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The incel movement is waging a “war against women” and poses a growing threat to children, according to a report that calls on tech companies to intervene to stop the radicalisation of lonely men and boys online.

The incel – or “involuntarily celibate” – movement is an online subculture involving men who feel unable to have sex or find love and express hostility and extreme resentment towards women.

Research into the leading incel forum found a “community of angry, belligerent and unapologetic” men that poses a “clear and present danger” to women and an “emerging threat to children”.

Users posted about rape every 29 minutes and the forum’s rules were changed six months ago to accommodate paedophilia.

More than a fifth of posts featured misogynist, racist, antisemitic or anti-LGBTQ language, with 16% of posts featuring misogynist slurs, the study said.

On the forum Sky News found posts saying “women should be sex slaves” and “I feel hate when I see a girl”.

The study of more than one million posts over 18 months found that posts mentioning mass murders increased by 59%.

Perpetrators of mass shootings are known to have been active in incel communities or discuss their ideas, including the Plymouth gunman Jake Davison, who killed five people including a three-year-old girl.

Researchers warned that “unchecked, incel communities have the potential to radicalise further” and called on tech companies to act.

Jake Davison carried out the UK's deadliest mass shooting since 2010
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Jake Davison carried out the UK’s deadliest mass shooting since 2010

‘Not lone wolves’

Imran Ahmed, chief executive of the Centre for Countering Digital Hate (CCDH), a British non-profit group which carried out the study, said: “Incels are not lone wolves or socially isolated.

“They are in fact enmeshed in highly active communities with a coherent, evolving ideology that has radicalised further in the past 18 months.

“They are egging each other on to commit mass violence, normalising sexual violence against women and even codified their approval of sexualising children.”

UK pupil sought incels’ advice after ‘Prevent referral’

In some cases, boys as young as 15 are being led down a rabbit hole of hatred and extremism, the research says.

One user, given the pseudonym Carl in the report, posted on the forum asking for help after he claimed to have been flagged to Prevent for carrying a knife in his school bag.

Other forum members responded with advice on how to avoid scrutiny online and congratulated him on his decision to stop taking psychiatric medication.

Throughout the thread, Carl referred to prescribed psychiatric medicine as “jewpills”, itself a reference to an incel conspiracy theory that psychiatric medicine is part of a Jewish conspiracy to pacify white men.

‘Power-users’

The research was conducted by “scraping” forum posts and analysing members’ activity, trends and keywords.

The forum received an average of 2.6 million monthly visits, with 17,118 members. In the 18 months covered, only 4,057 wrote posts.

Almost half (43.8%) of traffic to the forum came from the US, with 7.5% from the UK.

Discourse is driven by 406 “power-users”, who produce 74.6% of all posts, some spending more than 10 hours a day on the forum.

The forum’s rules were changed in March from “do not sexualise minors” to “do not sexualise pre-pubescent minors”.

Incel content on YouTube

The study found that forum users most frequently shared content from YouTube, where incel channels have more than 136,000 subscribers and 24.2 million video views.

Davison subscribed to an incel content channel that YouTube has refused to take down despite public pressure, the CCDH researchers said.

Another channel posts videos of women covertly filmed in London.

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The CCDH urged YouTube to take down all incel channels and called on Google to push “incelosphere” websites down search results.

Mr Ahmed said: “We find in this study a reflexive dynamic between misogynistic communities online and incels.

“They argue with each other, support each other, share ideas, promote each other’s lexicon and values. In short, they are brothers-in-arms in a war against women.

“That’s why a small subculture, numbering in the thousands, has had such an enormous effect.”

Sky News has asked YouTube for comment.

‘Not all violent’

Dr Lewys Brace, a senior lecturer at Exeter University specialising in online extremist radicalisation, including incel culture, told Sky News that he agreed with the study’s recommendations.

“The thing that concerns me personally most about this incel movement, is that people don’t actually need to look for this stuff to get to it,” he said.

Although he said that some people in the community posed a real threat to others, he stressed most are not violent.

“Obviously not everyone in this community is violent,” he said. “In fact, my research has shown that actual violent conversations are the minority of conversations on these platforms.”

The problem for law enforcement is telling the difference between someone acting out on the internet and someone who poses a threat, he said.

He added: “For me, the ones that concern me are the ones that take these ideas, and they’ve written long posts where they’ve integrated these ideas with their own personal offline experiences.”

Given the example of Davison posting long YouTube videos featuring incel ideas, Dr Brace said: “That’s exactly it. Those are exactly the kind of examples we should be concerned about.”

Origins of inceldom

Incel as a form of self-identification is thought to date from a website founded in the 1990s as support for people who found it hard to have sexual experiences.

The risk is that sexual frustration and the blame incels place on women is leveraged into violence.

The most notorious attack was carried out by Elliot Rodger, 22, who killed six people and himself in a rampage in California in 2014.

He left behind a 137-page “manifesto” and a YouTube video revealing that he carried out the attack because he could not secure a relationship with a woman, which in turn led to his hatred for those who were in relationships.

Rodger is frequently idolised and venerated in incel forums where he is sometimes referred to as the “Supreme Gentleman”.

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Race against time to keep Scunthorpe steel furnaces alive as raw materials to be delivered today

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Race against time to keep Scunthorpe steel furnaces alive as raw materials to be delivered today

The raw materials needed to keep the blast furnaces running at British Steel’s Scunthorpe plant will be delivered to the site today, the government has confirmed.

Ministers have been racing against time to secure the coking coal and iron ore needed to keep the furnaces at the UK’s last virgin steel-producing plant operating.

If they cool down too much, the molten iron solidifies and blocks the furnaces, making it extremely difficult and expensive to restart them.

Jonathan Reynolds, the business secretary, will visit the port in nearby Immingham as the supplies from two ships are unloaded and transported to the plant.

The Department for Business and Trade (DBT) said the materials had been provided by the US and would be enough to keep the furnaces running for weeks, while a third ship with coking coal and iron ore is on its way from Australia after a legal dispute between British Steel and the site’s Chinese owner Jingye was resolved.

The future of the British Steel plant at Scunthorpe had been hanging in the balance after Jingye decided to cancel future orders for the iron ore, coal and other raw materials needed to keep the furnaces running at the beginning of April.

After talks with the owner broke down, the government summoned MPs who had been away from Westminster for the Easter recess back to parliament to pass an emergency bill on Saturday to take over the facility.

The bill has brought the steelworks into effective government control, with the next step expected to be nationalisation.

Mr Reynolds said: “Thanks to the work of those at British Steel, and in my department, we have moved decisively to secure the raw materials we need to help save British Steel.

“Our industries depend on UK steel and – thanks to our plan for change – demand is set to shoot up: helping build the 1.5 million homes, railways, schools and hospitals we need to usher in a decade of national renewal.”

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Future of Scunthorpe furnaces?

Jingye’s decision to cancel future orders of the raw materials needed to keep the furnaces running has led some to question whether the company might have purposefully attempted to shut the blast furnaces down.

While Downing Street said it was not aware of “sabotage” at the plant, it did acknowledge that it had become “clear” the Chinese owners “wanted to shut the blast furnaces” during talks.

Mr Reynolds said “it might not be sabotage, it might be neglect”, while Ms Rayner said there was “no evidence” of corporate sabotage.

However, the episode has sparked a debate about Chinese involvement in UK industries, with Mr Reynolds saying on Sunday that he “wouldn’t personally bring a Chinese company into our steel sector”.

The Chinese company stepped in with a deal to buy British Steel’s Scunthorpe plant out of insolvency five years ago.

Commenting on the situation for the first time on Monday, a Chinese embassy spokesperson urged the British government not to “politicise” the row by “linking it to security issues”, and to act with “fairness, impartiality and non-discrimination… to make sure the legitimate rights and interests of the Chinese company be protected”.

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“It is an objective fact that British steel companies have generally encountered difficulties in recent years,” it added.

UK ministers have faced questions themselves over why they have only just acted on British Steel, given the fact that unions warned earlier this month that Jingye had decided to cancel future orders for the vital raw materials.

The Conservatives accused the government of acting “too late” and implementing a “botched nationalisation” after ignoring warnings about the risk to the steelworks.

Under the new legislation passed at the weekend, ministers now have the power to instruct British Steel to keep the plant in Scunthorpe open, order materials for steelmaking and instruct that workers be paid.

It also authorises a jail sentence of up to two years for anyone who breaches this law.

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Birmingham bin strike to continue after refuse workers reject council’s offer

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Birmingham bin strike to continue after refuse workers reject council's offer

A long-running strike by bin workers, that has left rubbish piling up on Birmingham’s streets, will continue after union members “overwhelmingly rejected” the city council’s offer in a fresh ballot.

The action by members of Unite, which began on 11 March as part of a dispute over pay, has seen thousands of tonnes of rubbish go uncollected and warnings of a public health emergency.

Hundreds of workers have been on all-out strike for a month, and residents have complained about “rats as big as cats”.

Deputy Prime Minister Angela Rayner visited Birmingham last week and called on the union to accept a “significantly improved” deal for workers.

Rubbish bags lie on the street, as the strike action by Birmingham bin workers represented by the Unite union enters its fifth week in Birmingham, Britain, April 11, 2025. REUTERS/Hannah McKay
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Pic: Reuters

However, the union said hundreds of its members had rejected the “totally inadequate” offer.

The offer, if it had been accepted, would have included “substantial pay cuts for workers” and “did not address potential pay cuts for 200 drivers”, according to Unite.

The latest ballot comes after previous talks failed.

Unite has been campaigning against plans to cut the post of waste recycling and collection officer (WRCO) from the city’s refuse and recycling service.

The union claims it will lead to around 150 of its members having their pay cut by up to £8,000 a year.

But the council has disputed the figures, saying only 17 workers will be affected, losing far less than Unite is claiming.

Local government minister Jim McMahon said the union’s rejection of the pay offer will be “deeply disappointing for Birmingham residents who have already endured weeks of disruption”.

“There is a fair and reasonable offer on the table and I would urge Unite to end the strikes and return to talks to reach the resolution that is fair to the workers and residents of the city,” he added.

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‘The bin strike has been good for us’

‘Rejection of the offer is no surprise’

Unite general secretary Sharon Graham said: “The rejection of the offer is no surprise as these workers simply cannot afford to take pay cuts of this magnitude to pay the price for bad decision after bad decision.”

Unite national lead Onay Kasab told Sky News: “The proposal from the employers was completely and utterly inadequate. It still included a pay cut. It included a sharp cliff-edge drop in pay for our members.

“Unfortunately, the biggest thing about the proposal was what it didn’t include. It didn’t include the details of how and when the drivers are going to have their pay cut and what’s going to be done to mitigate that. It didn’t include issues around what happens if people finish their training and there are no vacancies for them.

“But what it did show up was this so-called figure of only 17 people being impacted is complete and utter nonsense. The proposal itself, that we’ve got in paper, impacts more than 17 people.”

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Wendy Morton, a Conservative MP whose Aldridge-Brownhills constituency is in the Walsall borough, said rats in Birmingham – labelled Squeaky Blinders – “must be dancing in the streets”.

She said: “This really shows yet again Labour-led Birmingham Council and this Labour government are failing residents and our region.

“They need to get a grip, stop blaming others, and face the unions – their paymasters. The Squeaky Blinders must be dancing in the streets.”

Rats have been seen scurrying around mounting piles of rubbish, food waste and bin bags outside homes, shops and restaurants in the city since the strike began.

‘It has been really bad’

A Birmingham resident whose car was wrecked by rats in a street where piles of rubbish were “as tall as” him is “disappointed” bin workers have rejected the council’s offer.

Adam Yasin, 33, from the Balsall Heath area of the city, said: “It’s more to do with hygiene on the streets. I take my son to the nursery and I use a specific street and honestly it was blocked. It’s just annoying, and when the kids are there they like to touch things as well.”

He said his Mercedes was “completely written off” just weeks ago because rats had chewed through wires in the engine.

He said: “It has been really bad, especially where I live, there are a lot of restaurants there. I swear there was a pile (of rubbish) as tall as me, I kid you not.

“Today they collected the rubbish that was on the floor, so the bags that were on the floor, but the bins are still left.”

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Rayner urges Unite to suspend bin strikes

What has the council said?

Birmingham City Council said: “It is incredibly disappointing, that despite several weeks of extensive negotiations, Unite have rejected a second offer of settlement. However, our door remains open.

“The council must deliver improved waste services for our citizens – who simply deserve better.

“We must also guard against future equal pay claims, and while we have sought throughout the negotiations to protect pay for individuals, Unite’s proposals focus solely on retaining a role that does not exist in other councils and represents an equal pay risk for Birmingham.

“We have made a fair and reasonable offer and every employee affected by the removal of the WRCO role could take an equivalent graded role in the council, LGV Driver training or voluntary redundancy packages.”

It comes as the government called in military planners to help tackle the mounting piles of rubbish in Birmingham.

Amid an “ongoing public health risk” posed by the mounds of waste, the planners have been assigned to provide logistical support for a short period. The move has not involved soldiers being deployed to collect rubbish.

‘Army logistics deployed’

Ms Rayner insisted there were “no boots on the ground”.

She said “we’ve deployed a couple of army logistics to help with the logistical operation of clearing up the rubbish”.

“We’ve got over two-thirds of the rubbish cleared off the streets now, this week we’ll start to see cleaning up the pavements and streets as well as the clearance of all of that rubbish, I’m very pleased about that. The kids are off school, obviously it’s Easter holidays, we want that rubbish cleared.”

Waste collections have been disrupted since January, before the all-out strike started last month.

Birmingham City Council declared a major incident on 31 March in response to public health concerns.

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Warwick Davis’s wife Samantha died hours before she was due to be discharged from hospital, inquest hears

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Warwick Davis's wife Samantha died hours before she was due to be discharged from hospital, inquest hears

Actress Samantha Davis, the wife of Warwick Davis, died after suffering a cardiac arrest hours before she was due to be discharged from hospital, an inquest has found.

Mrs Davis, 53, died at London’s University College Hospital on 24 March last year.

She had been admitted six and a half weeks earlier, after a disc prolapse caused a sudden loss of mobility in her lower limbs.

She then underwent a thoracotomy operation – a surgical procedure where the chest wall is opened – on 20 February.

Following a second thoracotomy on 14 March, Mrs Davis’s condition improved and the hospital was planning to discharge her, the inquest at Inner West London Coroner’s Court heard.

However, she went into cardiac arrest at 11.25pm on 23 March, and was pronounced dead at 0.28am on 24 March, after a failed attempt to resuscitate her.

Harrison Davis, Samantha Davis, Warwick Davis and Annabelle Davis attending the premiere of Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker held at the Vue Leicester Square in London. PA Photo. Picture date: Wednesday December 18, 2019. See PA story SHOWBIZ Skywalker. Photo credit should read: Isabel Infantes/PA Wire.
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Warwick and Samantha with their children Harrison and Annabelle in 2019. Pic: PA

Senior coroner Professor Fiona Wilcox said she was satisfied the cause of death “should be arrhythmic cardiac arrest and complications following left thoracotomies”.

Mrs Davis had achondroplasia, a bone growth disorder which results in dwarfism, “complicated by very severe spinal problems” requiring multiple surgeries from 2016, the coroner added.

The hospital delivered “nothing but excellent care” and all of Mrs Davis’s “complications were appropriately managed”, Prof Wilcox said.

“It is frankly heartbreaking that the surgery itself was successful only for complications to arise and to cause her death,” she added.

David Lawrence, a cardiothoracic surgeon at University College London Hospitals, said Mrs Davis’s condition had been “progressing well”.

During her hospital stay, she had two surgical chest drains removed – the second on the day she suffered the cardiac arrest, he said.

“Very sadly, on the night this happened, the original plan had been that she would be discharged home the following day,” he told the inquest.

“We had good evidence that this patient had a chest x-ray that was acceptable, very stable observations and this patient did not bleed during the day.”

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Mr Davis, known for his film roles in the Star Wars and Harry Potter series, dedicated his BAFTA film fellowship award to Mrs Davis during an emotional tribute at the ceremony in February.

The couple met on the set of 1988 film Willow. They married three years later and have two children.

They founded the charity Little People UK in 2012 to help individuals with dwarfism and their families.

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