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A Silicon Valley Bank worker talks with people lining up outside of the bank office on March 13, 2023 in Santa Clara, California.

Justin Sullivan | Getty Images

After turning on CNBC last Thursday to see SVB’s stock price getting hammered and news of venture firms urging startups to hit the exits, EarthOptics CEO Lars Dyrud acted quickly. At 4 p.m. ET, he requested a $25 million wire transfer from Silicon Valley Bank, representing roughly 90% of his company’s deposits.

It was too late. EarthOptics didn’t get a response on Thursday, and the following day SVB was seized by regulators in the second-largest bank failure in U.S. history. Dyrud had no idea when he’d be able to access his company’s deposits, as the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. only guarantees $250,000 per client.

Like thousands of SVB customers, Dyrud was most immediately worried about missing payroll for March 15, which was just a few days away. He spent all day Friday and the weekend devising an emergency plan that centered around a $1 million loan from three board members, including from one investor who would be wiring funds to BambooHR, the company’s paycheck processor.

“We started planning to be without cash for nine months,” said Dyrud, in an interview Tuesday. “We had four plans in place in priority order in case something went wrong.”

Dyrud sent a Slack message to his employees late last week, updating them on the situation.

“We ultimately expect to be made whole but need to prepare for alternate access to cash while this is sorted,” Dyrud wrote in the memo, which he shared with CNBC.

SVB’s speedy collapse sent shock waves across Silicon Valley as the failure of the preeminent bank for venture-backed startups threatened to indefinitely freeze access to the money companies need to pay their staff, vendors and partners, while also destabilizing the banking system.

According to California regulators, investors and depositors withdrew $42 billion from SVB by the end of Thursday after the bank said it was selling $21 billion worth of securities at a loss and trying to raise additional capital. Dyrud feared at the time that it would be the fastest bank run the country has ever seen due to the nature of the clientele and the speed with which information travels.

On Friday afternoon, Dyrud went with his chief administrative officer and controller to a local Wells Fargo branch, in Arlington, Virginia, to open a new account. It was the only bank that would open a same-day account for his 75-person startup, whose technology is used by agricultural companies and farmers to measure the health of their soil.

I think you'll see depositors flow toward the healthiest banks, says WaFd Bank CEO

That evening, Dyrud held a 45-minute board meeting over Zoom to make sure everyone was aware of the gameplan and the loan arrangement, which was structured as an unsecured promissory note. Dyrud said he was on the phone 12 hours a day, starting Thursday.

Four days of panic finally came to an end late Sunday, when regulators announced a plan to backstop deposits and ensure that all clients would be able to retrieve their money starting Monday.

By early this week, EarthOptics had its cash safely in Wells Fargo and was repaying two investors for the loans. Dyrud said he was able to call off the loan from the third investor before the money was sent.

“It was the most heavily negotiated two-day loan ever,” Dyrud said.

Refreshing Google

Otter.ai founder and CEO Sam Liang spent Monday driving to SVB branches in Silicon Valley to try and retrieve millions of dollars of his company’s money.

Liang said the company, whose software transcribes audio from meetings and interviews, tried to initiate a transfer Thursday night, but it never went through.

“We were pretty worried over the weekend, watching the news all the time,” Liang said, in an interview on Monday from the parking lot of the SVB branch in Menlo Park, California. “I checked Google like 20 times an hour, watched [Treasury Secretary Janet] Yellen talking about not bailing out Silicon Valley Bank.”

He woke up at 7 a.m. on Monday and tried logging into his account, but kept getting error messages because the system was overloaded. That’s when he got in his car.

“I figured, OK I’ll just go to an office physically,” Liang said. “I went to the Palo Alto office first. There was a line there, but a guy said they couldn’t do much. I drove from the Palo Alto office to the Menlo Park office.” At that branch, Liang said he waited between 90 minutes and two hours for help.

Liang said he’s lucky that a few months earlier Otter, which has about 100 employees, had moved the majority of its money to another bank, though he didn’t say why. Still, he said the company had a lot of money in SVB — in the millions of dollars, but less than $10 million — which would represent “a huge damage” if it disappeared.

“We need to make sure payroll and everything works,” Liang said.

He wasn’t able to get a hold of all of his money right away, though he’s confident it’s all available following the plan announced by regulators on Sunday.

Silicon Valley Bank customers listen as FDIC representatives, left, speak with them before the opening of a branch SVBs headquarters in Santa Clara, California on March 13, 2023.

Noah Berger | AFP | Getty Images

“I just got a cashier’s check,” he said. “They couldn’t give us everything so they gave us a percentage of the money. We have to do it again probably later today.”

Meanwhile, as clients plotted their next move, SVB’s newly appointed leader sent out a plea for customers to come back home.

Tim Mayopoulos, who was appointed by the FDIC as CEO of the bank, now called Silicon Valley Bridge Bank, emailed customers to tell them that SVB is open for business and ready to receive and hold deposits.

“The number one thing you can do to support the future of this institution is to help us rebuild our deposit base, both by leaving deposits with Silicon Valley Bridge Bank and transferring back deposits that left over the last several days,” Mayopoulos wrote in an email that was also posted on the company’s website.

Liang said Otter opened accounts at two larger banks over the weekend and will “distribute money over multiple banks.”

Dyrud has a similar plan. For now, all of EarthOptics’ cash is parked at Wells Fargo, but he said the company will soon spread some of it to JPMorgan Chase and one other bank.

“It just makes sense,” Dyrud said. “We wouldn’t have been in this position had we had even a second account.”

Dyrud traveled from Washington, D.C., where he’s based, to San Francisco for a conference this week. Dyrud said he’d never done business with SVB prior to running EarthOptics, but he’s spoken with people at the event who have much longer and deeper ties to the bank through venture debt arrangements and other types of financing.

“There are some that are more loyal than I,” he said.

Like buying Taylor Swift tickets

Will Glaser would put himself in the more loyal category, though he had an equally chaotic four days as he tried to shore up his company’s liquidity.

Glaser is founder and CEO of Grabango, a developer of checkout-free shopping technology. He’s a longtime Bay Area technologist, having co-founded Pandora in 2000.

Grabango was more limited than some other companies in how it could respond to the SVB crisis because of the terms of its agreement with the bank. Grabango counts on the bank for a venture debt line, which includes a provision that forbids the company from doing much banking with other institutions.

That exclusivity created a huge headache for Glaser over the weekend. He wasn’t sure how he’d be able to come up with the funds needed to meet March 15 payroll without breaching his company’s covenant with SVB. And nobody was picking up the phone at the bank to tell him it was OK, or alternatively, to help him get an additional short-term loan from SVB.

“I was definitely scrambling with my team and investors to line up alternatives,” Glaser said. “There was never a moment where I thought we’d lose our deposits, but it was definitely a liquidity crunch. Would we have money and time to make payroll?”

Glaser said he was communicating all weekend with his investors and lawyers from Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe. They were discussing all possible contingencies and trying to determine if there were any emergency funding options to pay the company’s 110 staffers without potentially breaking the terms of its SVB contract. That could’ve involved “me funding payroll personally” or “one of our investors leaning in,” he said.

Ultimately, Glaser was relieved of having to make a tough decision. All of Grabango’s cash at the bank, which totals in the double-digits millions, would be available by Monday, in time for the company to transfer money to its payment service provider and meet payroll by Wednesday.

Not that it was smooth sailing on Monday, when Glaser was among the many SVB clients trying to get everything back up and running. The bank’s tech system wasn’t prepared for the onslaught.

“I’m on the SVB website and I felt a little like a teenager trying to buy Taylor Swift tickets,” Glaser said,

Despite the madness that spanned Thursday to Monday, Glaser is now more confident than ever with his banking situation. Prior to the run on SVB, Grabango’s deposits weren’t protected. Now they are, under the government’s action to protect depositors, whether insured or uninsured.

Grabango even pulled down an extra credit line with SVB this week, giving the company more access to capital for its hardware business.

“I think the world will diversify more going forward,” Glaser said. “But at the moment, as long as Silicon Valley Bridge Bank is 100% federally guaranteed, there’s no need to diversify. There’s no safer place to be.”

— CNBC’s Rebecca Smith contributed to this report

WATCH: Here’s how legislators are looking at the collapse of SVB

FDIC sending clear message that bank accounts are safe in America, says Rep. Patrick McHenry

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SoftBank leads decline in Japanese tech stocks as worries over AI spending spill over to Asia

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SoftBank leads decline in Japanese tech stocks as worries over AI spending spill over to Asia

TOKYO, JAPAN – FEBRUARY 03: SoftBank Group CEO Masayoshi Son delivers a speech during an event titled “Transforming Business through AI” in Tokyo, Japan, on February 03, 2025. SoftBank and OpenAI announced that they have agreed a partnership to set up a joint venture for artificial intelligence services in Japan.

Tomohiro Ohsumi | Getty Images News | Getty Images

Japanese tech stocks took a tumble on Thursday as AI infrastructure spending worries on Wall Street crossed the ocean into the Asian markets, with AI-related stocks declining.

Softbank Group Corp was among the top losers in the benchmark Nikkei 225, falling as much as 7.25%, with the index leading losses in Asia, down 1.23%. The group pared some losses and was last trading 3% lower.

This decline comes as the tech-heavy Nasdaq Composite fell 1.81% overnight, dragged by losses in Oracle, Broadcom, Nvidia and other AI plays.

The losses in Oracle came after the Financial Times reported on Wednesday that Blue Owl Capital’s plans to finance the cloud infrastructure company’s $10 billion Michigan data center had stalled. The company last week had refuted a report that said it had delayed some projects for AI major OpenAI to 2028.

Tech-focused SoftBank has seen sharp volatility in its stock over the past month as fears over AI-related spending have gripped the market.

At the start of the year, the group had revealed plans to invest $500 billion in AI infrastructure in the U.S. along with OpenAI, Oracle and other partners, and in September it announced five new U.S. AI data center sites under Stargate, OpenAI’s overarching AI infrastructure platform.

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Other Japanese tech stocks also fell. Semiconductor equipment supplier Advantest, dropped as much as 5%. Counterparts Lasertec, Renesas Electronics and Tokyo Electron declined between 3% and 4%.

Jesper Koll, expert director at Tokyo-based financial services firm Monex Group, said much of what goes into data centers, power centers, and AI hardware enablers is “Made in Japan, and can only be made in Japan.” That makes Japanese tech, especially AI-related stocks more vulnerable to any worries around U.S. tech spending.

On Wednesday, Japan’s trade numbers showed that exports of electrical machinery jumped 7.4%, and semiconductor-related exports surged 13% year on year. Koll said the U.S.-led boom in tech spending was translating into growing exports of specialized machinery and equipment.

Losses were less pronounced in South Korean chip heavyweight Samsung Electronics at 0.93%, while SK Hynix reversed course to gain 0.73%. Taiwan’s TSMC, the world’s largest contract chip manufacturer, was marginally down.

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CNBC Daily Open: Concerns over Oracle’s debt spill over into its projects

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CNBC Daily Open: Concerns over Oracle's debt spill over into its projects

A view of Oracle’s headquarters in Redwood Shores, California.

Justin Sullivan | Getty Images

The apprehension investors have surrounding Oracle has spilled over from manifesting in its stock price — which has fallen nearly 50% from its all-time high on Sept. 10 — to affecting its projects.

Asset management firm Blue Owl Capital reportedly pulled out from Oracle’s $10 billion data center project over unfavorable debt terms, according to the Financial Times, as concerns about the tech giant’s high level of debt mount.

The latest development adds fuel to worries that Oracle could delay the completion of data centers for OpenAI, which were first flagged by Bloomberg on Friday, though the cloud company has denied the report.

Shares of Oracle fell 5.4% Wednesday, putting its month-to-date losses more than 11%. They weighed down related names, such as Broadcom Nvidia and Advanced Micro Devices.

As a result, major U.S. indexes fell. The S&P 500 retreated 1.16% and the Dow Jones Industrial Average dropped 0.47%, while the Nasdaq Composite lost 1.81% in its worst day in nearly a month.

Despite the recent pullback in artificial intelligence stocks, the Bank of America thinks “the AI trade may still have room to run into 2026” — with the important caveat that shares going up does not mean a bubble isn’t forming.

“In our view, such progression validates our thesis that a larger AI bubble continues to build,” analysts at Bank of America wrote.

The trouble, as always, is pinpointing the exact moment before the bubble pops — if that’s even possible.

— CNBC’s Jaures Yip contributed to this report.

What you need to know today

And finally…

A projected illumination marking the 75th anniversary of the Schuman Declaration, on the Grossmarkthalle building at the European Central Bank headquarters in Frankfurt, Germany, on May 9, 2025.

Alex Kraus/Bloomberg via Getty Images

Three holds and a cut? Europe’s central banks are about to make their final calls of 2025

Investors are gearing up for the last interest-rate decisions of 2025, with four of Europe’s central banks announcing their monetary policies and macroeconomic outlooks on Thursday.

The European Central Bank, Bank of England, Riksbank and Norges Bank are all meeting, but only one of them is expected to change its rate.

— Holly Ellyatt and Annette Weisbach

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MetaX and Moore Threads’ IPOs underscore Chinese chipmakers’ growing challenge to Nvidia

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MetaX and Moore Threads' IPOs underscore Chinese chipmakers' growing challenge to Nvidia

MetaX booth at the Shanghai New Expo Center in Shanghai, China, on July 26, 2025. (Photo by Ying Tang/NurPhoto via Getty Images)

Nurphoto | Nurphoto | Getty Images

It felt like déjà vu when shares of chipmaker MetaX Integrated Circuits soared 700% in its Shanghai market debut on Wednesday. Moore Threads surged over 400% on its first day of trading just two weeks earlier.

They’re the latest Chinese AI chip companies the country’s investors are ploughing money into, as it races to develop its own semiconductors and challenge Nvidia’s dominance in the face of U.S. export curbs.

Both are developing graphics processing units (GPUs), the type of chip manufactured by Nvidia and used for advanced AI.

Investor enthusiasm around Chinese AI-chip IPOs is partly shaped by longer-term expectations that China will build a self-sufficient semiconductor ecosystem as tensions with the U.S. continue, Macquarie’s equity analyst Eugene Hsiao told CNBC.

Inside Hong Kong’s ‘multiverse bull market’: Concentrated rallies versus macro risks

Washington has barred sales of Nvidia’s most advanced semiconductors to the country. While U.S. President Donald Trump relaxed export curbs for some Nvidia chips, regulators in the country were planning to limit access to the company’s processors, the Financial Times reported earlier this month, as it looks to wean itself off overseas tech in the AI race. 

None of China’s AI chipmakers — which include a cohort of tech giants like Huawei, Alibaba and Baidu — have been able to develop processors comparable to Nvidia’s most advanced so far.

But while significant barriers remain in overcoming export control restrictions in some areas of its chip supply chain, like equipment, it’s made significant strides in others, such as memory. 

Here’s how the market of China’s AI chip Nvidia rivals is shaping up.

Huawei

Privately-owned tech giant Huawei develops the Ascend series of chips, with its next-generation model, the 950, to be launched in 2026. Nvidia told CNBC that “competition has undeniably arrived” when the new systems were announced.

While its previous Ascend models have not been considered competitive with Nvidia’s on a chip-by-chip basis, Huawei has been able to build high-performance “clusters” to rival the US chipmaker’s most advanced systems by linking more of its processors.

“This strategy relies on high-speed, potentially optical interconnects to move data quickly across large clusters – a setup that doesn’t require top-end chips and therefore suits China’s current strengths,” Brady Wang, associate director at Counterpoint Research, told CNBC in November.

Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang calls Huawei a formidable competitor

Baidu

China’s biggest search platform, Baidu, has increasingly funneled more resources into AI and is a majority shareholder in chip designer Kunlunxin. In November, the company unveiled a five-year roadmap for its Kunlun AI chips, unveiling new processors in 2026 and 2027.

Baidu, which is traded on the Nasdaq, uses a combination of self-developed chips and Nvidia products in its data centers to run its in-house AI models. The company has looked to position itself as a “full-stack” provider, producing chips, servers, data centers, and AI models and applications.

“Kunlunxin has emerged as a leading domestic AI chip developer, focusing on high-performance AI chips for large language model (LLM) training and inference, cloud computing, and telecom and enterprise workloads,” analysts at Deutsche Bank said in a note in November.

JPMorgan said in a November note that it viewed the Kunlun AI chip as one of the “best-positioned” as Chinese hyperscalers increasingly source from local solution providers.

Alibaba

E-commerce giant Alibaba — which is sometimes compared with Amazon as it is one of the biggest cloud providers locally — began developing AI chips in the late 2010s. It was developing a new AI chip in August, CNBC reported, specifically designed for inference rather than training.

Alibaba’s share rose in September after reports that the company had secured a major customer for its AI chips.  

“Improved performance of its self-developed chip” was one of the factors that supported revenue growth in the cloud division at Alibaba, Morningstar analyst Chelsey Tam said in September.

Cambricon

Cambricon, which is developing chips for AI training and inference, posted record profits in the first half of 2025 as revenue surged. The chipmaker, founded in 2016, said revenue rose more than 4,000% year-on-year to 2.88 billion Chinese yuan ($402.7 million) and net profit hit a record 1.04 billion yuan.

“We view Cambricon as the most plausible winner in China’s AI accelerator market, which is still at its early stage when compared to the US market on chip accessibility issue,” Jamie Mills O’Brien, investment director at investment group Aberdeen, told CNBC by email.

“We see multiple roadblocks being digested in next 1-2 years, including fab maturity, client acceptance, and ecosystem formation, which is likely to set Cambricon a ‘good enough’ alternative to Nvidia’s downgraded chips in China.”

An illustration photo shows Moore Threads logo in a smartphone in Suqian, Jiangsu Province, China on October 30, 2025.

Cfoto | Future Publishing | Getty Images

Other AI chip companies

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