NEW DELHI – India has been taking measures to wean off dependence on China for ingredients that go into making a variety of drugs, including antibiotics.
But three years after the Covid-19 pandemic disrupted supply chains from China, India is still a long way off from reducing imports of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) chemicals responsible for the therapeutic effect of drugs, noted industry experts.
Instead, India imported APIs and drugs worth 352.49 billion rupees (S$5.7 billion) in 2021-22, up from 285.29 billion rupees the previous year, according to government figures.
In the northern state of Himachal Pradesh, construction has started on a pharmaceutical park spread over 362 ha, while in the western state of Gujarat, work has started on a similar park spread over 809 ha.
Land for a third park is being acquired in the southern state of Andhra Pradesh.
The parks, which are expected to be ready in two years time, are in addition to the government giving Production Linked Incentives (PLIs) worth US$2 billion (S$2.6 billion) for manufacturing 53 APIs such as levofloxacin, an antibiotic used to treat pneumonia, for which India is heavily dependent on China.
Manufacturing has already started for about three dozen APIs like para-aminophenol, a raw material for paracetamol, but volumes have yet to reach a point where imports can be cut, noted industry experts.
The realisation of the benefit of the (PLI) scheme will take time as the incubation time is high, said Mr Sudarshan Jain, secretary general of the Indian Pharmaceutical Alliance.
Under the PLI scheme, different incentives are given for different products over a period of time. For instance, products that require fermentation, a process to create microorganisms for antibiotics and others, will get 20 per cent of the total cost to push up manufacturing between FY24-27.
On the pharmaceutical parks, Mr Jain said: India aims to create clusters for developing an ecosystem for bulk drug manufacturers. These clusters will be of great help as they facilitate faster clearance, efficiency and product development initiatives.
India is the biggest supplier of generic drugs in the world, meeting more than half of global demand for many vaccines. Still, the US$42 billion sector is heavily dependent on China for APIs.
According to a government report, India imports about 68 per cent of its APIs from China as it is a cheaper option than manufacturing them domestically.
And the dependence on China for certain life-saving antibiotics such as penicillin and azithromycin, used to treat bacterial infections such as bronchitis, is about 80 per cent to 90 per cent, according to industry data. More On This Topic India ready to export fever drugs to China amid Covid-19 surge India probes Uzbekistans claim that 18 children died after taking India-made cough syrup Mr Deepak Jotwani, assistant vice-president and sector head of corporate ratings at ICRA, an India-based credit rating agency, assessed that dependence will go down only over a four- to five-year period.
He noted that for some drugs like the entire requirement of certain fermentation-based APIs like penicillin and erythromycin are being sourced from China.
And then there are some APIs that are made only in China like Penicillin Gand 7-aminocephalosporanic acid, the key raw materials required for manufacturing cephalosporins, used for making certain antibiotics.
For real impact on reducing imports from China, industryexperts said the requirement was to get middle-level pharma firms to increase manufacturing and push innovation.
A majority of firms that have applied for incentives under the PLI scheme are major companies like Sun Pharmaceutical Industries and Dr. Reddys Laboratories.
The volume drivers from the middle-tier players are still not very well engaged, said Mr Naveen Kulkarni, chief executive of biotransformation company Quantumzyme, on the PLI scheme.
One of the primary reasons could be that the high-value products requiring fermentation capabilities are received sceptically by mid-level players, who are not willing to move out of their comfort zone, he said.
He noted that the governments incentive scheme, which runs for six years, could also be a deterrent and perceived as risky by the mid-level players, who are enjoying a better bottom line with extremely low risk. More On This Topic Critical tuberculosis drug set to be cheaper after India removes J&Js patent protection India awaits WHO information on any cough syrup link to Gambia deaths Import dependence is expected to remain high in the interim because domestic demand is expected to increase, even as India is set to overtake China as the nation with the worlds largest population at 1.4 billion people
It will, however, take time for these local manufacturing capacities to develop large-scale outputs. In the meantime, rising domestic demand for drug intermediates is likely to preserve the import dependence on China, said Dr Amitendu Palit, a senior research fellow and research lead (trade and economics) at the Institute of South Asian Studies in Singapore.
Firms that have started increasing capacity include biopharmaceutical company Biocon.
Our immunosuppressant facility in Visakhapatnam and peptides facility in Bengaluru… are expected to go live in FY24, with more projects in the pipeline, said Mr Siddharth Mittal, managing director and chief executive of Biocon.
Without going into details, a spokesman for pharmaceutical firm Glenmark, said: As a beneficiary, we have enhanced our development efforts on complex products as well as towards increasing our manufacturing capacity under the (PLI) scheme.
Initial searches for Trump’s name within the Department of Justice search function returned nothing, while the presence of former president Bill Clinton, on the other hand, was everywhere.
It is PR strategy 101 – front-load the release of documents with the Democrat stuff and save any possible Trump content for a soft landing sometime between Christmas and New Year.
By that time, the public will have softened its focus on the story – it’s what the festive season does.
The presence of celebrity in the latest release might also feather Trump’s bed.
It’s clear that iconic superstars like Mick Jagger and Diana Ross were courted by Epstein as innocents, ignorant of his criminality. To see them in the files cements a narrative of a monster who lured the unsuspecting into his orbit.
We support Jagger and Ross as treasured icons, so we remind ourselves that simply being included in the files doesn’t equate to wrongdoing or knowledge of it. In turn, it shapes an empathy around the predicament that will extend to Trump and, perhaps, the benefit of any doubt.
Of course, not everyone will see it that way – the people who see a cynical exercise in delay and obfuscation, constituting a gross insult to the Epstein survivors at the heart of the story.
Image: Jeffrey Epstein and Michael Jackson. Pic: US DoJ
For all the talk (by the Trump administration) of a tight time scale and a willingness to act transparently, survivors and their supporters point out that Donald Trump could have published all the Epstein files long ago, never mind drip feed them with wide-ranging redactions.
Not to have done so is an affront to them and an attempt to evade accountability.
For all the talk about the release of the files, their significance is undermined by the lack of context. We are shown pictures and documents that reflect the life of a thoroughly unpleasant individual who inflicted suffering on an industrial scale. But with redactions, and without explanations, we are left having to join the dots in an effort to establish criminal behaviour and blame.
It is a level of uncertainty surrounding the Epstein files and a source of dissatisfaction to survivors, for whom justice further delayed is justice further denied.
The Delaware Supreme Court made its ruling in the fight over Tesla CEO Elon Musk’s $55 billion pay package from 2018, reversing the Court of Chancery’s decision and reinstating the pay package.
But the Court still penalized Musk $1 plus attorney’s fees due to the award’s unfairness.
The ruling is the latest and likely last step in the long story behind Musk’s excessive pay package, tied to company performance milestones, which was first approved by shareholders in 2018 and worth approximately $55 billion if all milestones were met. At current share prices, the award is worth more like $139 billion.
For a short recap, TSLA shareholders approved a compensation package in 2018 which would award Musk, and dilute all other shareholders by around 8%, if the company reached financial targets the company claimed were difficult to achieve.
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That package ended up being subject to a lawsuit, which alleged that Tesla misled investors when campaigning for the compensation package and that the board was too cozy with Musk himself, such that they did his bidding rather than acting in an independent manner.
The Delaware Court of Chancery, where Tesla used to be legally domiciled, found that argument persuasive, and ruled to rescind Musk’s entire pay package.
Delaware has long been known to be one of the most business friendly places for companies to host their legal domiciles. But after the ruling, Musk encouraged companies to leave the state, and moved his own companies out of it as well.
Tesla appealed that decision to bring it to the Delaware Supreme Court.
In the interim, the board gave Musk $26 billion in stock without asking shareholders first, draining the employee stock reserve and giving all of it to Musk. This award was meant to be a partial restoration of the 2018 award, but would be forfeited if the Supreme Court ruled in Musk’s favor.
Finally, TSLA shareholders once again voted for an even more ridiculous pay package last month, awarding Musk with stock worth a potential $1 trillion (and diluting all other shareholders by up to 12%) if all milestones of the award are met.
And one important note: each of these numbers are individually larger than any award ever given to any employee in the history of the world, by at least an order of magnitude, and are targeted towards a man who is currently doing his best to trash the company.
Now this week, we finally got the ruling from the Delaware Supreme Court, and it’s… an interesting one.
Court rules Musk gets his billions, but still has to pay a one dollar penalty (yes, really)
The Delaware Supreme Court ruled late Friday afternoon that the Court of Chancery was wrong in its decision to rescind all of Musk’s pay package, though it still accepted that some sort of penalty (“nominal damages”) is warranted.
It set that penalty in the amount of $1. In addition, the attorneys who sued Tesla (the plaintiffs) will be able to recoup attorneys fees (which will end up amounting in the hundreds of millions).
The court stated that while it may have accepted an argument that Musk should be entitled to part of the package – in recognition of how excessive the final package ended up being – the plaintiffs didn’t actually make that argument. The plaintiffs only offered complete rescission as a remedy, which the court decided was too “extreme.”
The court said that Musk deserves to be compensated for his time, and denied the plaintiffs’ argument that the significant appreciation of his own existing stock should be considered sufficient compensation. It called the decision “inequitable” (though it should be noted that despite this “lack of compensation,” Musk remained the richest man in the world prior to the court’s decision, largely due to the aforementioned stock).
And so, because plaintiffs didn’t make an offer for partial rescission of the pay package, and because the Court of Chancery didn’t itself craft a decision that partially rescinds the package (which it is allowed to do), the Supreme Court had to choose between giving Musk everything or nothing, and it chose to give him everything. Well, minus the attorney’s fees.
Electrek’s Take
I’m not a lawyer, but I did take time to read through the ruling before writing this, and to do my best to figure out the court’s reasoning here.
And, frankly, it seems like an odd decision to me from either perspective.
If Tesla was right all along, then it should be treated like it’s right – don’t hold back attorney’s fees or a $1 penalty saying that the plaintiffs just didn’t ask for the right remedy.
And if plaintiffs are right, then their win shouldn’t be dismissed simply because they didn’t ask for the exact right thing. If the court thinks they’re right but asked for too much, just give them part of what they asked for. If that’s not in the Supreme Court’s purview, then kick the decision back down and ask the Court of Chancery to reconsider and design a proper remedy.
What if Delaware is just spooked?
But maybe the decision isn’t just about what happened in this legal case, and more about Delaware trying to earn back its “pro-business” reputation which led over 2 million businesses to choose the state as their legal home.
That reputation has taken a hit in recent years as Musk has encouraged his ultra-wealthy pals to abandon the state. Despite that Delaware remains the state with the most established business law in the country, Musk moved to Texas hoping that he would be able to benefit from corruption there and push policies that would help him personally and harm shareholder rights – like a new law that bans shareholders from bringing actions like this court case unless they hold billions of dollars in Tesla stock.
Some other companies have also redomiciled, perhaps hoping to benefit from the same corruption Musk sought out.
This has spooked Delaware, and encouraged it to change its laws as a PR exercise to stop companies from leaving.
I wouldn’t be surprised if today’s ruling, beyond the legal rationale, was intended to have the same effect. What’s the big deal about spending $55 billion of Other People’s Money (namely, Tesla shareholders) if it helps Delaware regain its sheen of kowtowing to any corporation that comes its way?
Valuing one bad employee as worth more than all the rest
But past the legal aspects of this, the whole situation around the pay package stinks for just about everyone – employees, shareholders, and humanity as a whole.
There is certainly something “inequitable” about this award, but it’s not what the Supreme Court thinks it is.
Tesla is a company that is driven by its employees – some 120,000 of them. Most of those employees are bright people doing a good job at designing and building good products.
Most of them also don’t actively try to sabotage the company. But one does: Elon Musk.
Finally, his actions in the past years have harmed electric vehicles as a whole, and thus been bad for the environment, which is the most important issue facing humanity. Musk has even rhetorically got into climate change denial himself.
Any single one of these actions should be a fireable offense in any normal situation.
And the worst part is, everyone with a brain knew how bad these actions were going to be ahead of time, but this dummy only figured that out last week (anyone want to bet that he’ll actually follow through on that about face? anyone? hello?).
And yet, the pay packages approved for him, improperly marketed by a captured board and voted for by shareholders who were promised vast wealth despite that these packages have and will massively dilute their holdings, value this one bad employee at significantly more than all other Tesla employees combined. And that money is coming out of the pockets of shareholders.
Money taken from shareholders and given to Musk, denying their share in company success
The tens of billions of dollars that will now be channeled to Musk, which he has shown he will use to harm Tesla, come at the cost of value that would have otherwise been created for shareholders and employees who hold shares, by diluting everyone’s holdings in the company.
Tesla could instead have spent its money on stock buybacks or dividends, thus allowing shareholders to enjoy the company’s success (which is the entire point of a public company), but instead it chose to play financial games that channel money from shareholders to the person that is currently acting least in the company’s favor.
So here we have a situation where a man who is causing harm to the company, the mission, the shareholders, and indeed the entire planet, is being valued at more than all of his employees put together and has a court jumping through what it itself deems are “narrow” hoops to uphold an award that is larger than any other employee has received in the history of the world. And regardless of the legal reasoning involved, I just don’t think any of that that is a good idea for anyone.
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The owner of the fashion brand LK Bennett is this weekend racing to find a saviour amid concerns that it could be heading for collapse for the second time in six years.
Sky News has learnt that the clothing chain, which was founded by Linda Bennett in 1990, is working with advisers at Alvarez & Marsal (A&M) on an accelerated sale process.
Industry sources said on Saturday that A&M had begun sounding out potential buyers and investors in the last few days.
At one stage, LK Bennett was among the most recognisable brands on the high street, expanding to 200 branded outlets in the UK and overseas markets including China, Russia and the US.
In its home market it now trades from just nine standalone stores, with a further 13 listed as concessions on its website.
It was unclear whether a sale of the loss-making brand was likely or whether LK Bennett’s existing backers might be prepared to inject more funding into the business.
Contingency plans for an insolvency are frequently drawn up by advisers drafted in to run accelerated sale processes.
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The brand is owned by Byland UK, a company established in 2019 for the purpose of rescuing LK Bennett from a previous brush with insolvency.
Byland UK was formed by Rebecca Feng, who ran LK Bennett’s Chinese franchises.
At the time of that deal, Ms Feng said: “Under our plan, the business will continue to operate out of the UK, looking to maintain the long-standing and undoubted heritage of the brand.
“This will be achieved through a combination of working with quality British design, and the business’s existing supply chain.”
Accounts for LK Bennett Fashion for the period ended January 27, 2024 show the company made a post-tax loss of £3.5m on turnover of £42.1m.
The figures showed a steep loss in sales from £48.8m in 2023.
According to the accounts, LK Bennett paid a dividend of £229,000 “at the start of the year when performance was doing well”.
“Given the decline in revenue, the directors do not recommend the payment of any further dividends.”
Ms Bennett founded the eponymous chain by opening a store in Wimbledon, southwest London, in 1990, and promised to “bring a bit of Bond Street to the high street”.
Her eye for design earned her the nickname ‘queen of the kitten heel’ and saw her products worn by the Princess of Wales and Theresa May, the former prime minister.
In 2008, Ms Bennett sold the business for an estimated £100m to a consortium led by the private equity firm Phoenix Equity Partners.
She retained a stake, and then bought back the remaining equity in 2017.
The company’s administration in 2019 resulted in the closure of 15 stores.
It was unclear how many people are now employed by LK Bennett.
LK Bennett has been contacted for comment, while A&M declined to comment.