After weeks of indecision, Germany has announced it will send Leopard 2 tanks to Ukraine and allow other countries to do the same.
Ukraine has pleaded for months for Western nations to send modern tanks to give its forces the firepower they need to retake territory occupied by Russia.
Kyiv is widely expected to mount another counteroffensive in the spring after hugely successful drives last year that seized big chunks of territory around Kharkiv in the east and liberated Kherson in the south.
The US is understood to be preparing to announce that it will supply Kyiv with a number of its M1 Abrams tanks – perhaps as part of an agreement with Berlin.
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So what are the Leopard 2, M1 Abrams and Challenger 2 tanks, and which other Western armoured vehicles are being sent to Ukraine?
Leopard 2 – Germany’s main battle tank used by various NATO countries
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Ukraine has long urged the West to send tanks to help its forces fight Russia, and at the top of the list has been the Leopard 2.
Considered a main battle tank in the same way as the Challenger 2 and first introduced in 1979, it offers good protection against armour-piercing rounds and anti-tank guided weapons.
It has been reported that the Leopard 2 was estimated to be able to penetrate frontal armour of the Soviet-made T-72 tank from 2,000 metres away and that of the T-62 from more than 4,000 metres – both of which are in use by the Russian military in Ukraine.
M1 Abrams: Highly manoeuvrable but poor fuel efficiency
After weeks of discussion, the Biden administration is preparing to send Abrams tanks to Ukraine, according to three senior US officials.
It has a 1,500-horsepower turbine engine – notoriously low on fuel efficiency – and a 120mm main gun.
The tank can make a difference on the battlefield through “lethal firepower, unparalleled survivability, and audacious manoeuvre”, the US army says.
Any agreement to supply Ukraine with Abrams tanks is likely to be perceived as an effort to persuade Germany to authorise donation of the Leopard 2, which uses less fuel and is widely available in Europe.
Image: The M1 Abrams tank could be headed for Ukraine. Pic: AP
Challenger 2: British tank buster that has ‘never’ been destroyed
The British Challenger 2 is a main battle tank that has been used on operations in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo and Iraq.
First introduced into service with the British Army in 1994, a number of Challenger 2s are deployed in Estonia as part of NATO’s Enhanced Forward Presence in the Baltic States.
It features a main 120mm rifled gun and has a crew of four – commander, gunner, loader/operator and a driver.
The British Army says it has “never experienced a loss at the hands of the enemy”.
Image: British soldiers patrol in two Challenger 2 tanks in the desert near Basra, Iraq in 2006. Pic: AP
Bradley fighting vehicle: Armoured infantry transport from the US
Earlier this month, the White House announced that it will be delivering dozens of its Bradley fighting vehicles to Ukraine as well as hundreds of the anti-tank missiles they can fire.
While not a tank, strictly speaking, Pentagon press secretary Brigadier General Pat Ryder said they provide “a level of firepower and armour that will bring advantages on the battlefield”.
Bradleys are armoured vehicles that can transport infantry in combat zones and are often equipped with a 25mm M242 Bushmaster chain gun as their main weapon along with an anti-tank missile system.
Mr Zelenskyy hailed the move: “For the first time, we will get Bradley armoured vehicles – this is exactly what is needed.
“New guns and rounds, including high-precision ones, new rockets, new drones. It is timely and strong.”
Image: American soldiers drive a Bradley fighting vehicle in Syria in 2021. Pic: AP
Marder infantry fighting vehicles from Germany
Before the decision on the Leopards, Germany had said it wanted to deliver around 40 Marder infantry fighting vehicles to Ukraine before the end of March.
Resembling a light tank in some ways, the Marder can carry five or six troops and is one of the largest and heaviest of its type.
Germany has large numbers of Marders in storage and vice chancellor Robert Habeck said Berlin could ultimately send its entire functioning fleet of the weapons.
Image: Soldiers follow a Marder infantry fighting vehicle during a demonstration event in 2011. Pic: AP
AMX-10 RC: France’s ‘light tank’ designed for recon missions
The French defence ministry said it will hold talks with its Ukrainian counterpart to arrange for the delivery of armoured combat vehicles.
Designated as “light tanks” in French, the AMX-10 RC carries a 105mm cannon and two machine guns.
It’s primarily designed for reconnaissance missions and has enough armour to protect against light infantry weapons, according to the French defence ministry.
It has wheels rather than tracks, allowing it to be more mobile than heavy tanks.
Image: French-made AMX-10 RC light tanks have wheels rather than tracks. Pic: AP/French Army
At least 36 people were killed and 208 wounded when Israeli forces fired towards crowds near a food distribution centre in Gaza on Tuesday morning, according to the Hamas-run territory’s health ministry.
Footage supplied to Sky News shows people shouting and screaming as they flee explosions in the distance.
Dead and wounded people can be seen being carried away from the scene while thick smoke billows into the air.
The incident is the latest in a series of reports of Palestinians being killed by Israeli gunfire near one of the distribution centres operated by a new organisation which is permitted by the IDF to hand out aid in the territory.
Image: Palestinians run from explosions as they made their way to a food distribution centre
One man seen in the footage says: “We want to live, we want to eat. We have children and wives. We want to live in our homes. Three years of war, bodies ripped apart, all this, for some flour.”
Humanitarian aid workers and experts have warned Israel’s blockade of Gaza and its military campaign has pushed the besieged enclave to the brink of famine.
Around 160 people have been killed in shootings near aid sites run by the new Israel and US-backed organisation, the health ministry has said.
Image: Thick smoke rises into the air after explosions
The Gaza Humanitarian Foundation, which runs the sites, said there has been no violence in or around the distribution centres themselves.
However, it has warned people to stay on designated access routes and paused delivery last week while it held talks with Israel’s military on improving safety.
Image: Smoke rises from Gaza after an explosion. Pic: Reuters
Israel’s military said in a statement its forces fired warning shots at suspects who were advancing and posed a threat to troops “despite warnings that the area is an active combat zone”.
It said it was aware of reports several people had been injured but its initial inquiry suggests the number “does not align with the information held” by the Israeli military.
“The warning shots were fired hundreds of metres from the aid distribution site, prior to its opening hours and toward the suspects who posed a threat to the troops,” it said, adding that the details are under review.
The government media office of Hamas said: “In a new crime added to the bloody record of the ‘Israeli’ occupation, the number of victims of the ‘Israeli-American aid distribution centres’ since Tuesday morning rose to 36 martyrs and more than 208 injuries, bringing the total number of victims of the ‘Israeli-American aid distribution centres’ to 163 martyrs and 1,495 injuries, all of whom are starving civilians seeking a living under siege and starvation.”
It comes as the UK government sanctioned two Israeli government ministers due to their “repeated incitements of violence against Palestinian civilians”, the Foreign Office said.
The UK imposed sanctions on Itamar Ben-Gvir and Bezalel Smotrich alongside Australia, Canada, New Zealand and Norway.
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They are being sanctioned in their personal capacities and are now subject to a freeze on UK assets and director disqualifications, and banned from entering the country.
The sanctions were criticised by US secretary of state Marco Rubio who said on X: “These sanctions do not advance US-led efforts to achieve a ceasefire, bring all hostages home, and end the war.”
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1:28
‘Genocide in Gaza’ is the real story
Greta Thunberg accuses Israel of ‘illegal act’
Earlier in the day Greta Thunberg accused Israel of committing “an illegal act” after the Gaza-bound aid boat she was on was seized by the country’s military and she was deported to France.
Students and adults are among 10 victims who were killed after a gunman opened fire at a secondary school in the Austrian city of Graz.
Interior minister Gerhard Karner said earlier that a further 12 people were injured in the shooting at the BORG Dreierschützengasse high school in Austria’s second-biggest city.
However Mr Karner gave the figure before it was confirmed that a person in hospital with life-threatening injuries had become the 10th person to die. It is not clear if this reduces the number of those injured to 11.
The interior minister also said the suspect was a former pupil of the school who didn’t finish his studies.
Police have said the 21-year-old Austrian gunman was found dead in the toilets of the school after the shootings and was operating alone.
Image: A police officer makes a phone call in front of a school building after the shooting. Pic: AP
Image: Police officers at the scene. Pic: AP
Special forces were among those sent to the school, just under a mile from Graz’s historic centre, after a call at 10am local time (9am UK time).
Around an hour and half later, police wrote on X that the school had been evacuated and everyone had been taken to a safe meeting point.
Police deployed in large numbers, with emergency vehicles guarding the area around the school and with at least one police helicopter flying above.
Graz, Austria’s second-biggest city, is located in the southeast of the country and about 300,000 live there.
A ‘dark day’
Austrian Chancellor Christian Stocker said there would be three days of national mourning, with the Austrian flag lowered to half-mast and a national minute of mourning at 10am on Wednesday (9am BST).
He said that it was “a dark day in the history of our country”.
President Alexander Van der Bellen said that “this horror cannot be captured in words”.
“These were young people who had their whole lives ahead of them. A teacher who accompanied them on their way,” he said.
Image: Police officers stand guard near a school following a deadly school shooting in Graz, Austria.
Pic: Reuters
Image: Pic: AP
Well-wishers later lit candles and placed them in the main square in Graz city centre on Tuesday night as a tribute to the shooting victims.
People were seen quietly reflecting as the city tried to come to terms with the deadly attack.
The school where the attack took place had earlier posted a message on Instagram following the tragedy.
The message is written in German, the official language of Austria, and translates in English to: “It was a really terrible day that deeply impacted and affected us all.
“Let us continue to stand together as a school community and support one another.
The shooting took place on 10 June at BORG Dreierschutzengasse, a secondary school in the northwest of Graz, close to the main central train station, Austrian police said.
Officials said 10 people were killed, six females and three males. The gunman was the eleventh person who died.
Twelve more people were injured, interior minister Gerhard Karner added.
Image: The shooting took place at BORG Dreierschutzengasse secondary school
Special forces were sent to the school at 10am local time after reports of shots being heard.
By 11.30am, police said the school had been evacuated and everyone had been taken to a safe meeting point.
Gunfire and screaming could be heard in footage posted on X purporting to be from the scene.
An injured person being carried to a helicopter by paramedics was also caught on video, while pictures showed armed officers at the scene.
At least 158 paramedics were on site responding to the shooting, and 31 crisis intervention staff.
The Austrian Red Cross told Sky News it had initiated its so-called ‘MANV system’, a protocol for dealing with a mass casualty incident.
Injured students were being cared for in the nearby Helmut List Halle events venue.
Image: Police have confirmed the gunman is among those who have died
‘My son called me to say he was going to die’
The mother of a child who survived the shooting retold the distressing moment she received a phone call from her son.
She said she found out hours after the incident that he was alive.
“My son called me to say he was in school and that he was being shot and that he thought he was going to die,” she said.
“I’ve only found out now, two hours later, that he’s still alive.”
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‘My son called me to say he thought he was going to die’
What we know about the suspect
Austrian police confirmed the perpetrator is dead, but have not yet revealed his identity.
In an update, Styrian State Police director Gerald Ortner said he was 21 years old and lived in Graz.
Officers believe he killed himself in the school’s toilet.
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4:38
Police: Latest on Austria school shooting
Mr Ortner said police did not have any prior information about the suspect, but said that he owned two guns, that he used in the shooting.
Interior minister Mr Karner added that the gunman was a former pupil of BORG Dreierschutzengasse who didn’t finish school.
He said any other details about the suspect was “still speculation”.
A ‘national tragedy’
Austrian Chancellor Christian Stocker called the shooting a “national tragedy”.
In a later news conference, he said it is a “dark day in the history of our country”.
“There are no words to express the pain, the mourning, that all Austria is feeling right now,” he added.
Image: Chancellor Christian Stocker said it is a ‘dark day’ for Austria. Pic: Reuters
He sent his condolences to those who were injured and the relatives, friends and staff who had to “live through this terrible, horrible event”.
He announced there will be three days of mourning and Austrian ministers are expected to pass a resolution for a national mourning today.
The Austrian flag will also be flown at half-mast and a minute of silence will be held on Wednesday.
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