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January 1, 2023 marked the dawn of another year for the world, but in the realm of EVs, more specifically purchases made by US consumers, the date kicked off a fresh start of new tax credits for vehicles both new and used. While much of the dust is still settling on the Capitol as it works to implement new qualifying terms for tax credits, we do have some information about what used EVs will and will not qualify. Here’s what we know so far.

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A used EV might be the way to go in 2023

Although the $7,500 federal tax credit has been extended for new EV purchases under revised qualifying terms, those current requirements leave a very limited the number of current EVs that qualify.

Many automakers are already pivoting their business strategies to move EV and battery assembly to US soil to once again qualify, but it will take time to establish those facilities and get them up and running.

In the meantime, it might be worth considering a used EV in order to take advantage of the revamped federal tax credit up to $4,000. Here’s how it works.

How the current tax credit works for used EVs

In a perfect world for consumers, any and all used EV purchases would qualify for tax credits from the US government, but that’s unfortunately not the case. As part of revised terms in the Inflation Reduction Act signed by President Biden, federal tax credits have been extended and include revamped benefits for used EV purchases. As long as they fit certain criteria. Per the IRS:

Beginning January 1, 2023, if you buy a qualified previously owned electric vehicle (EV) or fuel cell vehicle (FCV) from a licensed dealer for $25,000 or less, you may be eligible for a previously owned clean vehicle tax credit under Internal Revenue Code Section 25E.

Used EVs no see revised terms that offers a credit equal to 30% percent of the sale price (up to $4,000). That should help consumers like yourselves get some change back in your pocket at the end of the fiscal year. As long as you stick to these terms as outlined by the IRS.

To qualify as a customer, you must:

  • Be an individual who bought the vehicle for use and not for resale
  • Must be an individual (no businesses)
  • Not be the original owner
  • Not be claimed as a dependent on another person’s tax return
  • Not have claimed another used clean vehicle credit in the 3 years before the EV purchase date
  • Modified adjusted gross income must not exceed $75k for individuals, $112,500 for heads of households, and $150k for joint returns

Additionally, in order for used EV to qualify for federal tax credits, it must:

  • Have a sale price of $25,000 or less
  • Have a model year at least 2 years earlier than the calendar year when you buy it
    • For example, a vehicle purchased in 2023 would need a model year of 2021 or older
  • Not have already been transferred after August 16, 2022, to a qualified buyer
  • Have a gross vehicle weight rating of less than 14,000 pounds
  • Be an eligible FCV or plug-in EV with a battery capacity of least 7 kilowatt hours (kWh)
  • Be for use primarily in the United States
  • Purchased from a certified dealer:
    • For qualified used EVs, the dealer reports required information to you at the time of sale and to the IRS
  • A used vehicle qualifies for tax credit only once in its lifetime
Used EV tax credit
A 2020 Nissan LEAF SV Plus. Definitely worthy of used EV tax credits

Here are all the Used EVs that qualify for tax credits

As promised, here is the current list of used EVs that qualify for tax credits in the US, per the IRS, separated by all-electric BEVs and plug-in hybrids (PHEVs).

It’s important to note that this is not the end all, be all list of used EVs that qualify for tax credits in the US. Once again, per the IRS:

Manufacturers of the vehicles listed below have provided appropriate information and have indicated that the vehicles are eligible for the credit provided other requirements are met. 

This is simply the list provided by the government which will be continually updated by both them and us. Additionally, some of these EVs especially are 2020 or 2021 models, and it will be nearly impossible to find them on sale below $25k. If you do somehow luck out, more power to you, because you may qualify for additional savings.

As always, we recommend speaking with a tax professional and EV dealer directly in order to ensure what you and your new vehicle qualify for. Without further adieu, here are the all-electric models that currently qualify:

All-electric models

Make/Model/Year(s) Full Tax Credit
AUDI
Audi e-tron (2019, 2021, 2022) $4,000
Audi e-tron GT (e-tron GT/RS e-tron GT models) (2022-2023) $4,000
Audi e-tron S (standard and Sportback models) (2022) $4,000
Audi e-tron Sportback (2020-2022) $4,000
Audi Q4 50 e-tron Quattro (standard and Sportback models) (2022) $4,000
BMW
i3 (with or without range extender) (2014-2021) $4,000
i3 (60Ah) (2017) $4,000
i3s (with or without range extender) (2018-2021) $4,000
FIAT
500e (2013-2019) $4,000
FORD MOTOR COMPANY
Focus Electric (2012-2018) $4,000
Mustang Mach-E (2021) $4,000
GENERAL MOTORS (GM) TBD
HYUNDAI
Ioniq BEV (2017-2019) $4,000
Kona Electric (2019-2021) $4,000
JAGUAR TBD
KIA TBD
LAND ROVER TBD
MAZDA TBD
MERCEDES-BENZ
B250e (B-Class) (2014-2017) $4,000
MINI
Cooper S E Hardtop (2020-2021) $4,000
MITSUBISHI TBD
i-MiEV (2012-2014, 2016-2017) $4,000
NISSAN
LEAF S (2013-2021) $4,000
LEAF S Plus (2019-2021) $4,000
LEAF SL (2011-2019) $4,000
LEAF SL Plus (2019-2021) $4,000
LEAF SV (2011-2021) $4,000
LEAF SV Plus (2019-2021) $4,000
smart
Coupe EV (2013-2018) $4,000
EQ Fortwo Coupe (2019) $4,000
Cabrio EV (2013-2016, 2017-2018) $4,000
EQ Fortwo Cabrio (2019) $4,000
SUBARU TBD
TESLA TBD
TOYOTA
RAV4 EV (2012-2014) $4,000
VOLKSWAGEN
e-Golf (2015-2019) $4,000
ID.4 First Edition, Pro, Pro S, AWD Pro, AWD Pro S (2021) $4,000
ID.4 Pro, Pro S, AWD (2022-2023) $4,000
ID.4 Pro, Pro S, RWD (2022) $4,000
ID.4 RWD, S RWD (2023) $4,000
VOLVO
XC40 Recharge (2021) $4,000
Last updated 1/17/2023
Used EV tax credit
The Audi Q5 TFSI e Quattro. Currently qualified for used EV tax credits as a PHEV / Source: Audi

Used plug-in hybrids EVs that qualify for tax credits

Make/Model/Year(s) Full Tax Credit
AUDI
A3 e-tron/ultra (2016-2018) $4,000
Audi A7 55 TFSI e Quattro (2021) $4,000
Audi A7 TFSI e Quattro (2022) $4,000
Audi A8L PHEV (2020) $4,000
Audi A8L 60 TFSI e Quattro (2021) $4,000
Audi Q5 PHEV (2020) $4,000
Audi Q5 55 TFSI e Quattro (2021) $4,000
Audi Q5 TFSI e Quattro (2022-2023) $4,000
BENTLEY MOTORS
Bentayga Hybrid SUV (2020-2021) $4,000
Flying Spur Hybrid (2022) $4,000
BMW
i8 (2014-2017) $4,000
i8 Coupe/Roadster (2019-2020) $4,000
330e (2016-2021) $4,000
330e xDrive (2021) $4,000
530e/xDrive (2018-2021) $4,000
740e (2017) $4,000
740e xDrive (2018-2021) $4,000
X3 xDrive30e (2020-2021) $4,000
X5 xDrive40e (2016-2018) $4,000
X5 xDrive45e (2021) $4,000
CHRYSLER
Pacifica PHEV (2017-2021) $4,000
FORD MOTOR COMPANY
C-Max Energi (2013-2017) $4,000
Escape Plug-In Hybrid (2020-2021) $4,000
Fusion Energi (2013-2020) $4,000
GENERAL MOTORS (GM) TBD
HYUNDAI
Ioniq PHEV (2018-2021) $4,000
Sonata PHEV (2016-2019) $4,000
JAGUAR TBD
JEEP
Wrangler 4xe (2021) $4,000
KIA TBD
LAND ROVER TBD
LINCOLN
Aviator Grand Touring (2020-2021) $4,000
Corsair Grand Touring (2020-2021) $4,000
MAZDA TBD
MERCEDES-BENZ
S550e (2015-2017) $4,000
S560e (2020) $4,000
GLE550e 4M (2016-2018) $4,000
GLC350e 4M (2018-2020) $4,000
MINI
Cooper S E Countryman ALL4 (2018-2021) $4,000
MITSUBISHI TBD
Outlander PHEV (2018-2021) $4,000
SUBARU TBD
TOYOTA
Prius Prime PHEV (2017-2021) $4,000
RAV4 PHEV (2021) $4,000
VOLKSWAGEN TBD
VOLVO
S60 (2019-2021) $4,000
S90 (2018-2021) $4,000
V60 (2020-2021) $4,000
XC60 (2018-2021) $4,000
XC90 (2016-2021) $4,000
XC90 Excellence (2018-2019) $4,000
Last updated 1/17/2023

Other resources for EV tax credits

While tax credits for used EVs are newly revamped and may be the way to go for you personally, there are plenty of other options to get money back from Uncle Sam at the end of the fiscal year.

For instance, revised terms outlined in the Inflation Reduction Act went into affect January 1, 2023 and enable the extension of federal tax credits for new EV purchases through the next decade, while once again allowing EVs from American automakers like Tesla and GM to once again qualify.

That being said, the capitol is still trying to settle a lot of these terms to determine what vehicles qualify, so things are a bit cloudy at the moment, but you may be able to take advantage of tax credits before battery assembly requirements kick in later this year.

Learn more about federal tax credits for new EV purchases here.

Whether it’s a new or used EV purchase that ends up being right for you, you may still be able to take advantage of additional perks at the state level, depending where you live. Credits, exemptions, and other benefits could be available for an EV purchase, lease, or for relevant equipment like home charger installation.

You can check out what EV-centric benefits may be available to you, sorted by state, here.

We’d like to reiterate once last time that we recommend doing your own research and speaking with a tax professional and EV dealer directly in order to ensure exactly what you and your vehicle purchase qualify for.

Good luck in EV your search!

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Tesla and Rivian are settling their battery tech theft lawsuit

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Tesla and Rivian are settling their battery tech theft lawsuit

Tesla and Rivian have been embroiled in a lawsuit in which the former accused the latter of having stolen battery technology by poaching Tesla employees.

It sounds like the two automakers are finally about to settle the lawsuit, which has been going on for 4 years.

In 2020, Tesla filed a lawsuit against Rivian over allegedly stealing trade secrets by hiring former Tesla employees and encouraging them to bring documents. Rivian has denied the allegations.

When Tesla filed the lawsuit, it wasn’t clear what trade secrets Tesla was claiming Rivian had stolen. However, we noted that the employees listed in the lawsuits were two recruiters, an EHS manager, and a manager of Tesla’s charging networks.

The automaker claimed that these employees brought “documents consisting of highly sensitive trade secret, confidential, and proprietary engineering information” when they went to work for Rivian.

A year later, Tesla expanded the lawsuitclaiming more specifically that Rivian was “stealing the core technology for its next-generation batteries.”

At first, the companies tried to settle out of court, but it didn’t work out, so the lawsuit was moved to court last year.

Over a year later, we now learn that Tesla had notified the court that it expects to file to get the lawsuit dismissed after reaching a conditional agreement with Rivian. The company didn’t disclose the details of the settlement (via Bloomberg):

Tesla didn’t disclose specifics about the agreement in a court filing, but told a California state judge that it expects to seek dismissal of the case by Dec. 24 upon satisfactory completion of the terms.

Neither Tesla nor Rivian have commented on the reported settlement.

While Tesla has claimed that it somewhat open-sourced its patents, we have previously noted that it’s not exactly the case. Tesla claims to let other companies use its patented technology as long as they themselves don’t sue them over patent rights.

And in this specific case, Tesla alleges that Rivian has specifically hired employees to steal technologies. Again, Rivian has denied the allegation.

Electrek’s Take

The terms are unknown, but in similar cases, it often involves things like some level of access to make sure that no proprietary technology is being used or has been used.

The lawsuit is not exactly clear, but based on the timeline and the allegations of “next-gen batteries”, Tesla could have been talking about its 4680 battery cells, although those are cells. It could also be the structural battery pack.

Rivian is expected to use a taller 4695 battery from LG Energy Solutions for its next-generation vehicles.

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Kempower, Proviridis partner on novel electric semi truck charging solution

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Kempower, Proviridis partner on novel electric semi truck charging solution

French infrastructure specialists Proviridis have partnered with EVSE manufacturer Kempower to deliver a novel, underground charging solution for electric semi trucks designed to easily integrate into existing truck depots.

By installing its high-powered charging cabinets underground and integrating the charging cables into a solid metal pipe, Kempower and Proviridis have been able to make room for high-powered charging points in an existing truck depot that didn’t have enough space to install either conventional EVSE or overhead “drop lines.”

For the pilot, the metal pipe is painted in a striking yellow color to make it easier to see while maneuvering the lot, and keeping the dispensers themselves more protected than conventional concrete bollards. The 600 kW power cabinet is positioned a few yards away – a typical space-saving Kempower solution – and connected to the charge points by underground cable.

Proviridis believes their solution provides enough of a competitive advantage that fleet buyers looking to electrify will be eager to give it a try.

“The product is durable across a wide spectrum of temperatures and conditions, requires minimal ventilation, and can cater for a wide range of customer needs,” explains Olivier Verdu, Technical Director at Proviridis. “These are features which perfectly place the Kempower solution for this type of charging configuration in a logistics environment.”

Electrek’s Take

While traditional charging equipment can cause up to 20% of an existing truck depot’s parking capacity to be lost, the Kempower products have already gained recognition for the efficient size footprint of its overground Satellites. If this underground version proves to be even better, you can expect to see a lot more Kempower installations near you.

SOURCE | IMAGES: Kempower.

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For a limited time, save $500 on a Centris folding eBike from Buzz Bicycles

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For a limited time, save 0 on a Centris folding eBike from Buzz Bicycles

In honor of Black Friday and Cyber Monday, eBike specialist Buzz Bicycles is offering an exclusive discount for Electrek readers on its Centris Class 2 Folding Bike.

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Buzz Bicycles is back with an exclusive new deal

Buzz Bicycles has been a mainstay on Electrek for a few years now, as we have covered several of its electric bikes, which suit riders of all skill levels and help them “Buzz through life.” Buzz is an omnichannel eBike brand that prioritizes direct-to-consumerism and has found success in its mission to deliver ultimate transportation solutions at an excellent value for its growing base of eBike enthusiasts.

The company strives to deliver riders a “Wow moment,” which is usually brought on as they feel the pedal assist function kick in. This feature delivers all you need to conquer hills and longer rides while enjoying new adventures with friends.

The Buzz team has utilized decades of industry experience into its portfolio of eBikes, all conceived and designed in Dayton, Ohio. The company, which operates under the United Wheels umbrella alongside brands like Huffy Bicycles, Niner Bikes, and Batch Bicycles, has adopted an ethos that the freedom of riding should be fun and accessible for everyone, no matter what adventure lies ahead.

By leveraging the global presence of its parent company, Buzz Bicycles can make good on its promise to deliver affordable eBikes that are comfortable, powerful, and safe, much like the Centris Folding eBike, which is as versatile and compact as it is fun. The exclusive deal Buzz Bicycles is offering on the Centris makes it even more fun. You can take advantage of it below.

But first, you’ll want to learn about the capabilities of this foldable eBike to truly understand its value, as well as what accessories are available to level up your purchase.

Buzz Bicycles

The Buzz Centris is an easy to ride foldable eBike for all

The Buzz Centris is a Class 2 Folding eBike built for comfort and convenience no matter where you take it. At full size, the Centris’ step-through frame offers a low step-over height of just 16 inches, perfect for riders of all sizes, enabling easy transitions from ground to saddle for its riders.

When you’re not riding, the Centris from Buzz Bicycles folds neatly to 34 inches in length and 22 inches in height, making it easy to store at home or to carry in a vehicle on the way to your next ride. Furthermore, the assembled bike only weighs 68 pounds, making it easy to transport.

You can easily navigate tougher terrain on the Centris thanks to the eBike’s 20″ x 4″ knobby tires and front suspension. The bike is powered by a 48V, 500-watt-hour (Wh) battery pack that can propel it to a top speed of 20 mph for an all-electric range of up to 40 miles on a single charge.

Additionally, this folding model from Buzz Bicycles comes equipped with both a front and rear rack, offering versatile cargo-carrying options so you can customize your ride with a variety of Buzz accessories.

Like all Buzz eBikes, the Centris is tested and deemed compliant with the UL2849 standard. This standard covers the entire electric bicycle system, including the motor, battery, controller, and charger, offering the highest safety standards for added peace of mind.

The Centris Class 2 folding bike from Buzz is available in two colors: Gloss White or Matte Black. This $1,199 eBike is currently reduced to $899 – and you can score an additional $200 off with this exclusive promo, but only for a limited time.

With the purchase of any Buzz eBike, including the Centris, you are guaranteed the following:

  • 10-year limited warranty (lightweight aluminum frame protected for full 10 years)
  • 2-year limited warranty (electrical components covered by 2-year warranty for peace of mind)
  • 6-month limited warranty (additional bike components protected by a 6-month warranty)
Buzz Bicycles

Are you interested in the Centris from Buzz Bicycles? You’ve come to the right place. Starting today, while supplies last, you can take advantage of an additional $200 off the sale price by using promo code “ELECTREK200. That’s a $500 discount in total!

Don’t wait, because this deal only runs through 11:59 PM on December 8, 2024.

We highly recommend perusing Buzz’s entire lineup of products. They are designed for commuters and casual riders, with technology and features that help you quickly feel comfortable riding. If you are new to the world of E-transportation, Buzz Bicycles is the brand for you. 

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