An aircraft engine has successfully been powered with hydrogen fuel in what is thought to be a world first, Rolls-Royce has said, in an attempt to reduce the enormous carbon footprint of flying.
The aerospace manufacturer and partner easyJet, the low-cost airline, say the ground test marks a “major step” towards proving that hydrogen could be used as a zero-carbon aviation fuel.
The trial took place at the Ministry of Defence’s Boscombe Down site in Amesbury, Wiltshire, using a converted Rolls-Royce AE 2100-A regional aircraft engine.
Flying dumps climate-heating gases and other pollutants into the air and is recognised as one of the hardest sectors to decarbonise.
A return flight from London to Barcelona releases around 350kg of carbon dioxide per passenger, while the same journey by train would emit around 18kg.
The two companies hope hydrogen can be used in a range of aircraft from the mid-2030s onwards.
EasyJet chief executive Johan Lundgren said the fuel offers “great possibilities for a range of aircraft, including easyJet-sized aircraft”, and could make a “huge step forward in meeting the challenge of net zero by 2050”.
More on Aviation
Related Topics:
Net zero means cutting emissions as much as possible and offsetting or compensating for the rest elsewhere. Scientists agree it is necessary to reach net zero by 2050 to stave off the worst impacts of climate breakdown.
Rolls-Royce chief technology officer Grazia Vittadini said: “We are pushing the boundaries to discover the zero carbon possibilities of hydrogen, which could help reshape the future of flight.”
Advertisement
A switch to hydrogen-powered engines would require a complete redesign of airframes and infrastructure at airports.
The only waste product from using hydrogen as a fuel is water. But green experts warn the hydrogen must be generated sustainably.
While so-called “green” hydrogen is made using renewable power with no emissions, other forms are made from natural gas and emit carbon dioxide in the production process.
The hydrogen in the test engine was produced using tidal and wind energy from the Orkney Islands.
Business secretary Grant Shapps said the UK is “leading the global shift to guilt-free flying”.
But Dr Arnold Gad-Briggs, who sits on the transport panel at the Institution of Engineering and Technology, said we are still “a long way from applying it to a real-life scenario, such as a flying testbed powered by hydrogen engines.”
“But moments like this create the building blocks to realise zero-emissions flying,” he added.
The partnership is planning further work before embarking on a ground test of a Rolls-Royce Pearl 15 engine, which is a model used to power business jets.
Other technologies in the mix to decarbonise flying include electric engines, which might eventually be able to power short flights, and sustainable aviation fuel (SAF).
SAF works in existing engines but is currently only produced in tiny amounts.
Watch the Daily Climate Show at 3.30pm Monday to Friday, and The Climate Show with Tom Heap on Saturday and Sunday at 3.30pm and 7.30pm.
All on Sky News, on the Sky News website and app, on YouTube and Twitter.
The show investigates how global warming is changing our landscape and highlights solutions to the crisis.
Poundland will halt rent payments at hundreds of its shops if a restructuring of the ailing discount retailer is approved by creditors later this summer.
Sky News has learnt that Poundland’s new owner, the investment firm Gordon Brothers, is proposing to halt all rent payments at so-called Category C shops across the country.
According to a letter sent to creditors in the last few days, roughly 250 shops have been classed as Category C sites, with rent payments “reduced to nil”.
Poundland will have the right to terminate leases with 30 days’ notice at roughly 70 of these loss-making stores – classed as C2 – after the restructuring plan is approved, and with 60 days’ notice at about 180 more C2 sites.
The plan also raises the prospect of landlords activating break clauses in their contracts at the earliest possible opportunity if they can secure alternative retail tenants.
In addition to the zero-rent proposal, hundreds of Poundland’s stores would see rent payments reduced by between 15% and 75% if the restructuring plan is approved.
The document leaves open the question of how many shops will ultimately close under its new owners.
More on Retail
Related Topics:
Follow The World
Listen to The World with Richard Engel and Yalda Hakim every Wednesday
A convening hearing has been scheduled for next month, while a sanction hearing, at which creditors will vote on the plan, is due to occur on or around August 26, according to one source.
The discounter was sold last week for a nominal sum to Gordon Brothers, the former owner of Laura Ashley, amid mounting losses suffered by its Warsaw-listed owner, Pepco Group.
The UK’s cost of living crisis hangover is facing fresh pressure from the Israel-Iran conflict and growing tensions across the Middle East.
Whenever the region, particularly a major oil-producing country, is embroiled in some kind of fracas, the potential consequences are first seen in global oil prices.
The Middle East accounts for a third of world output.
Iran’s share of the total is only about 3%, but it is the second-largest supplier of natural gas.
Add to that its control of the key Strait of Hormuz shipping route, and you can understand why any military action involving Iran has huge implications for the global economy at a time when a US-inspired global trade war is already playing out.
What’s happened to oil prices?
Global oil prices jumped by up to 13% on Friday as the Israel-Iran conflict ramped up.
It was the biggest one-day leap seen since Russia invaded Ukraine in February 2022, which gave birth to the energy-driven cost-of-living crisis.
From lows of $64 (£47) a barrel for Brent crude, the international benchmark, earlier this month, the cost is currently 15% higher.
Iran ships all its oil to China because of Western sanctions, so the world’s second-largest economy would have the most to lose in the event of disruption.
Should that happen, China would need to replace that oil by buying elsewhere on the international market, threatening higher prices.
Please use Chrome browser for a more accessible video player
1:42
How the Middle East conflict escalated
How are natural gas prices holding up?
UK day-ahead prices are 15% up over the past week alone.
Europe is more dependent on Middle East liquefied natural gas (LNG) these days because of sanctions against Russia.
The UK is particularly exposed due to the fact that we have low storage capacity and rely so much on gas-fired power to keep the lights on and for heating.
The day-ahead price, measured in pence per therm (I won’t go into that), is at 93p on Monday.
It sounds rather meaningless until you compare it with the price seen less than a week ago – 81p.
The higher sum was last seen over the winter – when demand is at its strongest.
Please use Chrome browser for a more accessible video player
0:18
Aftermath of Iranian missile strike in northern Israel
What are the risks to these prices?
Market experts say Brent crude would easily exceed $100 (£74) a barrel in the event of any Iranian threats to supplies through the Strait of Hormuz – the 30-mile wide shipping lane controlled by both Iran and Oman.
While Iran has a history of disrupting trade, analysts believe it will not want to risk its oil and gas income through any blockade.
What do these price increases mean for the UK?
There are implications for the whole economy at a time when the chancellor can least afford it, as she bets big on public sector-led growth for the economy.
We can expect higher oil, gas and fuel costs to be passed on down supply chains – from the refinery and factory – to the end user, consumers. It could affect anything from foodstuffs to even fake tan.
Increases at the pumps are usually the first to appear – probably within the next 10 days. Prices are always quick to rise and slow to reflect easing wholesale costs.
Energy bills will also take in the gas spike, particularly if the wholesale price rises are sustained.
The energy price cap from September – and new fixed-term price deals – will first reflect these increases.
But energy price rises are an inflation risk and a potential threat to future interest rate cuts.
While LSEG data shows financial markets continuing to expect a further two interest rate cuts by the Bank of England this year, the rate-setting committee will be reluctant to cut if the pace of price growth is led higher than had been expected.
At a time when employers are grappling with higher taxes and minimum pay thresholds, and consumers a surge in bills following the ‘awful April’ hikes to council tax, water and other essentials, a fresh energy-linked inflation spike is the last thing anyone needs.
The cost of rural crime in Wales is at its highest in more than a decade, a new report has revealed.
Last year, rural crime cost an estimated £2.8m in Wales, according to insurance provider NFU Mutual.
That’s an 18% increase on the previous year, with Wales the only UK nation to have seen a rise.
For farmers like Caryl Davies, that makes their work harder.
The 21-year-old farms on a beef and sheep farm in Pembrokeshire.
She told Sky News that having the quad bike stolen from her family farm last August had made them feel “really unsafe at home”.
Image: Caryl Davies farms in North Pembrokeshire
The fact it happened in such a rural area was a “really big shock” for Ms Davies and her family.
More on Farming
Related Topics:
“We’d rely on the bike day in day out, to look after our cows and sheep, and it’s had a really negative impact on us,” she said.
The cost of replacing a bike exactly like theirs would be “close to £10,000”.
“They’re a really expensive piece of kit, but you can’t be without them, especially in these rural areas where we’ve got the mountain and maybe places that aren’t very accessible,” she added.
“The bike is totally crucial for our day-to-day running of the farm.”
Image: Caryl Davies
The incident was caught on camera in the calving shed, but the Davies family have since invested in an enhanced CCTV system. That comes at an additional cost.
“For some farmers, this is spare money that we haven’t really got,” Ms Davies added.
“Farming is hard enough as it is, without people stealing your things and having to spend this extra money on making your home farm safe.”
The total cost of rural crime across the UK has fallen since 2023 – down from £52.8m to £44.1m.
Quad bike and All Terrain Vehicles (ATVs) remained the top target for thieves during the past year, NFU Mutual’s figures show.
James Bourne farms in Pontypool, Torfaen, and claims to have had over 200 sheep stolen from common land adjoining his farm over a four-year period.
The 32-year-old told Sky News that losing sheep from his herd was a “big hit” on his business as well as the young family he is trying to support.
“The way agriculture is at the moment anyway, we’re struggling to make ends meet, and any profit that is in it is obviously being taken from me,” he said.
“So I really need to try and find out and get to the bottom of where they’re going because obviously it’s an ongoing issue.”
Image: James Bourne
Andrew Chalk, from NFU Mutual, told Sky News that while there had been a “significant drop” across the UK, there were “worrying signs”.
“In Wales,especially, rural crime’s gone up which just shows that organised criminals are looking for ways to target the countryside again and again,” he said.
“What we’ve found increasingly is that organised criminals are targeting certain areas of the countryside, so they’re hitting multiple farms in one night.
“They’re raiding them, they’re moving away to another area and then hitting multiple farms there. So it is hugely concerning.”
Image: Andrew Chalk
Mr Chalk said NFU Mutual had also heard reports of criminals using drones and other equipment to “look at the lay of the land”.
“What it does show is that organised criminals are always going to find new ways to target rural crime and that’s why we need to be on top of it and to work together to actually disrupt them,” he added.
Police forces in Wales say they are aware of the “significant impact” that rural crimes have on those affected.
A Dyfed-Powys Police spokesperson said the force had acquired new technology to help combat rural crime, including “advanced DNA asset-marking kits” and hopes to “empower farmers with effective tools and advice”.
The spokesperson acknowledged the difficulty of patrolling the entire police force area, “given the huge area” it has to cover, and thanked rural communities for their “continuing vigilance and for reporting any suspicious activity”.
Temporary Chief Superintendent Jason White, from Gwent Police, said the force would be “increasing resources” within the rural crime team throughout this financial year and urged anyone in a rural area who believes they have been a victim of crime to get in touch.