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After years of seemingly boundless expansion, the U.S. tech industry has hit a wall. Companies are in cash preservation mode, leading to thousands of job cuts a month and a surge of layoffs in November.

While the sudden loss of a paycheck can be devastating for anyone, especially during the holiday season, the recent wave of reductions is having an outsized impact on skilled workers who are living in the U.S. on temporary visas and are at risk of being sent home if they can’t secure a new job in short order.

Tech companies are among the employers with the most approvals for H-1B visas, which are granted to people in specialty occupations that often require a college degree and extra training. Silicon Valley has for years leaned on temporary visas issued by the government to employ thousands of foreign workers in technical fields such as engineering, biotech and computer science. That’s a big reason tech companies have been outspoken in their defense of immigrants’ rights.

Workers on temporary visas often have 60 to 90 days to find a new gig so they can avoid being deported.

“It’s this amazing talent pool that the U.S. is fortunate to attract, and they’re always living on the edge,” said Sophie Alcorn, an immigration lawyer based in Mountain View, California, who specializes in securing visas for tech workers. “Many of them up are up against this 60-day grace period deadline. They have a chance to find a new job to sponsor them, and if they can’t do that, they have to leave the U.S. So it’s a stressful time for everybody.”

The already grim situation worsened in November, when Meta, Amazon, Twitter, Lyft, Salesforce, HP and DoorDash announced significant cuts to their workforces. More than 50,000 tech workers were let go from their jobs in November, according to data collected by the website Layoffs.fyi.

Amazon gave staffers who were laid off 60 days to search for a new role inside the company, after which they’d be offered severance, according to a former Amazon Web Services employee who lost his job. The person spoke to CNBC on the condition of anonymity.

In fiscal 2021, Amazon had the most approved petitions for H-1B visas, with 6,182, according to a National Foundation for American Policy review of U.S. immigration data. Google, IBM and Microsoft also ranked near the top of the list.

The former AWS employee has been in the country for two years on student and employment visas. He said he was unexpectedly laid off at the beginning of November, just months after joining the company as an engineer. Despite Amazon informing him that he had 60 days to find another position internally, the person said his manager advised him to apply for jobs elsewhere due the company’s pullback in hiring. Amazon said in November it’s pausing hiring for its corporate workforce.

An Amazon spokesperson didn’t provide a comment beyond what CEO Andy Jassy said last month, when he told those affected by the layoffs that the company would help them find new roles.

Companies generally aren’t specifying what percentage of the people being laid off are on visas. A search for “layoffs H1B” on LinkedIn surfaces a stream of posts from workers who recently lost their jobs and are expressing concern about the 60-day unemployment window. Visa holders have been sharing resources on Discord servers, the anonymous professional network Blind and in WhatsApp groups, the former AWS employee said.

It had already been a frenetic few years for foreign workers in the U.S. well before surging inflation and concerns of a recession sparked the latest round of job cuts.

The Trump administration’s hostile posture toward immigration put the H-1B program at risk. As president in 2020, Donald Trump signed an executive order suspending work visas, including those with H-1B status, claiming they hurt employment prospects for Americans. The move drew a strong rebuke from tech executives, who said the program serves as a pipeline for talented individuals and strengthens American companies. President Joe Biden allowed the Trump-era ban to expire last year.

Whatever relief the Biden presidency provided is of limited value to those who are now jobless. An engineer who was recently laid off by gene-sequencing technology company Illumina said he hoped his employer would sponsor his transfer to an H-1B visa. He’s here on a different visa, known as Optional Practical Training (OPT), which allows graduates in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) to work in the U.S. for up to three years after graduation.

The former Illumina employee, who spoke on condition that he not be named, not only has to find a new job within 90 days from the layoff date, but his OPT visa expires in August. Any company that hires him must be willing to sponsor his visa transfer and pay the related fees. He’s considering going back to school in order to extend his stay in the U.S., but he’s anxious about taking on student loans.

Illumina said in November it was cutting about 5% of its global workforce. A company spokesperson told CNBC that less than 10% of impacted employees were here on H-1B or related visas.

“We are engaging with each employee individually so that they understand the impact to their employment eligibility and options to remain in the U.S.,” the spokesperson said by email. “We are working to review each and every situation to ensure great care for those impacted, and to ensure compliance with immigration law.”

The ex-employee said he had dreams of working for Illumina, planting roots in the U.S. and buying a house. Now, he said, he’s just trying to find a way to stay in the country without going deep into debt. In just a matter of months, it’s “like a night and day difference,” he said.

WATCH: Tech layoffs double from October to November

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Hinge founder leaves CEO role to launch AI-powered dating startup

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Hinge founder leaves CEO role to launch AI-powered dating startup

Justin McLeod speaks during the Fast Company Innovation Festival 2025 on Sept. 18, 2025 in New York City.

Eugene Gologursky | Getty Images

Hinge founder Justin McLeod is stepping down as CEO of the dating app to launch a dating service powered by artificial intelligence.

McLeod will be replaced by Jackie Jantos, the dating app’s president and chief marketing officer, Hinge parent company Match Group announced on Tuesday.

“The company’s momentum, including being on track to reach $1 billion in revenue by 2027, gives me full confidence in where Hinge is headed,” said McLeod in a statement. He created the dating app in 2011.

McLeod will remain as an advisor to Hinge through March. Overtone, his new venture, will use AI and voice tools to “help people connect in a more thoughtful and personal way,” according to the announcement.

Along with a dedicated team, McLeod spent much of this year developing the startup with support from Match Group, which said it plans to lead Overtone’s initial funding round in early 2026.

Match Group, which also owns Tinder and various other dating apps, will hold a significant ownership position in Overtone. Match Group CEO Spencer Rascoff will join Overtone’s board.

“We’re proud to have incubated Overtone within Hinge and to now lead its funding round as he builds his next venture,” Rascoff said in a statement.

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Oracle’s AI-fueled debt load has investors on edge ahead of quarterly earnings

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Oracle's AI-fueled debt load has investors on edge ahead of quarterly earnings

Oracle CEOs Clay Magouyrk and Mike Sicilia sit down with CNBC’s David Faber on Oct. 13, 2025.

CNBC

It’s been a rollercoaster year for Oracle investors, as they try to assess the strength of the software giant’s position in the artificial intelligence boom.

The stock is up more than 30% for the year even after a 23% plunge in October, which was its worst month since 2001. It’s recovered a bit in November, climbing almost 10% for the month as of Tuesday.

Heading into the company’s fiscal second-quarter earnings report on Wednesday, pressure is building on management — and newly installed CEOs Clay Magouyrk and Mike Sicilia — to show that Oracle can continue to finance the company’s aggressive infrastructure plans while simultaneously convincing Wall Street that the AI-fueled hypergrowth story remains intact.

In recent months, Oracle has emerged as a more central player in AI, largely due to a $300 billion deal with OpenAI, which came to light in September, an agreement that involves the AI startup buying computing power over about five years, starting in 2027.

Funding Oracle’s compute buildout is going to require mounds of debt. In late September, Oracle raised $18 billion in a jumbo bond sale, one of the largest debt issuances on record in the tech industry, and the company is now the biggest issuer of investment grade debt among non-financial firms, according to Citi.

“There is something inherently uncomfortable as a credit investor about the transformation of the sort we’re facing that is going to require an enormous amount of capital,” Daniel Sorid, head of U.S. investment grade credit strategy at Citi, said on a video call to investors on Friday, a replay of which was provided to reporters.

Oracle's new capacity lags behind competitors, says Rothschild's Haissl

Oracle has secured billions of dollars of construction loans through a consortium of banks tied to data centers in New Mexico and Wisconsin. Citi analyst Tyler Radke estimates Oracle will raise roughly $20 billion to $30 billion in debt every year for the next three years.

As of August, the company’s combined short-term and long-term debt, which includes lease obligations, sat at $111.6 billion, up from $84.5 billion a year earlier, according to FactSet, while cash and equivalents slipped over that stretch to $10.45 billion from $10.6 billion.

As Oracle aims to build out sufficient capacity to meet the rising demand its seeing from customers like OpenAI, the street is questioning whether company will tap sources other than the debt market.

“Oracle will be looking at all options out there — off-balance sheet facilities, raising debt, issuing equity or perhaps exploring interest from a foreign investor, i.e. a sovereign wealth fund,” said Rishi Jaluria, a software analyst at RBC Capital Markets, in an interview. Jaluria recommends holding the stock.

A credit investor who spoke to CNBC highlighted Meta’s $27 billion deal with Blue Owl Capital, a joint venture between the two entities, as one type of financing arrangement being used for AI data center development.

The market is also debating whether Oracle can use vendor financing options to reduce the amount of upfront capital required to stand up data centers, including securing favorable financing terms with suppliers like Nvidia, a credit investor told CNBC. However in that scenario, Nvidia’s chips would be used as collateral, raisings concerns around GPU depreciation.

An Oracle spokesperson declined to comment.

Growing skepticism

The discomfort that Sorid referenced has driven Oracle’s 5-year credit default swaps to new multi-year highs. Credit default swaps are like insurance for investors, with buyers paying for protection in case the borrower can’t repay its debt. Bond investors told CNBC that they’ve become a popular way to hedge the risk tied to the AI trade.

Credit analysts at Barclays and Morgan Stanley are recommending clients buy Oracle’s 5-year CDS. Andrew Keches, an analyst at Barclays, told analysts in a note last month that he didn’t see an avenue for Oracle’s credit trajectory to improve. And in late November, Morgan Stanley analysts said Oracle’s CDS had attracted not just typical credit investors but “tourists” who have less experience with this type of financial instrument.

Spools of electrical wires outside a series of assembly tents during a media tour of the Stargate AI data center in Abilene, Texas, US, on Tuesday, Sept. 23, 2025. Stargate is a collaboration of OpenAI, Oracle and SoftBank, with promotional support from President Donald Trump, to build data centers and other infrastructure for artificial intelligence throughout the US.

Kyle Grillot | Bloomberg | Getty Images

Oracle’s revenue growth and backlog of business will be closely monitored as investors try to gauge whether the company’s spending plans are justified. Analysts expect to see revenue growth in the latest quarter of 15% to $16.2 billion, according to StreetAccount.

Remaining performance obligations, a measure of contracted revenue that hasn’t yet been recognized, are expected to surpass $500 billion, StreetAccount says, which would mark a more than fivefold increase from a year earlier. Oracle’s disclosure in September that RPOs jumped 359% to $455 billion sent the company’s stock up 36%, its best single-day performance since 1992.

Since then, the stock has wiped out all of those gains and then some.

Gil Luria, an analyst at D.A. Davidson, said that beyond infrastructure, he’ll be closely watching Oracle’s core database business, which is a source of much higher margins. That will help determine how much flexibility the company has in going to the capital markets, he said.

“Oracle can handle the debt load,” said Luria, who recommends holding the stock. “But they need more cash flow to raise more capital from here.”

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Teachers’ union AFT slams crypto market bill, warns of ‘profound risks’ for America’s retirement plans

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Teachers' union AFT slams crypto market bill, warns of 'profound risks' for America's retirement plans

Sen. Gillibrand says 'nothing is holding up' progress on crypto market regulation: CNBC Crypto World

The American Federation of Teachers, the powerful labor union that represents 1.8 million members, is urging the Senate Banking Committee to reconsider its crypto market structure bill, the Responsible Financial Innovation Act, calling the proposed legislation “as irresponsible as it is reckless” in a letter exclusively obtained by CNBC.

In the letter that AFT president Randi Weingarten sent to Senate Banking Committee Chairman Tim Scott (R-SC) and Ranking Member Elizabeth Warren (D-Mass.), she wrote the union opposes the bill based on the “profound risks to the pensions of working families and the overall stability of the economy.”

“The legislation on crypto we have seen weighed by the committee over the last few months gives us deep concern,” Weingarten added.

The AFT is concerned that in passing crypto legislation, the government will open the floodgates to widespread fraud and unethical practices across retirement plans including AFT pensions.

“This legislation pretends that crypto assets are stable and mainstream, and they are not. Rather than just being silent on crypto, this bill strips the few safeguards that exist for crypto and erodes many protections for traditional securities. If passed, it will undercut the safety of many assets and cause problems across retirement investments,” Weingarten wrote.

A specific issue the AFT cited with the proposed legislation it allowing non-crypto companies to put their stock on the blockchain and evade existing securities regulatory framework. Wall Street has become interested in the idea of “tokenization” of all financial assets, with Larry Fink, CEO of BlackRock, the largest asset manager in the world, a leader evangelist for the concept.

“This loophole and the erosion of traditional securities law will have disastrous consequences: Pensions and 401(k) plans will end up having unsafe assets even if they were invested in traditional securities,” Weingarten wrote.

She argued that the legislation being considered by the committee also does little to curb fraud, illegal activity and corruption that continues to be prevalent in crypto markets. Weingarten called the legislation “irresponsible” and “reckless.”

“We believe that if enacted, this bill has the potential to lay the groundwork for the next financial crisis,” she wrote.

NEW YORK, NEW YORK – AUGUST 28: Randi Weingarten, president of the American Federation of Teachers (AFT), speaks during the March on Wall Street on August 28, 2025 in New York City.

Michael M. Santiago | Getty Images News | Getty Images

The AFL-CIO, the nation’s largest labor union, stated its opposition to the Senate Banking Committee over a draft of the crypto bill in October.

CNBC also confirmed that on Thursday, the CEOs of Bank of America, Citi and Wells Fargo, will be meeting with lawmakers to discuss the crypto market structure proposals.

The currently proposed legislation, which builds on a bill that passed the House of Representatives over the summer, is co-sponsored by key crypto backer Senator Cynthia Lummis (R-Wyoming) and Senator Bernie Moreno (R-Ohio), alongside Chairman Scott. It aims to create structure for regulating digital assets, but also raises questions about tokenized securities that are not specifically cryptocurrencies.

Tokenization has been a key concern as the bill has gained momentum on Capitol Hill, and a hurdle to getting the support from Democrats that will be needed for passage. Previous CNBC reporting indicates that the Senate backers will need to attract votes from at least seven Democrats for the legislation to pass. At last week’s CNBC CFO Council Summit in Washington, D.C., Senator Mark Warner (D-Va.) told attendees, “I’m in crypto hell at this moment trying to get the market structure bill done.”

Warner is among a group of Democratic senators who met on Monday to review the Senate Banking draft and consider counter-offers, according to Politico.

Many Democrats, including Warren, have also been concerned about the balance of crypto regulatory oversight between the CFTC and the Securities and Exchange Commission. States, meanwhile, worry that their laws may be preempted by a new federal law, and the states left powerless to protect residents from fraud, a concern outlined by Massachusetts’ Secretary of State William Galvin in a letter to Senate Banking, writing that the “sweeping provisions that will exclude significant portions of the financial industry from state oversight. This is a recipe for disaster for millions of savers.”

Progress on the Senate’s version of a crypto market structure bill was stalled for weeks due to the longest government shutdown in U.S. history. Speaking on Tuesday morning at The Blockchain Association Policy Summit in Washington, D.C., Senator Lummis provided some insight into when the Senate’s version of a crypto market structure bill could be expected. She said her goal is to share a draft by the end of the week, then let the crypto industry as well as Republicans and Democrats vet it and proceed to markup next week.

CFTC announces listed spot crypto trading on U.S. regulated exchanges: CNBC Crypto World

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