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Bulgaria has been accused of shooting a refugee after a new video emerged showing a young Syrian man being fired at on the border with Turkey.

It is the first footage of an asylum seeker being hit with live ammunition on the EU border.

It follows a joint investigation by Sky News, Lighthouse Reports, The Times, Le Monde, ARD Studio Wien, Domani and RFE/RL Bulgaria.

Footage taken on 3 October near the Bulgarian-Turkish border fence shows 19-year-old Abdullah El Rustum fall to the ground after a bullet goes through his hand and into his chest.

He has claimed he was shot by Bulgarian border officials after they caught his group illegally entering the country and pushed them back to Turkey.

“A green vehicle showed up with two Bulgarian officers in it. It came towards us and [they] started shooting in the air. They shot twice in the air and after that, they started shooting right in front of us on the ground,” he said.

“We didn’t get scared still and continued to argue this is not acceptable. ‘Why did you do this?’ After that, they hit me by shooting me directly,”

He added: “The way that he shot at me was a direct way and he intended to kill me.”

Bulgaria is part of the European Union and hopes to get membership of the Schengen area, which allows people to move freely across borders within it.

The country is often used as a gateway to get to other European countries.

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Mr El Rustum claims he was shot by Bulgarian border officials

Women searched in ‘sexual’ manner

Mr El Rustum claims an argument broke out after border officials searched women in the group in a “sexual” manner.

Mobile phone footage shows the group of asylum seekers throwing stones at the border fence from the Turkish side and swearing.

The tension then rises and a loud bang suddenly resounds through the forest.

A Land Rovery Discovery is seen in the mobile phone footage. We know these are used by the Bulgarian border forces
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A Land Rover Discovery can be seen in the mobile phone footage, which the Bulgarian border forces are known to use

The person shooting cannot be clearly seen, but it is known that as well as the refugees, the Bulgarian border forces were on the scene.

As part of the investigation, the footage was sent for analysis to Steven Beck, an audio forensic expert.

He analysed the waveform and spectre of the file and found that they were consistent with a muzzle blast from a small firearm fired in the direction of the person recording.

The audio waveform of the gunshot were consistent with a muzzle blast from a small firearm. Picture - Beck Audio Forensics
Image:
The audio waveform of the gunshot were consistent with a muzzle blast from a small firearm. Pic: Beck Audio Forensics

Refugees ‘threw stones’

In the video, the person filming is facing towards the Bulgarian border.

Photos provided by the Bulgarian interior ministry show damage they say was caused by the stones thrown by the refugees.

According to its statement, a border policeman of the Sredets Border Police Station was injured by a stone.

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Bulgaria released images of damage they say was caused by stones thrown by refugees

The government says that the group burnt objects, and was hostile and aggressive.

It says an investigation was carried out and found “no shots were fired from our side”.

Illegal migration is a massive problem for Bulgaria.

Image:
Bulgaria claim a border policeman of the Sredets Border Police Station was injured by a stone thrown

Read more on Sky News:
Braverman vows to do ‘whatever it takes’ to tackle Channel crossings
Albanians ‘should be barred’ from claiming UK asylum

From the start of the year to 27 November, 153,460 people attempted to cross the Bulgarian-Turkish border, more than four times higher than in the period last year, according to official figures.

“Aggression by third-country nationals against GDBP [General Directorate Border Police] officers has increased significantly in recent times”, the Bulgarian interior ministry has claimed, adding that border guards at the fence were attacked with stones and flammable objects, injuring colleagues and damaging property.

According to the statement, two interior ministry officers recently died while trying to stop a bus with illegal migrants in the city of Burgas.

‘Disturbing pattern of threats’

The surge in illegal immigration has also raised concerns about people being unlawfully pushed back.

Earlier this year, the United Nations’ refugee chief warned of a “disturbing pattern of threats, intimidation, violence” on the EU’s central and southeastern borders.

Pushbacks “entail a variety of state measures aimed at forcing refugees and migrants out of their territory while obstructing access to applicable legal and procedural frameworks”, according to the European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights.

We travelled to the area near where Mr El Rustum was shot to try to find people crossing to Bulgaria.

It wasn’t long before we saw signs of asylum seekers on the move.

We found patches of ground littered with bottles, energy drinks, clothes and some Syrian snacks, makeshift rest areas before the long journey through the dense forests ahead.

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Refugees allegedly threw stones at a Bulgarian Border Force vehicle

‘It’s better than being dead’

We stumbled upon a terrified group of Syrians who told us they were hoping for new futures in Europe as they fled the war at home.

After gaining their trust they told us their stories.

A 15-year-old showed us scars on his side and head that he said he got from being beaten by Bulgarian authorities on a failed crossing. This was his eighth attempt.

“One time we crossed the fence, and the Bulgarian police arrested us and started hitting us”, he said.

“They released dogs on us and then sent us back naked just wearing shorts.”

He claimed he saw someone shot in the leg by Bulgarian authorities two weeks ago after they tried to escape. Others in the group talked of systematic abuse.

A man named Kenan said once he was in a group that was arrested and taken by car to a forest.

“They put us in a hut and undressed us. Then they left us with a dog.”

We asked whether he was frightened of further violence on his next attempt.

“It is better than death. It’s better than death,” he said, referencing the fighting back in Syria.

Image:
Kenan said once he was in a group that was arrested and taken by car to a forest

‘More must be done’

And that’s the reality – fleeing war at home, most will risk beatings abroad.

The European Commission told Sky News that all border management must be rooted in respecting human dignity and the principle of non-refoulement.

Any allegations of violence or pushbacks are meant to be investigated by national authorities, according to Anitta Hipper, the EU Commission spokesperson for home affairs.

At a meeting at the end of November, EU home affairs ministers discussed the situation along all migratory routes and the challenges posed.

“In the past years, we have taken a number of measures to jointly address the migratory challenges we face”, Vit Rakusan, the Czech interior minister, representing the EU Council presidency, said.

“However, more can and must be done to find more sustainable solutions and adapt to the ever-evolving situation.”

The Bulgarian government denies the allegations, saying it follows international and domestic laws, adding aggression against border officials is increasing.

“Bulgarian security forces, with the help of Frontex, are on the front line every day to protect all European citizens,” the interior ministry said.

But the accusations are disturbing – threats, violence and intimidation routinely wielded on the edge of Europe.

Additional reporting by Dorothee Thiesing, Europe producer, and Adam Parker, OSINT editor.

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Trump’s pride vs Putin’s legacy: What to expect from pivotal Ukraine summit

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Trump's pride vs Putin's legacy: What to expect from pivotal Ukraine summit

Donald Trump and Vladimir Putin will meet for the first time in six years on Friday, with a possible deal to end the Ukraine war on the agenda.

Mr Trump has threatened “very severe consequences” if his Russian counterpart doesn’t agree to a ceasefire at the summit, being hosted at a remote US army base in snowy Anchorage, Alaska.

Follow latest updates from Ukraine war

But there are fears they will discuss a deal robbing Ukraine of the land currently occupied by Russia – something Volodymyr Zelenskyy has said he won’t accept.

Here’s what three of our correspondents think ahead of the much-anticipated face-to-face.

Putin’s legacy is at stake – he’ll want territory and more
By Ivor Bennett, Moscow correspondent

Putin doesn’t just want victory. He needs it.

Three and a half years after he ordered the invasion of Ukraine, this war has to end in a visible win for the Russian president. It can’t have been for nothing. His legacy is at stake.

So the only deal I think he’ll be willing to accept at Friday’s summit is one that secures Moscow’s goals.

These include territory (full control of the four Ukrainian regions which Russia has already claimed), permanent neutrality for Kyiv and limits on its armed forces.

I expect he’ll be trying to convince Trump that such a deal is the quickest path to peace. The only alternative, in Russia’s eyes, is an outright triumph on the battlefield.

Vladimir Putin and Donald Trump meeting in Osaka in 2019
Image:
Vladimir Putin and Donald Trump meeting in Osaka in 2019

I think Putin‘s hope is that the American president agrees with this view and then gives Ukraine a choice: accept our terms or go it alone without US support.

A deal like that might not be possible this week, but it may be in the future if Putin can give Trump something in return.

That’s why there’s been lots of talk from Moscow this week about all the lucrative business deals that can come from better US-Russia relations.

The Kremlin will want to use this opportunity to remind the White House of what else it can offer, apart from an end to the fighting.

Read more:
What could Ukraine be asked to give up?
Trump-Putin summit starting to feel quite ‘Midnight Sun’

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What will Kyiv be asked to give up?

Ukraine would rather this summit not be happening
By Dominic Waghorn
, international affairs editor

Ukraine would far rather this meeting wasn’t happening.

Trump seemed to have lost patience with Putin and was about to hit Russia with more severe sanctions until he was distracted by the Russian leader’s suggestion that they meet.

Ukrainians say the Alaska summit rewards Putin by putting him back on the world stage.

But the meeting is happening, and they have to be realistic.

Most of all, they want a ceasefire before any negotiations can happen. Then they want the promise of security guarantees.

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Does Europe have any power over Ukraine’s future?

That is because they know that Putin may well come back for more even if peace does break out. They need to be able to defend themselves should that happen.

And they want the promise of reparations to rebuild their country, devastated by Putin’s wanton, unprovoked act of aggression.

There are billions of Russian roubles and assets frozen across the West. They want them released and sent their way.

What they fear is Trump being hoodwinked by Putin with the lure of profit from US-Russian relations being restored, regardless of Ukraine’s fate.

US Army paratroopers train at the military base where discussions will take place. File pic: Reuters
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US Army paratroopers train at the military base where discussions will take place. File pic: Reuters

That would allow Russia to regain its strength, rearm and prepare for another round of fighting in a few years’ time.

Trump and his golf buddy-turned-negotiator Steve Witkoff appear to believe Putin might be satisfied with keeping some of the land he has taken by force.

Putin says he wants much more than that. He wants Ukraine to cease to exist as a country separate from Russia.

Any agreement short of that is only likely to be temporary.

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Zelenskyy: I told Trump ‘Putin is bluffing’

Trump’s pride on the line – he has a reputation to restore
By
Martha Kelner, US correspondent

As with anything Donald Trump does, he already has a picture in his mind.

The image of Trump shaking hands with the ultimate strongman leader, Vladimir Putin, on US soil calls to his vanity and love of an attention-grabbing moment.

There is also pride at stake.

Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson in Alaska, where Trump will meet his Russian counterpart. File pic: Reuters
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Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson in Alaska, where Trump will meet his Russian counterpart. File pic: Reuters

Trump campaigned saying he would end the Russia-Ukraine war on his first day in office, so there is an element of him wanting to follow through on that promise to voters, even though it’s taken him 200-plus days in office and all he’s got so far is this meeting, without apparently any concessions on Putin’s end.

In Trump’s mind – and in the minds of many of his supporters – he is the master negotiator, the chief dealmaker, and he wants to bolster that reputation.

He is keen to further the notion that he negotiates in a different, more straightforward way than his predecessors and that it is paying dividends.

So far, despite sanctions on Russia, despite warnings and deadlines, the situation in Ukraine is only getting worse.

He’s hoping that this meeting, simply the act of sitting down with Putin, can change the tide.

The Russian president may have different ideas.

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Trump’s targets for Putin summit appear fluid – can he even get a ceasefire?

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Trump's targets for Putin summit appear fluid - can he even get a ceasefire?

The “if” was doing some heavy lifting.

Mr Trump floated the idea of a second meeting, this one between Putin, Zelenskyy and possibly himself, “if” the Alaska summit goes well.

Speaking to European leaders earlier, in a virtual call he rated at “10” and “very friendly”, he’d shared his intention to try to broker a ceasefire on Friday.

So, the strategy is crystallising – he will press for a trilateral meeting to discuss territory “if” he manages to secure a truce during the bilateral meeting.

But that begs the obvious question: what if he can’t?

The US president is keeping his options open – rating the chance of a second meeting as “very good” but preparing the ground for failure too.

“There may be no second meeting because if I feel that it is not appropriate to have it because I didn’t get the answers that we have to have, then we’re not going to have a second meeting,” he said.

More on Russia

Unusually, given how often he talks about his abilities, he conceded that he may not persuade Vladimir Putin to stop targeting civilians.

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Sky’s defence analyst, Prof Michael Clarke, looks at what land Ukraine might be asked to give up when Donald Trump meets Vladimir Putin on Friday in Alaska.

Read More
Trump’s threat to Putin – Ukraine latest
What could Ukraine be asked to give up?
Sky News’ Ukraine Q&A

But without elaborating on what any sanctions might be, he warned that Russia would face “very severe consequences” if it doesn’t end the war.

Even if he achieves the seemingly impossible – a halt to the fighting – there seems little chance of agreement on any swapping of territory.

A BTR-4 armoured personnel carrier during military exercises in Kharkiv region.
Image:
A BTR-4 armoured personnel carrier during military exercises in Kharkiv region.

Mr Zelenskyy has told Mr Trump that Putin “is bluffing” and wants to “push forward along the whole front” not return land.

In the space of a week, Donald Trump has gone from talking about a land-swapping deal, to a “listening exercise”, to the potential for a ceasefire.

His expectations appear changeable, an indication of how fluid back-room negotiations are in the run-up to his first face-to-face with Vladimir Putin in six years.

He described Friday’s summit as “setting the table for a second meeting”, but that’s presumptuous when the meal – or deal – isn’t cooked yet.

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Over 100 people killed in Gaza in 24 hours, officials say, marking deadliest day in a week

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Over 100 people killed in Gaza in 24 hours, officials say, marking deadliest day in a week

More than 100 people have been killed in Gaza within 24 hours, officials there have said – the deadliest day recorded in a week.

The Gaza health ministry said 123 people were killed, adding to the tens of thousands of fatalities during the near two-year war raging in the Strip.

It comes as officials said Israel’s planned re-seizure of Gaza City, which it took in the early days of the war before withdrawing, is likely weeks away.

Follow the latest: Netanyahu accused of having ‘lost the plot’

Palestinians shelter at a tent camp on a beach amid summer heat in Gaza City. Pic: Reuters/Mahmoud Issa
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Palestinians shelter at a tent camp on a beach amid summer heat in Gaza City. Pic: Reuters/Mahmoud Issa

Eastern areas of Gaza City were bombed heavily by Israeli planes and tanks, according to residents, who said that many homes were destroyed in the Zeitoun and Shejaia neighbourhoods overnight.

Al-Ahli hospital said 12 people were killed in an airstrike on a house in Zeitoun.

Israeli tanks also destroyed several homes in the southern Gaza city of Khan Younis, Palestinian medics said.

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Netanyahu vows to ‘finish the job’ in Gaza

They added that in central Gaza, Israeli gunfire killed nine people seeking aid in two separate incidents. The Israel Defence Forces (IDF) did not comment on this.

The number of Palestinians who died of starvation and malnutrition in Gaza has risen to 235, including 106 children, since the war began, following the death of eight more people, including three children, in the past 24 hours, the Gaza health ministry said.

Palestinians scramble to collect aid from trucks that entered through Israel, in Khan Younis. Pic: Reuters
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Palestinians scramble to collect aid from trucks that entered through Israel, in Khan Younis. Pic: Reuters

The malnutrition and hunger death figures have been reported by the Hamas-run ministry and have been disputed by Israel.

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said on Sunday: “If we had a starvation policy, no one in Gaza would have survived after two years of war.”

He also repeated the allegation that Hamas has been looting aid trucks and claimed uncollected food has been “rotting” at the border, blaming the UN for not distributing it.

Aid packages being dropped from a plane in Deir Al-Balah. Pic: Reuters
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Aid packages being dropped from a plane in Deir Al-Balah. Pic: Reuters

A Palestinian boy jumps over wastewater in Gaza City. Pic: Reuters
Image:
A Palestinian boy jumps over wastewater in Gaza City. Pic: Reuters

The latest death figures come as Hamas held further talks with Egyptian mediators in Cairo with a focus on stopping the war, delivering aid and “enduring the suffering of our people in Gaza”, an official for the group said in a statement.

Egyptian security sources said the possibility of a comprehensive ceasefire would also be discussed.

This would see Hamas relinquish governance in Gaza and concede its weapons, with a Hamas official saying the group was open to all ideas as long as Israel would end the war and pull out of Gaza.

But the official added that “laying down arms before the occupation is dismissed as impossible”.

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Meanwhile, Mr Netanyahu reiterated that Palestinians should simply leave Gaza, an idea which has also been enthusiastically floated by US President Donald Trump.

“They’re not being pushed out, they’ll be allowed to exit,” Mr Netanyahu told Israeli television channel i24NEWS. “All those who are concerned for the Palestinians and say they want to help the Palestinians should open their gates and stop lecturing us.”

World leaders have rejected the idea of displacing the Gaza population, and Mr Netanyahu’s plan to expand military control over Gaza, which Israeli sources said could be launched in October, has increased global outcry over the widespread devastation, displacement and hunger in the enclave.

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‘See with your eyes the reality’

The humanitarian crisis in Gaza is at “unimaginable levels”, Britain and 26 partners said in a statement on Tuesday, warning: “Famine is unfolding before our eyes.”

The statement added: “Urgent action is needed now to halt and reverse starvation. Humanitarian space must be protected, and aid should never be politicised.”

It was signed by the foreign ministers of Australia, Belgium, Canada, Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Japan, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the UK.

Read more from Sky News:
West Bank: The city locked down by armed troops
Who were the journalists killed by Israel in Gaza?

The war in Gaza began on 7 October 2023 when Hamas killed about 1,200 people – mostly civilians – and abducted 251 others in its attack.

Most of the hostages have been released in ceasefires or other deals. It is believed Hamas is still holding 50 captives, with 20 believed to be alive.

Israel’s retaliatory offensive has killed more than 61,000 Palestinians, according to Gaza’s Hamas-run health ministry, which does not differentiate between militants and civilians in its count.

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