Talks are running right down to the wire at the COP27 climate summit, with host nation Egypt today extending the conference into Saturday in a bid to carve out a last-minute deal.
The Egyptian COP presidency came under fire for leaving it to the final day of the two weeks of negotiations to draft a pact, leaving little time for countries to sign it off.
Until late Thursday, countries were at loggerheads on the issue of who should pay for climate damage in vulnerable countries, such as typhoons dumping water on small islands or drought leaving people starving in east Africa.
Pakistan led the charge from developing nations for a dedicated pot of money, while the European Union pushed for an alternative patchwork of support.
But a surprise 11th-hour proposal from the EU attempted to break the deadlock, agreeing to meet in the middle with a new fund, but with two major amendments.
“I have to say, this is our final offer,” Frans Timmermans, EU climate chief, said on Friday morning.
The bloc says its tweaks will better target the fund to the most vulnerable countries, and draws in wider sources of funding than just state contributions, for example via levies on polluting industries like flying, shipping and fossil fuel production.
However Sherry Rehman told delegates the negotiating bloc of 77 countries and China that Pakistan chairs is refining its idea in response. They worry the broadened terms would allow historical polluters to hide from what they see as their moral duty to pay for the damage they have caused.
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The biggest historical emitter, the United States, which has long resisted demands of payments for climate damages, has remained tight-lipped about the EU’s proposal. But it did meet with its European and British counterparts today to discuss it.
The EU’s lead negotiator on payment for climate damages, Irish minister Eamon Ryan, said he believed the US’s climate envoy John Kerry was “pretty much in agreement on the nature of the outcomes”. The two powers had a “shared understanding… as to what needs to happen,” he told Sky News.
Image: Activists have been protesting outside the summit. Pic: AP
The EU would address a long-standing issue about China still being classed as a “developing” nation, by roping in major emitting, middle-income countries to pay into the fund too.
Whether the plan breaks the impasse in talks about a financial package, and therefore greases the wheels of negotiations on other areas like slashing pollution, will depend on how much support it can attract from vulnerable countries.
Most are still weighing it up, but some fear the narrowed eligibility would exclude many in desperate need.
“The fund shouldn’t be used as a poison pill to fix old divisions around expanding the donor base,” said Mohamed Adow, director of Power Shift Africa.
The beauty and the pain of a COP climate summit is it relies on consensus, meaning everyone has to sign off on the deal. It is down to Egypt as host to drive the process.
But in spite of the praised skilled and experience of its negotiators, the Egyptian presidency only produced a first draft of the deal on Friday morning, just hours before the summit was due to end.
It later confirmed talks would overrun into Saturday – something that has happened at many previous COPs, including in Glasgow.
“We’re following a very, very clear game plan,” Egypt’s special representative Wael Aboulmagd said in a delayed press conference, responding to a question from Sky News. The plan gives them “a little bit more influence on the product”, he argued.
The pact makes little progress on cutting climate-heating emissions – an issue important to both developed and very vulnerable countries like small island states, who fear they will go under if global heating is not limited to 1.5C above pre-industrial levels.
A suggestion by India to build on a previous pledge to “phase down coal” to all fossil fuels looks like it has not made the cut, and language about limiting warming to 1.5C remains vague.
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At least one person has died after a car was driven into a group of pedestrians in the western German city of Mannheim – with a large police operation under way.
Several people have been “seriously injured” after the black vehicle rammed into crowds, according to German police, with a witness telling Reuters they saw people lying on the ground and two being resuscitated.
A suspect has been taken into custody, police spokesperson Stefan Wilhelm added, warning people who live nearby to stay inside their homes.
Mr Wilhelm said that the “incident” unfolded on Monday at around 12.15pm local time in a pedestrianised part of Mannheim’s Paradeplatz area.
Image: Forensics officers examine the damaged car near Mannheim’s Rhine Bridge. Pic: DPA/AP
Image: Armed police examine the scene where the car was abandoned. Pic:DPA/AP
Image: Mannheim is around 50 miles south of Frankfurt
“We can confirm that one perpetrator was arrested,” he said. “We can’t yet give information on whether there were further perpetrators.”
A spokesman for the German interior ministry said: “The focus is now on saving lives, treating the injured and the initial investigations by the authorities in Mannheim.”
Armed police and forensic investigators were seen examining a black vehicle with smashed windows near the city’s Rhine bridge.
Image: Emergency services in the Paradeplatz area of Mannheim. Pic: AP
Image: Pic: DPA/AP
Image: Paradeplatz, Mannheim. Pic: Reuters
Image: Emergency services patrol the scene after the incident. Pic: Reuters
Image: Mannheim is around 50 miles south of Frankfurt
Police described it as “a life-threatening deployment situation”, saying in an initial statement: “Currently, a police operation is taking place in the city center of Mannheim, in the area of Wasserturm/Plankenkopf.
“Police and rescuers are on the way. Further information is not yet available. In this context, there may be temporary traffic disruptions in the inner city.”
An alert was issued on the Katwarn smartphone app – used in major emergencies – telling people in Mannheim to avoid the city centre due to a big police deployment.
Image: Police vehicles at the scene. Pic: Reuters
Mannheim University Hospital said it is prepared for a possible “mass casualty incident”, implementing its disaster and emergency plan, and increasing intensive care capacity, according to German news agency DPA.
A total of eight trauma teams have been made available – for both adults and children, according to the agency.
“Postponable operations that had not yet begun were immediately removed from the operation plan in order to create additional operating capacity,” the hospital said in a statement.
Image: Emergency workers stand by in Mannheim city centre. Pic: DPA/AP
Crowds have been gathering in cities across Germany, including its Rhineland region, for parades to mark the carnival season.
Police were on high alert after social media accounts connected to Islamic extremist groups called for attacks on events planned in Cologne and Nuremberg.
Interior minister Nancy Faeser said she cancelled her appearance at the Cologne parade due to the events in Mannheim.
Led by the UK and France, the initiative could see troops from a number of European and NATO countries deployed to Ukraine as peacekeepers in order to deter Vladimir Putin from rearming and attacking again in the future.
The countries committed to working together on this deal would form a “coalition of the willing”.
Countries in the coalition could end up sending soldiers to act as peacekeepers in Ukraine in the event of a ceasefire.
Military analyst Michael Clarke said: “It has to be a coalition of the willing because you have at least two NATO members – Slovakia and Hungary – who are vetoing anything that Putin would not like… it’s the same with the EU.”
This approach would allow NATO members to act in a group but not under the NATO umbrella, avoiding vetoes from member states who don’t approve or don’t wish to be involved.
Sir Keir’s choice of the term “coalition of the willing” is also interesting. It’s perhaps intended to remind an American audience of a previous use of the same phrase: when the UK, Poland and other countries joined the US invasion of Iraq.
Russia has so far rejected the idea of any NATO or European peacekeeping force in Ukraine.
Image: Map of military personnel by country, based on NATO estimates.
Who’s in?
Sir Keir is being “quite coy about who the willing are”, Prof Clarke said.
The initiative is being led by the UK and France, so it seems a safe bet that both countries would be involved in the coalition.
Both have powerful militaries and the two nations are also the only countries in Europe with nuclear weapons.
“The important thing is that Britain and France are going to lead it because they are the two most important military powers in Europe,” Prof Clarke told Sky News.
It is notable that France’s President Emmanuel Macron originally raised the possibility of French troops in Ukraine last year, when he refused to rule it out.
Image: An F-16 aircraft releases flares during a NATO exercise over Poland. Pic: Reuters
The Baltic states – Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia – are also likely to be involved, along with Finland, Prof Clarke says. All four countries are in NATO and share borders with Russia.
Italy could be involved too, Prof Clarke said, though Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni has clashed with Mr Macron over the idea last week.
Not in Europe but a NATO member, Canada seems another potential contributor to the coalition of the willing.
Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, when asked about a potential deployment of troops as part of a peacekeeping force, said yesterday: “Canada has looked at the ways it can best help and as I’ve said a few days ago, everything’s on the table.”
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3:52
The Ukraine summit: How the day unfolded
Who’s out?
Prof Clarke said Poland, Spain and Germany are not expected to send troops as peacekeepers, for different reasons.
Poland has one of the strongest militaries in Europe and aims to spend 4.7% of its GDP on defence this year, well above the NATO target.
But it also has a long border with Ukraine and Belarus and is concerned about its own security.
Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk last month said: “We do not plan to send Polish soldiers to the territory of Ukraine.”
“We will… give logistical and political support to the countries that will possibly want to provide such guarantees in the future, such physical guarantees.”
Image: Italy’s Giorgia Meloni has been critical of plans to send troops to Ukraine
Spain’s foreign minister Jose Manuel Albares said last month that it was “too early at the moment to talk about deploying troops in Ukraine”, in remarks quoted by AFP.
He added: “There is no peace at the moment, and the effort has to be to achieve it as soon as possible.”
Spain’s government has faced a number of crises at home and spends around 1.28% of GDP on defence, well below the NATO 2% target.
As the biggest economy in Europe, Germany is a crucial part of any united response to the Ukraine war.
But a new government has not yet been formed after last month’s elections.
Image: Incoming German Chancellor Friedrich Merz. Pic: Reuters
Outgoing Chancellor Olaf Scholz has previously ruled out sending German troops to Ukraine as peacekeepers.
While his government has provided substantial support to Ukraine since the full-scale invasion, he has been seen by some as hesitant – for example resisting calls to send the vaunted Taurus missiles to Kyiv.
Friedrich Merz, who is expected to replace him as chancellor once the new government is in place, has taken a harder line, including on pledging Taurus missiles, so it remains to be seen if his attitude on deploying troops will also deviate from his predecessor.
‘Coalition of the willing’ is a curious term to revive
The use of the term “coalition of the willing” to describe the nations that agree to support an international force to help protect any ceasefire deal in Ukraine is interesting and notable.
It could perhaps be an attempt by Sir Keir Starmer to appeal to an American audience as this was the phrase the United States used for its “coalition of the willing” to invade Iraq more than two decades ago.
That intervention ended in disaster, triggering a bloody insurgency and locking the US and its allies into a costly war, despite the successful toppling of Saddam Hussein.
But reviving the words “coalition of the willing” will – if nothing else – remind Washington that London was its biggest and strongest backer when it turned to allies to back its 2003 invasion.
What about America?
The elephant in the room is the biggest contributor to NATO: the US.
For example, of the 5,015 fighter and fighter ground-attack aircraft in NATO, 2,951 of them are from the US, and a further 1,108 are US-made, according to the International Institute for Strategic Studies thinktank.
And America’s military is not just the largest in the world, but its ability to support troops in the field in terms of logistics is very hard to replace.
The coalition of the willing initiative seems designed to show President Donald Trump that Europe is serious about shouldering the defence burden and taking on more responsibility for the defence of Ukraine.
It should be pointed out that while the US is the single biggest donor to Kyiv, Europe as a whole has pledged more, according to the Kiel Institute for the World Economy thinktank.
The hope seems to be that the coalition of the willing initiative would persuade the US as the world’s most powerful military to pledge support as a backstop, to underwrite the peace deal.
It’s unclear so far what Washington’s response will be, particularly after the fiery recent meeting between Mr Trump, vice president JD Vance and Mr Zelenskyy.
The world’s most prolific blood donor, whose plasma saved the lives of more than 2.4 million babies, has died in Australia.
James Harrison “generously” donated his plasma almost 1,200 times from 1954 until 2018 and was known as the “man with the golden arm”.
Described as a “humanitarian” who was “proud” to have saved so many lives, he died aged 88 at a nursing home, according to his family.
Born in New South Wales, Mr Harrison was “determined to give back” after receiving many lifesaving transfusions following lung surgery when he was 14.
His plasma was found to contain a rare antibody which was then used to develop medicine to prevent newborns dying from Rhesus disease.
The medicine, anti-D, is given to pregnant mothers whose rhesus negative blood is at risk of attacking the baby’s rhesus positive blood.
During more than 60 years of donating blood, Mr Harrison never missed an appointment, said Australian Red Cross Lifeblood – and he holds the Guinness World Record for the number of donations.
When he stopped donating in 2018 because he had passed the age limit, he said he would still give blood if he was allowed.
Australian Red Cross Lifeblood chief executive Stephen Cornelissen said Mr Harrison was “committed to a lifetime of giving”.
“It was James’ belief that his donations were no more important than any other donor’s and that everyone can be special in the same way that he was.”
He added: “James extended his arm to help others and babies he would never know a remarkable 1,173 times and expected nothing in return.”
Lifeblood said Mr Harrison’s blood “may continue to save lives” as researchers are working with his and other donors’ plasma to grow the rare antibody in laboratory conditions.