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The price of groceries could surge by £1.7bn due to the cost of carbon dioxide rising by as much as 3000%, new analysis has shown.

The UK’s food and drink sector could end up footing the mammoth extra bill for liquid CO2 if gas prices remain high, according to research by the Energy and Climate Intelligence Unit (ECIU).

The gas is used in a raft of sectors but particularly in food and drink, including in the slaughter of pigs and chickens, to add fizz to beer and soft drinks, and in packaging foods safely.

Rampant inflation amid the cost of living crisis has caused production of carbon dioxide to be disrupted, leaving industries reliant on the gas impacted by heavy ramifications.

Commercial energy prices across the country have also rocketed over the past year, with the war in Ukraine pushing up costs.

The price of a tonne of liquid CO2 is up to 3,000% higher than it was a year ago, currently as much as £3000 per tonne, compared to just £100 per tonne one year ago, the ECIU said.

As a result, production at a key ammonia site, where CO2 is created as a by-product, was temporarily halted in August.

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Its owner CF Fertilisers said: “At current natural gas and carbon prices, CF Fertilisers UK’s ammonia production is uneconomical, with marginal costs above £2,000 per tonne and global ammonia prices at about half that level.”

Fay Jones, MP for Brecon and Radnorshire and chair of the Farming All-Party Parliamentary Group, said: “The price of gas is adding thousands of pounds to families’ energy bills.

“Now, like last autumn, it could affect supplies of CO2 and of fertilisers, and drive up the price of everything from beer to bacon.”

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Prices of cheapest foods surge

‘It could bring the food and drink system to its knees’

There are now fears that gas prices could rise even further, or that suppliers will be cut off completing, leading to more increases in the price of liquid CO2 or a repeat of last year’s shortage.

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It comes as businesses in the food and drink sector are already paying significantly more for energy than even a few months ago.

In the first quarter of 2022, businesses like pubs, farms, and supermarkets paid 71% more for gas than in the first three months of 2021.

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Matt Williams, climate and land programme lead at the ECIU, said: “The UK’s reliance on fossil fuels affects more than just families’ energy bills. It could bring the food and drink system to its knees.

“Rising energy costs are creating an extra cost of hundreds of millions of pounds in the food and drink industry that customers may struggle to avoid.

“If high gas prices, or even blackouts, force factories to close it could create real problems for farmers and the food and drink industry.”

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Space NK owner kicks off £300m-plus sale process

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Space NK owner kicks off £300m-plus sale process

The owner of Space NK has kicked off a formal sale process more than a year since it hired bankers to auction the high street beauty chain.

Sky News has learnt that teasers have begun being circulated to prospective bidders in recent weeks, despite anxiety about consumer confidence in a stuttering UK economy.

Manzanita Capital, a private investment firm, engaged bankers at Raymond James to oversee an auction in April 2024.

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A deal is expected to fetch between £300m and £400m.

Manzanita has owned Space NK for more than 20 years, and is not expected to sanction a sale unless it receives an attractive offer.

One party contacted about a potential bid said the business appeared to be in good financial health.

Manzanita has also owned the French perfume house Diptyque and Susanne Kaufmann, an Austrian luxury skincare brand.

Founded in 1993 by Nicky Kinnaird, Space NK – which is named after her initials – trades from roughly stores and employs more than 1,000 people.

It specialises in high-end skincare and cosmetics products.

Manzanita previously explored a sale of Space NK in 2018, hiring Goldman Sachs to handle a strategic review, but opted not to proceed with a deal.

Manzanita has been contacted for comment, while Raymond James declined to comment.

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Tesla’s board members have reportedly started looking for Elon Musk’s successor as CEO

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Tesla's board members have reportedly started looking for Elon Musk's successor as CEO

Tesla’s board members have reportedly started a search for someone to replace Elon Musk as CEO.

Several executive search firms were approached to find a successor around a month ago, the Wall Street Journal reported.

But it added that the current status of the succession planning for the electric car-maker was not known.

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Tesla’s chair, Robyn Denholm, later reacted to the report by insisting that any suggestion of an active search was “absolutely false”.

She added that the board was highly confident in Musk’s ability to continue “executing on the exciting growth plan ahead”.

Musk’s net worth has plunged and Tesla stocks have fallen sharply amid a public backlash over his role in Donald Trump’s government. He owns just under 13% of Tesla stock and is the largest shareholder.

The world’s richest man has been leading the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE), where he has overseen the firing of tens of thousands of government employees.

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He has also supported far-right parties in Europe, which has led to protests against Musk and Tesla, which have seen its showrooms and charging stations vandalised across the US and Europe.

President Trump has labelled the vandals “terrorists”.

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Musk pulls back from DOGE role

It comes after Musk said the time he spends with DOGE would “drop significantly” from May and he will dedicate more time to running his companies, such as Tesla, SpaceX and X.

The board members met with Musk and asked him to announce publicly he would spend more time at Tesla, the report said.

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It was unclear if Musk, who is a member of the board, was aware of any attempts to identify a successor, or if his pledge to spend more time at Tesla had affected succession planning, it added.

On Wednesday, Mr Trump said Musk could be part of his administration for as long as he wants.

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“You’re invited to stay as long as you want,” Mr Trump said.

He said Musk had been “treated unfairly” for his role in helping Mr Trump slash the size of the federal government, adding: “You really have sacrificed a lot.”

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‘De minimis’: The rarely-examined trade clause about to become a very big deal

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'De minimis': The rarely-examined trade clause about to become a very big deal

The thing about trade, and the economics of trade, is that it is simultaneously desperately boring and desperately important.

For example, consider a little bit of legal small print no one spent all that much time thinking about until recently – a clause in most countries’ customs arrangements known as “de minimis”.

The idea behind de minimis is quite simple.

Collecting customs can be an expensive business. You need to employ lots of people to check goods, police the system and collect the relevant customs and tariffs.

In theory, you could fund that via the customs you’re charging people to import goods into the country.

But what if the items you’re imposing tariffs and charges on are so cheap that it makes no economic sense to actually impose those charges?

Consider a £5 t-shirt of the kind you might order from an online retailer such as Shein. In theory, that garment should face a 20% tariff when it arrives from China into the UK.

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But since 20% of a small number is an even smaller number, most customs authorities, including those in the UK, have taken the stance of essentially excluding any cheap imports from paying customs. This is the ‘de minimis’ rule.

There are similar rules in most countries, with the main difference being the threshold at which they kick in. Here in Britain, de minimis applies to anything worth less than £135. In the US the threshold at which you start paying customs charges is higher: $800.

Chart showing each country's de minimis level

Now, there’s a long and detailed set of discussions that have bored on for decades about the pros and cons of this scheme. The historic arguments against collecting those fees were that a) doing so probably cost more money than it would raise, b) scanning and checking every import would jam up ports and airports unnecessarily and c) it might have a bearing on the wider economy as it throws further sand in the wheels of commerce.

But in recent years, a host of mostly Chinese retailers have exploited the de minimis rule to ship (actually, mostly to fly) cheap products to the US, UK, Europe and beyond.

The most visible of these companies are Shein and Temu. By directly flying consignments of very cheap clothes and consumer goods to airports in the west, they have been able to undercut other companies without having to pay customs fees.

Number of de minimis packages imported in to the US since 2018

All of which is why, alongside the host of other tariffs imposed in recent weeks, Donald Trump is also doing something else – eliminating America’s de minimis rules altogether. At least, that’s the plan.

Having pledged to do so in February, the administration rapidly reversed the decision after consignments began to pile up at US airports.

However, the impending rule, which is due to kick in this Friday, sounds like it might be more concrete than the last one. And, if it’s actually imposed, tariffs of 145% will be imposed on goods that, once upon a time, didn’t face any tariffs at all. Which is a very big deal indeed.

chart showing the app store ranking for Chinese ecommerce brands

Already, prices on websites including Shein have begun to increase. Consumers have begun to abandon the sites’ apps. And consignments of goods bound for the US from China have begun to slow.

The real question is what happens next.

Chart on how Shein prices have changed

Does the White House U-turn again? Or does it stand firm? Even as American consumers see the cost of their hitherto cheap goods rise, and potentially even face empty supermarket shelves, the notion of which was summoned up by a delegation of retail chiefs who met with the president last week.

The short answer, as with so much about the current US administration is: no one really knows, and if they say they do, don’t believe them.

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