Asian stock markets have fallen dramatically amid escalating fears of a global trade war – as Donald Trump called his tariffs “medicine” and showed no sign of backing down.

Hong Kong’s Hang Seng index of shares closed down 13.2% – its biggest one-day drop since 1997, while the Shanghai composite index lost 7.3% – the worst fall there since 2020.

Elsewhere, Japan’s Nikkei 225 lost 7.8%, while London’s FTSE 100 was down 4.85% by 9am.

Tariffs latest – FTSE falls after Asian markets tumble

US stock market futures signalled further losses were ahead when trading begins in America later.

At 4am EST, the S&P 500 futures was down 4.93%, the Dow Jones 4.32% and the Nasdaq 5.33%.

Markets are reacting to ongoing uncertainty over the impact of President Trump’s tariff regime on goods imported to the US, which he announced last week.

Speaking on Air Force One on Sunday, Mr Trump said foreign governments would have to pay “a lot of money” to lift his tariffs.

“I don’t want anything to go down. But sometimes you have to take medicine to fix something,” he said.

The US president said world leaders were trying to convince him to lower further tariffs, which are due to come into effect this week.

“I spoke to a lot of leaders, European, Asian, from all over the world,” Mr Trump told reporters.

“They’re dying to make a deal. And I said, we’re not going to have deficits with your country.

“We’re not going to do that because to me, a deficit is a loss. We’re going to have surpluses or, at worst, going to be breaking even.”

Mr Trump, who spent much of the weekend playing golf in Florida, posted on his Truth Social platform: “WE WILL WIN. HANG TOUGH, it won’t be easy.”

On Saturday, US customs agents began collecting Mr Trump’s baseline 10% tariff.

Higher “reciprocal” tariffs of between 11% and 50% – depending on the country – are due to come into effect on Wednesday.

President Trump believes his policy will ultimately make the US richer, creating jobs and forcing companies to relocate more of their manufacturing to America.

However, his announcement has jolted economies around the world, triggered retaliatory levies from China and sparked fears of a global trade war.

Investors and world leaders are unsure whether the US tariffs are here to stay or a negotiating tactic to win concessions from other countries.

Richard Flax, chief investment officer at Moneyfarm, said: “I guess there was some hope over the weekend that maybe we would see this as part of the start of a negotiation.

“But the messages that we’ve so far seen suggest that the President Trump is comfortable with the market reaction and that he’s going to continue on this course.

Goldman Sachs has raised the odds of a US recession to 45%, joining other investment banks that have also revised forecasts.

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In the UK, Sir Keir Starmer has promised “bold changes” and said he would relax rules around electric vehicles as British carmakers deal with a new 25% US tariff on vehicles.

The prime minister said “global trade is being transformed” by President Trump’s actions.

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Meanwhile, KPMG warned tariffs on UK exports could see GDP growth fall to 0.8% in 2025 and 2026.

The accountancy firm said higher tariffs on specific categories, such as cars, aluminium and steel, would more than offset the exemption on pharmaceutical exports, leaving the effective tariff rate on UK exports around 12%.

Yael Selfin, chief economist at KPMG UK, said: “Given the economic impact that tariffs would cause, there is a strong incentive to seek a negotiated settlement that diminishes the need for tariffs.

“The UK automotive manufacturing sector is particularly exposed given the complex supply chains of some producers.”

A second child in Texas with measles has died as the outbreak of the childhood disease reached nearly 500 cases in the state, officials have said.

The unvaccinated schoolgirl, who had no underlying health conditions, died on Thursday in hospital from measles pulmonary failure, the Texas Department of State Health Services said.

She was being treated for complications from the illness, a spokesperson for University Medical Center Children’s Hospital in Lubbock said in an email.

The girl was recently diagnosed with the viral disease, NBC, Sky’s US partner said, quoting from the hospital’s statement issued on Sunday.

Two children have now died in Texas since an outbreak of measles in late January in Gaines County, where the vaccination rate is about 82%, below the 95% believed to ensure those who cannot be vaccinated are safe.

An adult in New Mexico is also suspected of having died from measles, NBC said, calling the deaths the first from the disease in the US for 10 years.

US President Donald Trump, speaking to reporters on Air Force One on Sunday, said that, if the outbreak continues, his administration will “have to take action very strongly”.

US Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F Kennedy Jr, identified the child as eight-year-old Daisy Hildebrand and said he visited Texas on Sunday to comfort the child’s family.

Pictures were published of him at the girl’s funeral in Seminole, northwest Texas.

In a post on X, Mr Kennedy, a vaccine sceptic who says it should be a personal choice, said vaccines are nonetheless the best protection against the illness.

He said the MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine is “the most effective way to prevent the spread of measles”, confirming that, as of Sunday, there were 642 confirmed cases of measles in the US, 499 of those in Texas.

The Texas Department of State Health Services said, as of Friday, 481 cases of measles had been confirmed, a rise of 14% in a week.

They include six infants and toddlers at a Lubbock day care centre that tested positive in the past two weeks.

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Two of those children are among 56 people who have been treated in hospital for measles in the area since the outbreak started, NBC said, quoting health officials.

Measles is one of the most contagious viruses for humans. In serious cases, infections can cause complications including pneumonia, encephalitis, dehydration and blindness.

The Texas Department of State Health Services described it as a “highly contagious viral infection, which can cause life-threatening illness to anyone who is not vaccinated”.

Early symptoms can include a fever, cough and a runny nose, developing into a red-brown rash and high temperature.

Elon Musk, who already suggested Tesla invest in xAI, is now setting the stage for the public company under his control to grossly overpay for xAI, a private company under his control that just absorbed Twitter (X).

Anyone invested in a mutual fund that owns Tesla shares could be about to bail out Musk and his billionaire friends.

At $44 billion, Musk knew he was overpaying for Twitter and tried to back out of the deal.

Within a year of Musk taking Twitter private, Fidelity Investments, which invested in Musk’s Twitter acquisition, revalued its investment as being down 65% from its purchase price.

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A year later, in October 2024, Fidelity valued Twitter, X by now, at just $10 billion.

That’s not surprising since Musk had Twitter take on $12 billion in debt as part of the take-private deal, and revenue fell by roughly half under his leadership.

To take Twitter private, Musk personally financed the deal with $25 billion of his own and his existing stake in Twitter, $12 billion in debt, and about $7 billion in investment from his friends.

As of October, most of that equity was gone, but Musk wasn’t about to let a loss slide on his record.

In 2023, he launched xAI, a private company under his control that develops AI products. Tesla investors are suing him for breach of fiduciary duty and resource tunneling over the founding of xAI since he had previously stated that Tesla would be a big player in AI and simultaneously threatened not to build AI products at Tesla if he didn’t get more control of the company, but let’s put that aside for now.

When raising money for xAI in 2023, Axios reported on how Musk might use the AI company as a “plan B to save Twitter” and Musk responded:

“I have never lost money for those who invest in me and I am not starting now.”

Who are these people who invested in Twitter with Musk? There’s a long list, but two of the biggest investors are Prince Alwaleed bin Talal, a Saudi Arabian billionaire and head of Kingdom Holding Company, and Larry Ellison, billionaire co-founder of Oracle. Both are close friends of Musk.

VC firms Andreessen Horowitz and Sequoia Capital, Qatar’s sovereign wealth fund, the highly controversial crypto exchange Binance, and the previously mentioned Fidelity Investments have also invested in the deal.

By the end of 2024, those people were basically writing down 80% of their investment in Twitter, as per Fidelity.

However, a few months later, in March 2025, X was somehow valued back at $44 billion as part of a “so-called secondary deal.” Some took this information as news that X had turned around, but many were skeptical that the valuation could have gone from $10 billion to $44 billion in just 5 months.

Sure enough, we quickly learned that the new valuation had little to do with improved financials at X and was instead based on Musk pushing for xAI to buy X at $45 billion through an all-stock acquisition. A company’s valuation is only what someone is willing to pay for it and Musk was willing for xAI to “pay” $45 billion.

In late March, Musk announced that xAI had acquired X in a deal valuing xAI at $80 billion and X at $45 billion, while xAI would take on X’s $12 billion debt.

The world’s richest man was not shy about highlighting the controversial self-dealing here:

It’s worth noting that xAI had raised only $12 billion at a $40 billion valuation with virtually no revenue as of December 2024, and now it’s a $125 billion company, based entirely on Musk’s valuation, with $12 billion in debt.

How does Tesla plays into this?

Musk has promised Tesla shareholders that the Twitter acquisition would be good for the company. That was after he sold tens of billions of dollars worth of Tesla stocks to buy Twitter – sending Tesla’s stock crashing.

Tesla shareholders haven’t really seen a return on that yet unless you count a brief surge in stock price after Trump was elected, with the help of Musk and X, but the stock has since erased all those gains since Trump came into office.

Now, xAI is the plan B.

Last summer, Musk suggested that Tesla invests $5 billion in xAI, but that was before the company acquired X. Musk will need shareholder’s approval for a deal between xAI and Tesla, which would happen at Tesla’s shareholders meeting – generally held in June.

Now, Tesla’s CEO, who has been complaining about his eroding control of Tesla after selling shares to buy Twitter, has greatly inflated the value of xAI through this acquisition of X ahead of the potential investment.

Musk has also discussed Tesla integrating Grok, xAI’s large language model, into its products, specifically its electric vehicles.

A post on X this weekend suggested that this might be happening soon:

ChatGPT, OpenAI’s LLM, has already been integrated in many vehicles, including from the Volkswagen Group, Peugeot, and Mercedes-Benz.

Electrek’s Take

The grift never stops. As I have been saying for years, Musk is not equipped to be an executive of a public company, and this is just the latest example.

If all these entities were private, and he was taking his affluent private investor friends on a ride, I wouldn’t have any problem with this, but Tesla is a public company included in many ETFs and mutual funds. Many people own Tesla stocks without even knowing.

But as Musk said himself, he doesn’t let people who invested in him lose money. Does that include Tesla investors?

I don’t think it does anymore.

There’s an argument to be made that Tesla shareholders should already own Musk’s stake in xAI. That’s what the breach of fiduciary duty lawsuit is about. Musk said that Tesla was “a world leader in AI’ and said that AI products would be critical to the company’s future.

Then, he starts a private AI company and threaten Tesla shareholders that he will not build AI products at Tesla if he doesn’t get more than 25% control over the company. That’s a clear breach of fiduciary duties to Tesla shareholders as the CEO of Tesla, but it will likely take years to solve this through courts.

In the meantime, Musk is pushing for Tesla to invest in xAI, which is now valued at $125 billion – a number completely made up by Musk.

Grok is not a bad product, but it ranks below OpenAI’s ChatGPT and Google’S Gemini in most AI rankings. It also relies too heavily on information from X, which is far from reliable. Most experts see xAI as being way behind OpenAI and other AI companies, which are already generating significant revenue.

Now, I doubt Musk will still push for a $5 billion investment from Tesla. I don’t think that Musk will want Tesla to spend 15% of its cash position on this amid delcinign earnings and a very difficult macroeconomic situation.

I wouldn’t be surprised to see Musk pushing for Tesla to invest in xAI as part of a stock deal.

The timing would be good for Musk. Tesla’s current brand issues, lower deliveries, crashing earnings have led to a much lower share price on top of the crashing US stock market. If Tesla’s share price is lower, Musk can get more shares for his made-up valuation of xAI.

Musk likely owns more than 50% of xAI post X acquisition. A stock deal would virtually result in him getting half of the Tesla stocks that are part of the deal – boosting his stake in Tesla, which has been his goal since selling his stake to buy an overpriced Twitter.

In short, Musk sold Tesla stocks to buy an overpriced Twitter, regretted it and threatened Tesla shareholders to get more shares. Now, he might get Tesla shareholders to pay for the acquisition again at the same ridiculous valuation.

The craziest thing about all of this is that I bet Tesla shareholders are going to approve this scheme.