Rishi Sunak says Britain and the EU have an understanding on what needs to be done around the Northern Ireland Protocol, but that work still needs to be done.
I thought we had a Brexit deal, what is this agreement that Rishi Sunak is trying to get?
These talks are all about the part of the Brexit deal that relates to Northern Ireland.
Dubbed the “Northern Ireland Protocol”, it was agreed with the EU by Boris Johnson in 2020 – alongside the wider trade and co-operation treaty.
The point of it is to avoid a hard physical border on the island of Ireland – the only place where there is a land frontier between the UK and EU.
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All parties agreed this was necessary to preserve peace on the island.
The protocol does this by placing Northern Ireland in a far tighter relationship with the EU, compared with the rest of the UK.
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Since the Brexit deal fully came into force at the start of 2021, there has been an ongoing process to iron out the various issues it has thrown up relating to Northern Ireland.
That has escalated over time to the point where a new agreement is now being worked on.
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There’s new hope of a breakthrough to end years of deadlock between the UK and the European Union over post-Brexit trade arrangements
What practical changes are needed?
To avoid a hard border on the island of Ireland, physical checks take place when goods cross the Irish Sea from Great Britain to Northern Ireland.
Companies and traders in Northern Ireland also have to comply with EU single market rules.
This has all caused friction in the flows of goods coming from England, Wales and Scotland with shortages of certain items in shops and onerous paperwork for businesses.
EU rules on food stuffs has also meant a potential ban on sausages and other “chilled meats” coming from Great Britain.
There are also upsides of the deal though. As Northern Ireland essentially still has one foot in the EU single market, it’s easier for businesses there to trade on the continent.
What’s been the political fallout in Belfast?
Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) unionist politicians in Belfast believe Northern Ireland is being carved out from the rest of the UK and treated in too different a fashion.
This stems in part from the practical problems being experienced by businesses.
There’s also concern over a so-called “democratic deficit” whereby Northern Ireland takes on rules from Brussels that it has no say over.
There are more ideological issues too. The role played by the European Court of Justice is a big sticking point.
Because Northern Ireland is still subject to EU rules, Brussels believes its court should have a heavy involvement in resolving disputes.
The DUP and some Conservative MPs see this as an erosion of the UK’s sovereignty and incompatible with the aims of Brexit.
Image: The iconic site of Harland & Wolff’s shipyard in Belfast
How does this relate to the Northern Ireland assembly?
The DUP is one of two parties that shares power in the devolved government in Northern Ireland.
But the party has been staging a boycott and refusing to allow this executive to form or the elected assembly to sit until its concerns over the Brexit deal are addressed.
This has meant the democratic institutions that are supposed to be running public services in Northern Ireland and representing voters haven’t been functioning properly for more than a year.
Sinn Fein – the republican party that also shares powers in Belfast – has urged the DUP to approve the changes to the Brexit deal and go back into power-sharing as soon as possible.
What will be in the new deal?
We don’t really know. Downing Street has been keeping quiet about the details.
Speculation is that parts of it will look quite similar to plans outlined by the UK last year.
There may be a “green lane” and “red lane” system to separate goods destined for Northern Ireland from those at risk of being transported to the Republic and on to the EU.
This should reduce the need for physical checks and paperwork. Some sort of compromise is also likely on the role of the European Court of Justice.
There could potentially be a mechanism whereby the ECJ can only decide on a dispute after a referral from a separate arbitration panel or a Northern Irish court.
This is the big unknown. The party has come up with seven “tests” that it will apply to any deal when deciding whether to back it.
These contain some specific requests, such as there being no checks on goods going from Great Britain to Northern Ireland and no border in the Irish Sea.
But there are also broader points such as allowing the people of Northern Ireland the same privileges as everyone else in the United Kingdom and guaranteeing the letter and spirit of the Good Friday Agreement.
There are also electoral considerations, a sizeable chunk of the unionist community in Northern Ireland believes the DUP should only go back into power-sharing if the Northern Ireland Protocol is scrapped completely.
So if the DUP is seen to cave too easily, the party could lose voters to more hard line rivals.
Will Tory MPs support it?
Again, we just don’t know. It’s also unclear whether MPs will actually get a Commons vote on the new agreement. Downing Street hasn’t committed to one.
But not allowing MPs to have a say would risk inflaming tensions with backbenchers.
The main audience the prime minister needs to please here is the “European Research Group” of pro-Brexit MPs.
They claim otherwise, but the caucus isn’t really as powerful as it was a few years ago.
Many senior members are now in government including the Home Secretary Suella Braverman, the Northern Ireland Secretary Chris Heaton-Harris and his junior minister Steve Baker.
They will all need to be happy before the deal is published. In fact, they could play a part in getting Eurosceptic colleagues on board.
The reaction of Boris Johnson could also prove crucial. If the former prime minister came out against his successor’s deal, that could galvanise backbench anger.
Labour has said it will lend Rishi Sunak votes if he can’t push the deal through on his own. But this would be an embarrassing development for the prime minister that would risk further instability in his own party.
What happens if Rishi Sunak can’t get everybody on board?
The prime minister can live with some dissent from his MPs. Failing to win the support of the DUP is more serious though, as it means the party will continue to block the formation of the devolved executive in Belfast.
If the objections from the DUP seem less forceful, Mr Sunak could proceed anyway and hope they eventually come onboard after May’s local elections.
If he runs into a solid roadblock with both his MPs and the DUP and can’t get further concessions from the EU, then there is still the option of invoking the Northern Ireland Protocol Act.
This is UK legislation currently making its way through Parliament that would strip away parts of the Brexit deal without the approval of the EU.
Many see it as contravening international law and using it risks a trade war with Brussels. That’s something the government could do without, given the delicate economic situation.
What if Rishi Sunak gets his deal through with support from everybody?
If the prime minister can fix the Brexit deal, restore power-sharing in Belfast and keep his party together then it will be the undeniable high point of his time in Downing Street so far.
He will be able to claim that he solved an issue that has bedevilled his three predecessors.
It also has the potential of being a significant political inflexion point.
If the economic situation improves and he can also bring forward tangible action on strikes and Channel crossings, then there is a chance that the gloomy electoral outlook for the government begins to brighten.
But I thought Boris Johnson said Brexit was done?
Yes, he did. He also promised that his deal would not lead to a border in the Irish Sea.
At the time, many inside and outside of politics warned that the text of the agreement he signed would mean checks between Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
The former prime minister and his allies now say no one expected the EU to enforce the agreement in such a strict and inflexible way. The real answer to all this may lie in the politics of the time.
In 2019, Boris Johnson was eager to get a deal agreed with Brussels and campaign in a general election on the back of it.
This meant some of the thornier parts of the treaty were somewhat played down at the time. But it also stored up problems that Rishi Sunak is now trying to fix.
If this deal goes through, will Brexit then be done?
It will be more “done” than it ever has been. But overall, not really.
For a start, the Northern Ireland Protocol has a consent mechanism built into it, meaning that members of the devolved assembly in Belfast will vote next year on whether to keep the arrangement.
If a simple majority of Stormont members approves the deal, then it will remain in place for four years, at which point another vote will take place.
If it passes with a higher approval percentage in both unionist and republican parties, then the next vote will happen in eight years’ time. Then there’s the issue of the UK signing trade deals with other countries around the world.
This could mean changes to domestic rules and regulations that would have a knock-on impact for Northern Ireland and for the UK’s broader relationship with the EU.
Future governments may also decide to take a different approach with Brussels meaning Brexit and the country’s relationship with its closest neighbours will stay a live issue for a good time yet.
“When will it end, when will it stop?” It’s the question that Jay Slater’s mother still can’t answer.
The constant stream of vitriol, misinformation, and abuse online has continued every day for the past 18 months.
“I’ve just been absolutely crucified and ripped to pieces,” Debbie Duncan told us, as she read out the online comments that have hurt the most:
• “Debbie deserved to lose her son” • “How can you possibly respect a mother grifting off her own son’s death?” • “How do you know it’s Jay in that coffin – he needs digging up.”
“Just scroll, scroll and scroll, and they are still there,” Debbie said. “Jay’s just been dehumanised.”
Image: Families of Jay Slater (left) and Andrew Gosden (right) have spoken of horrific online abuse following the disappearance of their loved ones
There are hundreds of millions of pieces of Jay Slater content online, and it’s constantly being created – even after a coroner ruled his fall in a remote ravine in Tenerife was a tragic accident.
“I don’t think I’d be here if I sat every day and read everything that was being said,” Jay’s mum told us.
Image: Conspiracy theories about Jay have persisted online
This is why she is campaigning – in her son’s name.
She has tried and failed many times to get misinformation and the worst abuse taken down from online platforms.
“We just want to have some legislation around content,” she said.
“It’s about the [social media] platforms having that responsibility to take down the misinformation, the harassment, bullying.”
Image: Jay’s family has become a victim of a surge in online sleuthing
New levels of tragedy trolling
Jay’s case took the febrile world of online sleuthing and tragedy trolling to new levels.
Her campaign to give a degree of control back to families suffering this abuse is backed by the charity Missing People.
They work with a growing number of relatives being attacked online and trying to tackle callous misinformation.
“It feels quite out of control,” Josie Allan from the charity told us.
“We know with the development of AI, there’s going to be even more complicated issues.
“People creating fake news about missing cases, potentially making fake content using missing people’s faces or voices.
“We know that that would just be horrendous for families to have to see and could really misdirect police resources and investigations.”
Image: Josie Allan from the charity Missing People
Bogus posts of missing people
Malicious content like this is appearing more regularly.
Anonymous accounts create bogus missing people posts – often it sits in front of a fake advert or has a link to a scam website.
It exploits the natural goodwill people feel towards missing person cases.
In Australia, the search for a missing boy, Gus Lamont, was recently disrupted by a fake AI image of a man carrying what appeared to be the four-year-old.
It wasn’t real.
It is an emerging and disturbing problem for people searching for a loved one.
Kevin Gosden’s son was 14 years old when he disappeared in 2007.
Andrew caught a train to London from his hometown of Doncaster, South Yorkshire.
His family has never given up hope of him returning.
Image: Andrew Gosden’s family have never given up hope of finding him
Father close to breakdown
“Just before the 18th anniversary of Andrew’s disappearance… we suddenly became aware that there were articles online circulating and being shared,” his father told us.
“Claiming that Andrew’s body had been found, that his DNA had been found somewhere… the police have been concealing some CCTV footage with him.
“Utter nonsense. None of that’s true.
“If you’ve got a lot of false information out there, it just doesn’t help find the lad we love.
“We need to know that Andrew is still being looked for.
“I have been very close to what I know is going to be a breakdown, again with it a number of times.”
Image: Kevin Gosden
Clicks are driving content
The monetisation of clicks online is one of the driving forces behind this constant stream of content.
At the CrimeCon conference in Manchester, we spoke to true crime content creators and fans of this growing genre about where the moral boundaries lie.
Andy Hobbs, who sells murder mystery games, told us: “Unfortunately, views means more money. And until that gets looked at, I don’t think any regulation will come in.
“It’s in the interest of social media networks to get more views, more hits.”
Image: Andy Hobbs speaks to Sky’s Tom Parmenter
Ruth Berry, a true-crime fan, pointed out that online investigators can, in some instances, turn up new information: “They’ve helped solve in some cases, haven’t they?
“They’ve helped to unpick things that maybe authorities haven’t had the resources to do, and they’ve had the time and the resources to do.
“But also is it their jurisdiction and is that evidence actually valid and reliable? Because how did they get hold of it, who knows?”
Annie Robinson and Beth Kent host the Grave Secrets true-crime podcast.
“It’s not something you can control, is it really?” Annie said.
Image: True crime podcasters Annie Robinson and Beth Kent
Beth added: “Everyone obviously deserves to have their say, I think I would just be mindful and cautious that you are having an opinion knowing that nobody has all the facts.
“It’s sort of easy to talk about it, as in like, it’s not a real person you’ve got to remember these are still victims and victims’ families,” Annie added.
Some sleuths ‘very dangerous’
“Some amateur sleuths are very dangerous,” forensic psychologist Kerry Daynes told Sky News.
“Because people want their 15 minutes of fame on social media we can’t do things that knowingly hamper police investigations.
“You know, in any other world that would result in a prosecution.
“So I think that we do need to clamp down on those small number of people who do actually cause a great amount of carnage and damage.”
Image: Forensic psychologist Kerry Daynes
Some content creators have turned up to insert themselves into active police searches but the wider problem of misinformation online is also hindering officers.
Assistant Chief Constable Damien Miller, the national policing lead for missing persons, told us: “It takes policing away from those inquiries that we need to be following, because it’s fake, it’s false information.
“It’s hurtful, it is harmful to the families, but it’s also then misdirecting police investigations.
“People have freedom of speech, but there is a line and what I would say to those members of the public is please do not cross that line.
Image: Assistant Chief Constable Damien Miller
He, too, would like to see social media companies helping remove misleading content sooner.
‘I wouldn’t wish it on anyone’
“I think what we need to do is work with those providers to make sure that when mis or disinformation is put on social media, that it’s removed at its earliest opportunity because otherwise it gains momentum,” he said.
That incessant flow of content is what Jay’s mum, Debbie Duncan has been hit by. She is determined to do all she can so that other families don’t have to go through the same ordeal.
“I wouldn’t wish it on anybody what we have been through,” she said while contemplating everything that’s happened.
She has kept boxes of cards and gifts in Jay’s bedroom at home in Lancashire – reminders of all the compassion and support they have received as well as the online hatred.
“It’s torture,” she said while looking at the many photos of her son.
“I just look at his picture and if it’s the last thing I can do for you Jay – I’ll try my blimmin’ hardest.”
Around £80,000 worth of suspected stolen power tools have been seized by police at a car boot sale in west London.
The Metropolitan Police recovered 400 items in the operation on 11 December.
Two men, aged 55 and 54, and two 15-year-old boys have been arrested on suspicion of handling stolen goods.
The objects seized by officers at the Hounslow Heath car boot sale included power drills, nail guns, electric saws, and a concrete mixer.
Image: Shadow justice secretary Robert Jenrick
It comes after shadow justice secretary Robert Jenrick visited the sale last month and posted a social media video highlighting concerns about the sale of suspected stolen goods.
The Met said its operation was in response to worries about tool theft and was working to identify the tools and trace their original owners.
Superintendent James Rawlinson, of Hounslow’s local neighbourhood policing team, said: “We are listening to Londoner’s concerns about tool theft because we understand the significant impact it has on tradespeople and their livelihoods.
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“We are targeting the prolific offenders and organised criminal groups that drive this trade in stolen tools through proactive, intelligence-led operations.”
The force said tool theft between April and December was down 20.3%, compared with the same period last year as a result of Met operations targeting tool thieves.
Officers seized more than £500,000 worth of stolen tools during operations at two large-scale boot sales and associated premises in Romford and Rainham and made several arrests earlier this year.
Police have advised power tool owners to mark and take photographs of their property, and record the items’ serial numbers, to increase the chance of returning them if stolen.
Christian Turner is a mandarin’s mandarin. His appointment to the most glamorous posting in the UK diplomatic service is a victory for the Sir Humphreys over the politicians.
After the disaster and humiliation of Peter Mandelson‘s demise over his links to Jeffrey Epstein, it always made sense to appoint a scandal-free career diplomat as his successor.
Father-of-two Dr Turner is 53 but looks half his age. But his youthful appearance hides a long experience as a diplomat and civil servant serving prime ministers dating back to Tony Blair.
Image: Christian Turner during a G7 foreign ministers’ meeting in Italy in 2024. Pic: Reuters
The Foreign Office announcement of his appointment describes him as “one of the UK’s most experienced diplomats”. And the top mandarins at the FCDO will be delighted they’ve got their man.
When Lord Mandelson was appointed last year, the senior cabinet minister Peter Kyle told Sky News the government had decided that he was “worth the risk”.
And what a risk it turned out to be. Will they never learn? “Mandy” – as he’s always been known in Westminster – had previously been forced to resign from the cabinet not once, but twice.
Image: Lord Peter Mandelson and Sir Keir Starmer. File pic: PA
He declared in an angry and defiant victory speech when he held his Commons seat in Hartlepool: “I’m a fighter, not a quitter.” But not long after that, he quit to become a Brussels commissioner.
Dr Turner, on the other hand, has enjoyed a stellar and unblemished career as a diplomat. His most high-profile international post so far was high commissioner to Pakistan, where he was said to be immensely popular.
One of his earlier diplomatic posts was high commissioner in Kenya, when he had to lead the UK’s response to the Westgate Mall terrorist attack, in which 71 people were killed.
Image: UK high commissioner to Kenya Christian Turner, right, and US ambassador to Kenya Robert F. Godec, centre, in 2012. File pic: AP
So he’s seen as a safe pair of hands and is unlikely to attract scandal and controversy in the way that his predecessor did, with his relationships with colourful tycoons and oligarchs as well as love of the high life.
Nevertheless, the Washington posting comes with some of the best perks in the diplomatic world, notably the luxurious Lutyens mansion that serves as the ambassador’s residence on Massachusetts Avenue.
Dr Turner saw off some distinguished rivals for the top job in the diplomatic service, including chief Varun Chandra, Sir Keir Starmer‘s business adviser, who is credited with being the architect of recent trade agreements with President Trump.
Image: Varun Chandra. File pic: AP
Until this week, he was seen as the frontrunner for the job, and as a sop for not getting the Washington post, he will now have an expanded role, including taking a lead role in trade talks with the US.
A late entry in what became a three-horse race was Nigel Casey, Britain’s ambassador in Moscow.
But ultimately, he was seen as indispensable in his current role, given the volatile relations with Vladimir Putin and the continuing war in Ukraine.
Image: British Ambassador to Russia Nigel Casey. File pic: Reuters
The PM interviewed all three candidates last week and his choice of Dr Turner is seen as a victory for Sir Olly Robbins, the Foreign Office’s top diplomat, whose career has prospered despite criticism of his role as the UK’s post-Brexit negotiator, over government ministers.
Insiders claim there will be champagne corks popping in the Foreign Office’s King Charles Street HQ because Dr Turner is their man and will report back to the FCDO rather than No 10.
If Lord Mandelson – the “prince of darkness” in his days as a Labour spin doctor – was seen as Sir Keir’s “Trump whisperer”, Dr Turner will be the PM’s – and, more importantly, the Foreign Office’s – eyes and ears.