors will do

The Manhattan District Attorney’s office has spent nearly five years investigating Mr Trump.

It has presented evidence to a New York grand jury that relates to a £114,000 ($130,000) payment to Ms Daniels during the final days of the 2016 presidential campaign.

It is alleged the payment was given in exchange for Ms Daniels’ silence about an affair between her and Mr Trump.

Mr Trump has denied the affair and accused Ms Daniels of extortion.

Any indictment by the district attorney’s office would require Mr Trump to travel to its New York office to surrender.

But Mr Trump’s lawyers will likely arrange a date and time with authorities, as it is a white-collar case. And then his mugshot and fingerprints would be taken before appearing for arraignment in court.

Mr Trump could also be charged with falsifying business records – typically classed as a misdemeanour – after he reimbursed his former attorney Michael Cohen for the payments, falsely recorded as legal services.

To elevate it to a felony, prosecutors would have to show Mr Trump falsified records to cover up a second crime.

In any case, legal experts have estimated that any trial of the former US president would be more than a year away.

That’s why if it happened, it could coincide with the final months of a 2024 election in which Mr Trump seeks a controversial return to the White House.

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‘Worrisome’ deadly fungus spreading through US at alarming rate

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'Worrisome' deadly fungus spreading through US at alarming rate

A drug-resistant and potentially deadly fungus is spreading rapidly through US health facilities, according to a government study.

Researchers from the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported the fungus, a type of yeast called Candida auris or C. auris, can cause severe illness in people with weakened immune systems.

The number of people diagnosed, as well as the number who were found through screening to be carrying C. auris, has been rising at an alarming rate since the fungus was first reported in the US in 2016.

A strain of Candida auris cultured in a petri dish at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is pictured in this undated handout photo obtained by Reuters on April 9, 2019. CDC/Handout via REUTERS ATTENTION EDITORS - THIS IMAGE WAS PROVIDED BY A THIRD PARTY
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A strain of Candida auris cultured in a petri dish at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 2019

The fungus was identified in 2009 in Asia, but scientists have said C. auris first appeared around the world about a decade earlier.

Dr Meghan Lyman, chief medical officer of the CDC’s mycotic diseases branch, said the increases, “especially in the most recent years, are really concerning to us”.

“We’ve seen increases not just in areas of ongoing transmission, but also in new areas,” she said.

Dr Lyman also said she was concerned about the increasing number of fungus samples resistant to the common treatments for it.

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Dr Waleed Javaid, an epidemiologist and director of infection prevention and control at Mount Sinai Downtown in New York, said the fungus was “worrisome”.

“But we don’t want people who watched ‘The Last Of Us’ to think we’re all going to die,” Dr Javaid said.

“This is an infection that occurs in extremely ill individuals who are usually sick with a lot of other issues.”

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The fungus, which can be found on the skin and throughout the body, is not a threat to healthy people.

But about one-third of people who become sick with C. auris die.

The fungus has been detected in more than half of all US states. The number of infections in the US increased by 95% between 2020 and 2021.

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The new research comes as Mississippi is facing a growing outbreak of the fungus.

Since November, 12 people in the state have been infected with four “potentially associated deaths”, according to the state’s health department.

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