Starting to take “direct action” in April, campaigners “locked on” to roads, tankers and other infrastructure at 10 oil facilities across Essex, Hertfordshire, Birmingham and Southampton, which led to hundreds of arrests.
But in recent weeks, they have expanded to disrupting sport fixtures, vandalising artwork and public institutions like New Scotland Yard.
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3:20
Who are Just Stop Oil?
Protests at oil facilities ‘didn’t work’
“It didn’t work,” Just Stop Oil (JSO) spokesperson Emma Brown told Sky News.
“When we did the most obvious, common sense thing of targeting oil companies – that didn’t break through.
“Activists across the world have been taking direct action against oil and gas companies for decades. But they’re out of sight of the public eye and the media.
“We’re causing visible disruption in our capital city. Disruption works because it puts pressure on the police, which puts pressure on the government.”
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When two JSO activists scaled the Queen Elizabeth II Bridge 200ft above the Dartford Crossing this week, it had to close for 36 hours and caused six-hour delays around much of the M25.
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1:02
Just Stop Oil use hammocks on shut bridge
One of them, Morgan Trowland, a 39-year-old civil engineer, said the demonstration was helping to “reach the social tipping point we so urgently need” on climate change.
And when asked about those who had been disrupted, he added they should “have a thought and empathy” for the 33 million people displaced by floodwater in Pakistan caused by melting ice caps this year.
Ms Brown, who got involved with JSO in March, said it’s “really unfortunate people get caught up in the disruption” and there’s “no such thing as a perfect protest that doesn’t offend anyone”.
She stressed the group have a “blue light policy” whereby they let emergency services vehicles through traffic blocks.
Asked whether they are disrupting people’s daily lives to make them see the gravity of the climate crisis, she replied: “I’m not going to be patronising and say to people ‘we’re trying to change your mind’.
“We’re trying to raise this in the public consciousness. And that happens in the media, by literally seeing disruption on the streets of London.”
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1:48
Just Stop Oil spray paints Harrods
Experts say protests get visibility – but no support
Professor Lorenzo Fioramonti, director of the University of Surrey’s Institute for Sustainability, said JSO may have succeeded in getting publicity – but that won’t translate into changes in policy.
“When it comes to this sort of activism, we need to differentiate between garnering visibility and garnering support,” he told Sky News.
“What they’re trying to achieve in putting climate change on the national debate is commendable.
“But the strategies they are using are backfiring in terms of garnering support. And advancing the ecological cause only happens when the public is on your side.”
Image: Just Stop Oil activists throw tomato soup over Sunflowers at the National Gallery
Professor Fioramonti commented: “To be successful, what you’re trying to stop has to be the enemy.
“The price of what you do has to be paid by the opponent – in this case the oil and gas companies. What doesn’t work is when that is paid by someone else, then the lay person won’t understand it.”
It also risks “dividing the ecological front” and “tainting the cause” of groups who are engaged in constructive dialogue with governments, fossil foil producers and big business, he added.
“The public may rear-end their view of the overall cause because they think all these groups are the same.”
But Ms Brown insists “that initial outrage” over the Sunflowers is what is having a real impact.
“We wouldn’t have had that impact if we just calmly explained the rationale behind moving to a clean energy future.
“We have to do something – and I would advise anyone who is angry or annoyed at us – or thinks they could do better – to come and join the group.”
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1:52
Just Stop Oil ‘antagonising people’
Francois Gemenne, researcher on climate governance at the University of Liege and lead author for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, argues that we are “beyond the point” of needing publicity.
“Actions like this are a thing of the past,” he told Sky News.
“The question is how to mobilise people to take action and to help them to do that.
“Getting media attention for the sake of media attention is a little problematic.”
He added that many of his peers are concerned copycat movements could happen across the global south where people on the frontline of climate change are less able to cope with infrastructural damage or disruption caused by protests.
Gave up library job to ‘mobilise full-time’
Having formed off the back of talks at universities across the country, JSO is now thought to have thousands of supporters.
Among them are a team of people who focus on organising protests – and another who deal with strategy. Several hundred are currently involved in the protests themselves.
Ms Brown, a 31-year-old artist from Glasgow, is part of a small group being funded by JSO to work for them full-time.
Image: Ms Brown is pictured centre left
She signed up after being handed a leaflet saying “We’re f*****. Come and see what we’re going to do about it” while working at a university library.
Convinced, in April she took part in blockades of oil refineries in Birmingham and London, as well as gluing herself to the frames of famous paintings in Glasgow.
Two months later she quit her job to “mobilise full-time”, claiming her rent, bills and living costs from JSO after they secured thousands in funding from the US-based Climate Emergency Fund.
“Now I do this 50 hours a week,” she said.
“I do talks around the country, leafleting in the street, non-violent direct action training – talking about the principles of non-violence and preparing people for the hostility we might face.”
She isn’t formally employed but is given an allowance, she added.
“It’s just enough to live on. The media likes to portray us as rich kids – but we’re not – we couldn’t do this if we didn’t have any sustenance.”
Image: Just Stop Oil protest through Westminster, with Emma Brown right
Another group necessary to ‘tell government exactly what to do’
Just Stop Oil’s “civil disobedience” strategy is similar to the ones of fellow climate groups Extinction Rebellion (XR), Animal Rebellion and Insulate Britain.
Many XR activists are now involved in JSO.
“XR isn’t part of Just Stop Oil,” Ms Brown explained. “But there are XR people in the group.
“The Insulate Britain campaign has ended – so some people from there have moved on to be part of this campaign.”
Quizzed on why separate groups keep forming, she added: “With XR governments have declared climate emergencies, but they’re not doing what they need to do.
“So we’re having to tell them exactly what to do – which is ‘Just Stop Oil’ and ‘Insulate Britain’. Having focused campaigns mean we can get those demands won.”
JSO says it wants a transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy in the UK over the next eight years – and will stop all protests when this is secured.
Until their demands are met, JSO has daily action planned throughout this month, which results in around a dozen or so activist arrests each time.
In response, the government is pursuing a new Public Order Bill to crack down on demonstrations that target essential infrastructure, creating bigger risks of being arrested, fined or imprisoned for JSO members.
Image: Road protest in central London. Pic: Just Stop Oil
‘Listening’ to minority groups over arrest risks
Ms Brown has been detained on four occasions.
Many have criticised JSO and its predecessors for their relative privilege of being able to “just get arrested” without any serious, long-term consequences.
Ms Brown says such criticisms are “very valid” and the group is “listening to people of colour”.
But she added: “I think that kind of criticism is often levelled at us by people who also have that privilege but aren’t doing anything about the climate crisis.
“I would take umbrage with people who are also white and middle class – and trying to discredit us.
“I’m a mixed-raced woman from a lower-middle class background.
“If I get arrested, I do have family support, I have people’s sofas I could stay on, I wouldn’t be made homeless.
“But I had to look deep into myself to establish if I could do this – and I think more people need to do that.”
So what’s next for Just Stop Oil?
Ms Brown says the group is “definitely continuing”.
But beyond October’s month of action, “conversations are still being had” about what else is on the agenda.
There is likely to be coordinated action around November’s COP27 in Egypt, but nothing concrete yet.
“It’ll be a year on since COP26 and they’ve done nothing. It’s outrageous. So we’re not going away,” she says.
The families of the two victims of the Manchester synagogue attack have paid tribute to them as “heroic, beloved and cherished”.
Adrian Daulby, 53, and Melvin Cravitz, 66, were killed in the attack at Heaton Park synagogue in Crumpsall on Thursday.
Mr Daulby, a member of the congregation, was shot accidentally when police opened fire on attacker Jihad al Shamie.
The synagogue’s rabbi told Sky News it happened as Mr Daulby “was holding the doors to make sure everyone inside stayed safe”.
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2:33
Hero held doors closed to keep everyone safe, rabbi says
His family said he was a “hero” and a “lovely down-to-earth man” whose “final act was one of profound courage and he will forever be remembered for his heroic act”.
The family of Mr Cravitz – a security guard at the synagogue who was attending the service – said he would “do anything to help anyone”.
“He was so kind, caring and always wanted to chat and get to know people,” they said.
“He was devoted to his wife, family and loved his food. He will be sorely missed by his wife, family, friends and community.”
Image: Adrian Daulby. Pic: Family handout
The tributes came as police said three more people – a man and two women – had been arrested on suspicion of terror offences, bringing the total to six.
They also revealed the attacker had been on bail over a suspected rape, but wasn’t on the radar of counter-terror police.
The Independent Office for Police Conduct (IOPC) is investigating the shooting – standard practice when a member of the public is killed.
The investigation would include “whether police may have caused or contributed to the death” of Mr Daulby.
Sir Stephen Watson, the head of Greater Manchester police, confirmed Mr Daulby’s injury appeared to be “a tragic and unforeseen consequence of the urgently required action taken by my officers”.
‘Gentle giant’
Other relatives of Mr Cravitz told Sky News he was a “gentle giant” who “would never harm a fly”.
His cousin, Phil Bentley, said his death was even more tragic as he would never normally be at the synagogue that early.
Image: Melvin Cravitz. Pic: GMP
Hindi Cohen, a friend and neighbour, said he was a “lovely man” with a good sense of humour, adding: “Our kids loved him. He called himself uncle Melvin to my kids.”
One of Mr Daulby’s neighbours was also emphatic in his praise for a man he lived next door to for 20 years.
Abdul Rahimi called him “one of the best guys I’ve ever seen in my life” and a “very, very good man”, who often bought books and toys for children on their street.
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2:16
Synagogue attack victim was a ‘fantastic guy’
Another neighbour, Waqas Hussain, said the pair bonded over a shared love of nature, animals and birds.
He said Mr Daulby was a cancer survivor, who lived alone and started going to the synagogue more after his father died a few years ago.
“Just one of them people… so innocent, so approachable and so pure,” he told Sky News.
He said his friend hadn’t been fasting for health reasons and was debating whether or not to go the synagogue on Thursday.
Increased police patrols are being put in place near synagogues across the country following the atrocity.
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A vigil for the victims was also held in Manchester on Friday – but Deputy Prime Minister David Lammy walked out to shouts of “shame on you” and boos from a few in the crowd.
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8:09
Deputy PM heckled at vigil
“Go to Palestine but leave us alone,” one person shouted.
Another protester shouted “my children’s school was closed today – you allowed this to happen.”
Thirty-five-year-old Jihad al Shamie was named as the attacker on Thursday and is believed to be of Syrian descent.
He is understood to have been granted British citizenship when he was around 16, having entered the UK as a young child.
Police shot him dead seven minutes after the first emergency call as they feared he was wearing an explosive device – later identified as a fake.
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2:19
Timeline: How terror attack unfolded
Three men also remain in hospital after the attack, with two of them named as Yoni Finlay and Andrew Franks.
One suffered a stab wound, a second was hurt after being hit by a car that al Shamie is said to have driven towards the synagogue, and the third suffered a gunshot wound.
One of the injured victims was working for the Community Security Trust (CST), a charity which provides security to the Jewish community.
Its chief executive, Mark Gardner, said: “One of our CST personnel was seriously injured in yesterday’s terror attack at Heaton Park Synagogue.
“We pray for his continuing recovery and salute the courage of all those who helped stop the terrorist from getting into the shul.”
The Manchester synagogue attacker was a British citizen of Syrian descent who came to the UK as a small child and had not previously been on the radar of police or MI5.
Jihad al Shamie, 35, was shot dead by armed officers seven minutes after launching a car and knife attack while wearing what appeared to be a vest with an explosive device, which was later found to be fake.
Adrian Daulby, 53, and Melvin Cravitz, 66, were killed after he drove at people outside Heaton Park Hebrew Congregation Synagogue, in Crumpsall, before stabbing a man.
One of the victims killed in yesterday’s attack was shot mistakenly by officers during their attempts to bring the attacker under control, Greater Manchester Police believe.
Three others remain in hospital with serious injuries.
Three people – two men in their 30s and a woman in her 60s – have been arrested on suspicion of the preparation or commission of acts of terrorism.
More on Manchester Synagogue Attack
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0:43
Manchester attacker ‘did not stand out’
But Home Secretary Shabana Mahmood said it is “too early” to say if there was a terrorist cell behind the attack on Thursday morning, which took place on Yom Kippur, Judaism’s holiest day.
She said al Shamie, who is of Syrian descent, came to the UK as a “small child” and was naturalised as a British citizen in the mid-2000s.
The home secretary also said he was not known to the security services or police and had not been referred to the government’s Prevent anti-radicalisation scheme.
Asked about the attacker’s name on LBC, which presenter Nick Ferrari translated as “struggle of the Syrian”, she said: “I was very surprised to discover that name myself.
“Actually, as a Muslim, I’ve never heard someone being called Jihad, but it is the name that he was born with – that has always been his name.”
Image: Police presence at a property in Langley Crescent, Prestwich.
Pic: PA
Al Shamie is believed to have lived in a council house in a quiet cul-de-sac in Langley Crescent, Prestwich, around two miles from the scene.
Videos obtained by Sky News show armed police, with a dog and a chainsaw, raiding the address at around 3.30pm on Thursday.
In a post on Facebook, apparently from his family, his relatives said the attack “has been a profound shock to us”.
“The al Shamie family in the UK and abroad strongly condemns this heinous act, which targeted peaceful, innocent civilians,” they said.
“We fully distance ourselves from this attack and express our deep shock and sorrow over what has happened.
“Our hearts and thoughts are with the victims and their families, and we pray for their strength and comfort.”
Seen lifting weights
One of al Shamie’s neighbours said: “We used to see him out in the garden working out, doing weights, press-ups.
“He used to change his clothes. One day he would be wearing the full gown, to the floor and the next jeans and pyjama bottoms.”
Geoff Haliwell, 72, told Sky News the property used to be on his window cleaning round and he believed the al Shamie family, including his mother, father and brothers, had lived there for around 20 years.
“There’s no way I could’ve thought they were in any way involved in anything like this,” he said, describing the family as “nice people”.
He said he had also seen Jihad al Shamie use benches to work out and said he would sometimes wear western clothes and at other times “traditional” Syrian dress, but showed no signs of radicalisation.
“[He was a] smashing lad to talk to, just the same as everyone else. He didn’t stand out in any way,” he added.
Another neighbour, Kate McLeish, said she thought al Shamie was “an odd guy” and said he used to park his battered black Kia “quite badly on the road”.
The Syrian British Consortium, an organisation representing Syrians in the UK, said no one in its community networks has been able to identify him or confirm knowing him personally.
A couple who murdered their two-year-old grandson have been jailed for life.
Michael Ives, 47, and Kerry Ives, 46, were found guilty of his murder and cruelty to a child in July after a trial at Mold Crown Court.
They were jailed for minimum terms of 23 years and 17 years respectively.
Their grandson Ethan Ives-Griffiths was dangerously dehydrated, severely underweight and had 40 visible bruises or marks when he collapsed with a catastrophic head injury at his grandparents’ home in Flintshire, North Wales, on 14 August 2021.
Image: Kerry and Michael Ives were found guilty of Ethan’s murder. Pic: North Wales Police/PA
Ethan’s mother, Shannon Ives, 28, who had been staying with her son at her parents’ home, was found guilty of causing or allowing his death and child cruelty.
Image: Ethan’s mother Shannon Ives. Pic: North Wales Police/PA
The court heard Ethan was made to stand with his hands on his head as a punishment when he misbehaved.
CCTV footage shown to jurors during the trial showed Michael Ives carrying his grandson by the top of his arm in a way described by prosecutor Caroline Rees KC “as though Ethan was just a bag of rubbish to be slung out”.
The video, taken from the back garden of the family’s four-bedroom home, showed Ethan appearing unsteady on a trampoline, or lying down, while other children bounced.
Image: Michael Ives carrying Ethan outside the family home in Garden City, Deeside, Flintshire. Pic: North Wales Police/PA
Image: Michael Ives carrying Ethan in the back garden. Pic: North Wales Police
Michael Ives was seen to point a garden hose at him, placed the toddler’s hands on his head, and gestured to another child to punch him.
After watching the video in court, Michael Ives said he felt “ashamed” and admitted being cruel and neglectful but denied mistreating Ethan in other ways.
He said his daughter was “quick-tempered” and would slap Ethan a couple of times a day, but Shannon Ives claimed her parents were “horrible” and abused her as a child.
Image: Ethan Ives-Griffiths. Pic: North Wales Police/PA
Michael and Kerry Ives, originally from Wolverhampton, were in the living room with Ethan at the time of his collapse while his mother was on the phone upstairs.
The pair told the jury “nothing” had happened to the toddler before he fainted as they watched television.
Kerry Ives said she immediately called her daughter to come downstairs, but the court heard it was 18 minutes before she called emergency services.
Ethan was taken to the Countess of Chester Hospital and later transferred to Alder Hey Children’s Hospital in Liverpool, where he died two days later.
Image: Michael Ives being interviewed by police officers. Pic: North Wales Police/PA
Image: Kerry Ives being interviewed by police officers. Pic: North Wales Police/PA
He was found to have abdominal injuries likely to have been caused by blows in the days before his collapse, as well as bruises consistent with grip marks on his leg and face.
Experts said Ethan would have died of dehydration within days had he not suffered the head injury, and at the time of his death weighed just 10kg.
Ethan’s fatal head injury was said to have been caused by deliberate force or shaking, and occurred at the time, or in the minutes before, he collapsed.
Image: Ethan with his father Will Griffiths. Pic: North Wales Police/PA
Following the verdicts, Ethan’s father Will Griffiths said: “He will be remembered for the smiley, outgoing, loving child that he was. He can now rest in peace, knowing that justice has been served.”
Child protection register
The court heard the youngster had been placed on the child protection register, requiring him to be seen every 10 days.
But when Shannon Ives last saw her social worker, on 5 August 2021, she spoke to him on the doorstep and told him Ethan was having a nap.
No one answered the door when social worker Michael Cornish went to visit in the days before Ethan’s death and a scheduled appointment with a health visitor on 13 August was cancelled.