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Blue-ringed octopuses contain a powerful neurotoxin called tetrodotoxin, which can be lethal to humans in small doses. (Image credit: James Reynolds)

A woman in Australia was recently bitten multiple times by a blue-ringed octopus — one of the world’s most toxic animals — and lived to tell the tale.

Blue-ringed octopuses are a group comprising four species: the greater blue-ringed octopus (Hapalochlaena lunulata), the southern blue-ringed octopus (Hapalochlaena maculosa), the blue-lined octopus (Hapalochlaena fasciata) and the common blue-ringed octopus (Hapalochlaena nierstraszi). These octopuses are small enough to fit in the palm of your hand and are covered in tiny rings that flash with an iridescent blue when the animals are threatened. Blue-ringed octopuses also contain tetrodotoxin, a powerful neurotoxin that can paralyze and kill humans even in small doses.

On March 16, the woman was bitten twice on her abdomen by an unknown species of blue-ringed octopus at a beach near Sydney in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. She had collected a small shell while swimming, and when she picked it up to look at it, the tiny cephalopod fell out and landed on her stomach, the NSW Ambulance service wrote on Facebook (opens in new tab) .

The woman experienced some abdominal pain and was treated with cold compresses before being taken to the hospital to be monitored for more symptoms, according to NSW Ambulance. It is unclear why the woman escaped relatively unharmed.

Related: 30 unusual poisonous animals

Tetrodotoxin stops nerves from signaling to muscles by blocking sodium ion channels. This causes rapid weakening and paralysis of muscles, including those of the respiratory tract, which can lead to respiratory arrest and death. The effects of tetrodotoxin can occur rapidly or have a delayed onset, so death can occur anywhere between 20 minutes and 24 hours after the toxin enters the body, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (opens in new tab) . 

There is no known antidote for tetrodotoxin. All health care practitioners can do is provide supportive care or use a ventilator if patients are unable to breathe, according to the CDC.

Blue-ringed octopuses do not create tetrodotoxin themselves. Instead, the toxin is produced by symbiotic bacteria that live in their salivary glands, according to the Australian Institute of Marine Science (opens in new tab) . Tetrodotoxin is found throughout the octopus’s tissues, not just in specific venom glands, which makes them some of the few animals that are both poisonous and venomous. It also means that a person can receive a lethal dose if one of these octopuses touches their skin.

Despite being so toxic, blue-ringed octopuses have caused only three confirmed deaths, according to WebMD (opens in new tab) .

Blue-ringed octopuses flash their iridescent rings to warn predators of their toxicity. (Image credit: Subaqueosshutterbug / Getty)

The iridescent blue rings that flash on the octopuses’ bodies warn predators of their toxicity. They can flash their rings in less than 0.4 seconds, thanks to tiny color-changing organs called chromatophores, which are dotted across the animals’ skin.

While blue-ringed octopuses rarely kill people, there have been plenty of close calls.RELATED STORIES—Octopuses torture and eat themselves after mating. Science finally knows why.

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In 2006, a 4-year-old boy was almost killed after being bitten by an octopus he picked up in a rock pool on a beach in Queensland. The boy vomited several times before developing blurred vision and then losing control of most of his muscles, according to a case report published in the journal Clinical Toxicology (opens in new tab) . After spending 17 hours on a ventilator, he eventually made a full recovery. 

And in March 2021, a woman was heavily criticized online after sharing a video of herself holding a blue-ringed octopus in Bali, although she did not know it was highly toxic at the time and escaped unscathed, according to Insider (opens in new tab) .

Blue-ringed octopuses aren’t the only animals that contain tetrodotoxin; it can be found in some newts, frogs and puffer fish. 

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English cricket goes into bat with bulk of £520m Hundred windfall

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English cricket goes into bat with bulk of £520m Hundred windfall

English cricket’s governing body will on Wednesday hail a landmark moment for the sport when it announces that three-quarters of the deals to bring in new investors to The Hundred have been completed.

Sky News understands that the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB) plans to issue a statement confirming that it has received proceeds from the sale of stakes in Birmingham Phoenix, London Spirit, Manchester Originals, Northern Superchargers, Southern Brave and Welsh Fire.

The two other franchise deals – involving the Oval Invincibles and Nottinghamshire’s Trent Rockets – will be completed on October 1, the ECB is expected to say.

One insider said a statement was likely to be issued on Wednesday, although they cautioned that the timing could slip.

When all eight deals are concluded, they will generate a collective windfall of £520m for the sport’s strained coffers.

Last week, Sky News revealed that unresolved talks between India’s richest family and Surrey County Cricket Club – which hosts the Oval Invincibles Hundred team – were threatening to delay the delivery of a vast windfall for the sport.

One of the outstanding issues relates to the name under which the Oval Invincibles will play in future years, with the Ambani family keen to use a derivative of the Mumbai Indians brand that it also owns.

More on The Hundred

This week’s announcement will come after months of talks after the ECB and the eight Hundred-playing counties agreed exclusivity periods with their preferred investors.

The backers include some of the world’s most prominent financiers, billionaires and technology executives.

Following protracted talks, the ECB has agreed to revised terms with the investors, with host venues now retaining control of their teams’ intellectual property rights.

The investors will also hold an effective veto over future expansion of the Hundred, while the ECB will be barred from launching any other short-form professional version of the sport while the Hundred remains operational.

Meanwhile, the governing body will retain full ownership of the competition itself as well as controlling the regulation of it and the window within which it can be played each year.

The ECB has been waiting for investors in the eight franchises to sign participation agreements since an auction in February, which valued the participating teams at just over £975m.

Some of the deals involve the investors owning 49% of their respective franchise, while India’s Sun TV Network has taken full ownership of Yorkshire’s Northern Superchargers.

The proceeds of its stake sales will be distributed to all of English cricket’s professional counties as well as £50m being delivered to the grassroots game.

The windfalls are being seen as a lifeline for many cash-strapped counties which have been struggling under significant debt piles for many years.

The most valuable Hundred sale saw a group of technology tycoons, including executives from Google and Microsoft, paying about £145m for a 49% stake in Lord’s-based London Spirit.

This year’s tournament kicks off next week with fixtures including a clash between the two London-based franchises.

The ECB declined to comment.

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British Palestinians call UK plan to recognise Palestinian state ‘absurd and performative’

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British Palestinians call UK plan to recognise Palestinian state 'absurd and performative'

British Palestinians have called Sir Keir Starmer’s decision to recognise Palestine as a state if Israel does not abide by conditions “absurd and performative” – and will not allay concerns about people in Gaza.

After recalling his cabinet ministers from parliamentary recess on Tuesday, the prime minister said the UK will recognise a Palestinian state by September if Israel agrees to end the “appalling situation in Gaza”.

Gaza latest: ‘Worse-case scenario of famine’ unfolding

The British Palestinian Committee (BPC), which represents the experiences of Palestinians in the UK, sent Sir Keir a letter ahead of the meeting urging him to take actions they said could make a real difference to people in Gaza.

They had urged him to not recognise Palestine as a state without taking measures to “end the genocide” in Gaza, calling it “symbolic” and said it “must not be used to deflect from accountability”.

After Sir Keir announced his plan to recognise Palestine, Dr Sarah Husseini, BPC director, told Sky News the plan is “absurd while Israel continues to exterminate and starve women, men and children”.

She added: “What is needed is urgent accountability for the genocide in Gaza and an end to UK military support to the state committing these crimes.

“This performative announcement does little to allay the concerns of Palestinians in this country. It will not relieve the government of its legal duties, and it will not silence the calls from the British public to end British complicity in the atrocities being livestreamed to their phones.”

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Sky News on board Gaza aid plane

The war has now been going on for 21 months after it was sparked by Hamas militants killing 1,200 Israelis and taking 250 hostages on 7 October 2023. The militant group still holds 50 hostages, of whom only 20 are believed to be alive.

Sir Keir had been under pressure from his own MPs and other UK political parties, notably since France last week said it will recognise Palestine as a state, but had resisted – saying recognition needs to be part of a wider peace plan.

He has also refused to say whether “genocide” is taking place in Gaza – a claim Israel has vehemently denied.

Israel paused fighting in three areas for another 10 hours today to help aid distribution, the third day it has done so amid mounting international condemnation of the scenes of hunger unfolding in Gaza.

David Mencer, a spokesperson for the Israeli government, said: “There is no intent, (which is) key for the charge of genocide… it simply doesn’t make sense for a country to send in 1.9 million tonnes of aid, most of that being food, if there is an intent of genocide.”

Israel also rejected Sir Keir’s plan and accused him of pandering to his MPs and the French.

The Israeli foreign ministry said: “The shift in the British government’s position at this time, following the French move and internal political pressures, constitutes a reward for Hamas and harms efforts to achieve a ceasefire in Gaza and a framework for the release of hostages.”

Read more:
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The view from a plane dropping aid into Gaza

Palestinians wait to receive food from a charity kitchen, amid a hunger crisis, in Gaza City, July 28, 2025. REUTERS/Khamis Al-Rifi
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The BPC said the UK could take immediate steps to help starving Gazans. Pic: Reuters

In the BPC’s letter, it had said the government has “not only a political and moral obligation, but a legal obligation” to take three steps.

They are:

• Preventing and punishing Israel’s “genocide” in Gaza and to end “all complicity in it”

• Apply “immediate and comprehensive sanctions on Israel”

• Safeguard the rights to freedom of expression and assembly in the UK

More specifically, the group called on Sir Keir to end “all forms of military collaboration, urgently review all public contracts to ensure they are not aiding unlawful occupation or genocidal acts, and support universal jurisdiction mandates”.

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Has Trump broken from Netanyahu over Gaza?

The group said these steps would help towards ending the starvation crisis in Gaza, which it said had been made possible “due to the impunity granted to” Israel and “compounded by the active military, economic and diplomatic support from states such as the UK”.

They also accused the UK government of introducing “draconian legislation to limit the rights” of British citizens campaigning to end the atrocities “and British complicity in those atrocities”.

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Politics

Nigel Farage demands apology over ‘disgusting’ Jimmy Savile comparison

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Nigel Farage demands apology over 'disgusting' Jimmy Savile comparison

Nigel Farage has demanded an apology from a cabinet minister who claimed his opposition to online safety laws meant he was “on the side” of predators including the late Jimmy Savile.

The Reform UK leader said the comments by Peter Kyle, the science and technology secretary, were “disgusting” and urged him to retract his statement.

In a broadcast from Reform UK’s London headquarters, Mr Farage played back Peter Kyle’s comments, made to Sky News, and said they were “so below the belt”.

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“Well this is so absolutely disgusting that it’s almost beyond belief,” he said. “Just how low can the Labour government sink in its desperation.

“Yes, of course they’re in trouble. They’re well behind us in the opinion polls. But frankly, to say that I would do anything that would in any way aid and abet people like Jimmy Savile, it’s so below the belt.”

He was joined in his condemnation by former Reform chair Zia Yusuf.

More on Labour

“It’s one of the most outrageous and disgusting things a politician has said in the political arena that I can remember,” he told Wilfred Frost on Sky News.

“What it also shows is Labour have no idea how the internet actually works, which is why they aren’t willing to admit this act, despite its name, is actually going to make children less safe.

“It also shows how deeply unserious they are about child safety. Labelling that allegation, talking about Jimmy Savile in that way, does nothing other than denigrate the victims of Jimmy Savile.”

Mr Kyle claimed to Wilfred Frost on Sky News Breakfast that Mr Farage’s opposition to the Online Safety Act, which aims to restrict children’s access to harmful content online, meant he was “on the side” of “extreme pornographers”.

He accused Mr Farage of wanting to “turn the clock right back” after the Reform leader vowed to repeal the act over free speech concerns.

“I see that Nigel Farage is already saying that he’s going to overturn these laws,” he said.

“So you know, we have people out there who are extreme pornographers, peddling hate, peddling violence. Nigel Farage is on their side.

“Make no mistake about it, if people like Jimmy Savile were alive today, he’d be perpetrating his crimes online. And Nigel Farage is saying that he’s on their side.”

Asked to clarify his comments, Mr Kyle said: “Nigel Farage is on the side of turning the clock back to the time when strange adults, strangers can get in touch via messaging apps with children.”

Shortly after Mr Farage’s response, Mr Kyle doubled down on his comments, posting on X: “If you want to overturn the Online Safety Act you are on the side of predators. It is as simple as that.”

The Labour Party also tweeted:” Nigel Farage wants to scrap vital protections for young people online. Reform offers anger but no answers.”

The Online Safety Act, which was passed in 2023, requires online platforms such as social media sites and search engines to take steps to prevent children accessing harmful content such as pornography or material that encourages suicide.

The rules of the act, which came into effect on 25 July, include introducing age verification for websites and ensuring algorithms do not work to harm children by exposing them to such content when they are online.

Failure to comply with the new rules could incur fines of up to £18m or 10% of a firm’s global turnover, whichever is greater.

At a press conference on Monday, Mr Farage and Mr Yusuf vowed to scrap the “dystopian” act, arguing it did “absolutely nothing to protect children” but worked to “suppress freedom of speech” and “force social media companies to censor anti-government speech”.

Describing the legislation as “the greatest assault on freedom of speech in our lifetimes”, Mr Yusuf vowed to repeal the act “as one of the first things a Reform government does”.

He also argued that children are circumventing age checks on adult websites using VPNs (Virtual Private Networks) to make it appear as if they are located outside the UK.

He also said such restrictions would push children to the dark web.

“Sending all of these kids onto VPNs is a far worse situation, and sends them much closer to the dark web, where the real dangers lie,” he said.

Read more:
What is the Online Safety Act?
Suicide forum first to be investigated by Ofcom under new online safety laws

Reform UK party leader Nigel Farage speaking during a press conference.
Pic Reuters
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Reform UK party leader Nigel Farage speaking during a news conference. Pic Reuters

Asked what he would do to protect children online, Mr Farage acknowledged he did not have “a perfect answer” but said his party had “more access to some of the best tech brains, not just in the country but in the world” and would “make a much better job of it”.

The Online Safety Act was introduced in part to make the internet safer for children following the death of Molly Russell, whose inquest found that she died from “an act of self-harm while suffering from depression and the negative effects of online content”.

Andy Burrows, chief executive of the Molly Rose Foundation, said scrapping the act “would be a retrograde move that would not only put children at greater risk but is out of step with the mood of the public”.

Anyone feeling emotionally distressed or suicidal can call Samaritans for help on 116 123 or email jo@samaritans.org in the UK. In the US, call the Samaritans branch in your area or 1 (800) 273-TALK

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