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Extreme weather is gripping parts of the world amid growing fears this summer could see more record-breaking heat.

There have already been wildfires across Spain as temperatures soar to unprecedented levels for the time of the year – while the increasing impact of climate change continues to challenge communities and nations.

Which parts of the world are seeing extreme conditions?

Spain

Spain is bracing itself for its hottest ever day for the month of April this week with forecasters predicting temperatures of up to 40C (104F).

Temperatures will reach around 35C (95F) from Wednesday and will rise further into Thursday and Friday.

Such high levels are not normally seen until July and it comes after parts of Spain endured the driest March in 20 years.

The top temperature ever recorded in Spain for April was 37.4C (99.3F) in 2011, but this is expected to be beaten.

Experts have said the Mediterranean region is warming faster than the global average due to climate change.

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Record-breaking heat could hit Spain

Asia

Last weekend, people in Bangkok and other areas of Thailand were warned not to go outside due to the extreme heat.

The capital hit 42C (100F) – but the national weather service said the heat index, which is what the temperature feels like when combined with humidity, hit a record 54C (129F).

Thailand normally expects highs of 37C (98.6F) at this time of the year – while weather watchers said the country’s meteorological service noted a record 45C (113F) for the first time last week.

Cordelia Lynch, Asia correspondent for Sky News, said many people “try to scurry between air-conditioned buildings as much as they can – a luxury those working outside can’t afford of course”.

“The so-called ‘monster deadly heatwave’ has ripped through southeast and south Asia,” she added.

“What seems distinct in Asia this year, is just how many countries have seen record heat and how early it’s come.”

In recent weeks, countries such as Japan, Bangladesh, India, China and Laos were among more than a dozen which saw soaring temperatures.

Authorities in parts of India shut schools for a week with temperatures above 40C.

Most of India is expected to have above-normal high temperatures between April and June, its national weather forecaster has said.

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Record-breaking heatwave hits parts of Thailand

California

Meanwhile, in central California, fears are growing over flooding following extreme conditions which saw record levels of “snowpack” and rain.

Some communities between Los Angeles and San Francisco could be marooned by rising rivers or flooded out, experts have warned.

Officials are concerned the spring snowmelt in the Sierra Nevada will be so massive the north fork of the Kings River will not be able to contain it.

Much warmer weather could see an “accelerated snowmelt”.

It comes after nearly 10,000 Californians fled their homes last month after widespread flooding and snow.

What could happen in 2023 and 2024?

Average global temperatures could hit record highs this year or in 2024, climate scientists have warned.

Experts said the temperatures will be driven by climate change and from the anticipated return of the El Nino weather phenomenon.

Climate models suggest that after three years of the La Nina weather pattern in the Pacific Ocean, which generally lowers global temperatures slightly, the world will experience a return to El Nino, the warmer counterpart, later this year.

During El Nino, winds blowing west along the equator slow down, and warm water is pushed east, creating warmer surface ocean temperatures.

“El Nino is normally associated with record-breaking temperatures at the global level. Whether this will happen in 2023 or 2024 is not yet known, but it is, I think, more likely than not,” said Carlo Buontempo, director of the EU’s Copernicus Climate Change Service.

The world’s hottest year on record so far was 2016, which coincided with a strong El Nino.

However, climate change has fuelled extreme temperatures even in years without the phenomenon.

In February, Antarctic sea ice levels also hit a record low.

What major weather-related events are experts predicting?

Scientists have warned of more extreme heatwaves, wildfires, drought and flooding.

The last eight years were the world’s eighth hottest on record – reflecting the longer-term warming trend driven by greenhouse gas emissions.

Dr Friederike Otto, a senior lecturer at Imperial College London’s Grantham Institute, said El Nino-fuelled temperatures could worsen the climate change impacts countries are already experiencing.

“If El Nino does develop, there is a good chance 2023 will be even hotter than 2016 – considering the world has continued to warm as humans continue to burn fossil fuels,” Dr Otto said.

Professor Adam Scaife, the head of long-range forecasting at the Met Office, said: “The current record for global temperature occurred in 2016 and it’s no coincidence that followed the last big El Nino.

“If we get a big El Nino at the end of this year, then we’re likely to break the record for global temperature in 2024.”

Europe experienced its hottest summer on record in 2022, while extreme rainfall caused disastrous flooding in Pakistan.

In the UK, households and water companies are already being urged to focus on saving water as officials prepare for another dry, hot summer.

This week, a hosepipe ban was extended across parts of Devon.

South West Water, which introduced a ban in Cornwall and a small area of North Devon last August, made the decision to “replenish” depleted water supplies.

Read more on Sky News:
While Spain bakes, the approaching summer could be a scorcher

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2022 was a year of weather extremes in the UK

What about the oceans?

It was revealed by a new study that global sea temperatures had hit record levels this month – and are growing at a rate not previously seen.

The temperature of the seas off the coast of North America were 13.8C higher than the average for 1981-2011.

A change in the temperatures of the oceans can have a further impact on extreme weather alongside contributing to the rise in sea levels. It can also kill off marine life.

It comes after the World Meteorological Organisation revealed last week that global sea levels are rising at more than double the pace they did in the first decade of measurements in 1993-2002 and hit a new record high last year.

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China to evacuate 400,000 after ‘super’ typhoon hits Philippines and Taiwan

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China to evacuate 400,000 after 'super' typhoon hits Philippines and Taiwan

China will evacuate 400,000 people over a super typhoon that slammed into the Philippines and Taiwan today.

Super Typhoon Ragasa, which is heading to southeastern China, has sustained winds of 134mph.

Thousands of people have already been evacuated from homes and schools in the Philippines and Taiwan, with hundreds of thousands more to leave their homes in China.

Filipino forecasters said it slammed into Panuitan Island off Cagayan province with gusts of up to 183mph on Monday.

More than 8,200 were evacuated to safety in Cagayan while 1,220 fled to emergency shelters in Apayao, which is prone to flash floods and landslides.

The projected route of Super Typhoon Ragasa, by the Japanese Typhoon Centre. Pic: Japan Meteorological Agency
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The projected route of Super Typhoon Ragasa, by the Japanese Typhoon Centre. Pic: Japan Meteorological Agency

Domestic flights were suspended in northern provinces hit by the typhoon, and fishing boats and inter-island ferries were prohibited from leaving ports over rough seas.

In Taiwan’s southern Taitung and Pingtung counties, closures were ordered in some coastal and mountainous areas along with the Orchid and Green islands.

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Officials in southern Chinese tech hub, Shenzhen, said they planned to relocate around 400,000 people including people in low-lying and flood-prone areas.

Strong waves batter Basco, Batanes province, northern Philippines, on Monday. (AP Photo/Justine Mark Pillie Fajardo)
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Strong waves batter Basco, Batanes province, northern Philippines, on Monday. (AP Photo/Justine Mark Pillie Fajardo)

Shenzhen’s airport added it will halt flights from Tuesday night.

In Fujian province, on China’s southeast coast, 50 ferry routes were suspended.

According to China’s National Meteorological Centre, the typhoon will make landfall in the coastal area between Shenzhen city and Xuwen county in Guangdong province on Wednesday.

The International Space Station captures the eye of Typhoon Ragasa. (Pic: NASA/Reuters)
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The International Space Station captures the eye of Typhoon Ragasa. (Pic: NASA/Reuters)

A tropical cyclone with sustained winds of 115mph or higher is categorised in the Philippines as a super typhoon.

The term was adopted years ago to demonstrate the urgency tied to extreme weather disturbances.

Ragasa was heading west and was forecast to remain in the South China Sea until at least Wednesday while passing south of Taiwan and Hong Kong, before landfall on the China mainland.

The Philippines’ weather agency warned there was “a high risk of life-threatening storm surge with peak heights exceeding three metres within the next 24 hours over the low-lying or exposed coastal localities” of the northern provinces of Cagayan, Batanes, Ilocos Norte and Ilocos Sur.

Power was cut out on Calayan island and in the entire northern mountain province of Apayao, west of Cagayan, disaster officials said.

There were no immediate reports of casualties from Ragasa, which is known locally in the Philippines as Nando.

On Monday, Philippine president Ferdinand Marcos Jr suspended government work and all classes on Monday in the capital, Manila, and 29 provinces in the main northern Luzon region.

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What could an Israeli annexation of the West Bank look like?

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What could an Israeli annexation of the West Bank look like?

The rock has been hurled into the lake and now the ripples are spreading.

The UK and several other Western countries recognising a Palestinian state was never likely to be an action without consequences.

So what happens next? Well, firstly, a surge of angry rhetoric from across the Israeli political spectrum, almost all of whom described this as a victory for Hamas.

Gaza latest: Countries boycott French two-state solution summit

Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu called it “an absurd prize for terrorism” while Yair Lapid, leader of the opposition, described recognition as “a bad move and a reward for terror”.

Former defence minister Benny Gantz said it “emboldens Hamas and extends the war”, and Naftali Bennett, the man who may well usurp Netanyahu as prime minister next year, said recognition could lead to a “full-blown terror state”.

The forum that represents the families of hostages called it “a catastrophic failure”.

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‘Annexation’ is incredibly complicated

So that’s unity in condemnation. But words are one thing; actions are another. And the more extreme ministers in Netanyahu’s cabinet, who carry great weight, are coalescing around a single rallying cry – the demand is annexation of the West Bank.

It sounds blunt, but it is incredibly complicated. For one thing, simply defining what is meant by “annexation” is near-on impossible.

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UK formally recognises Palestine

The West Bank, which a growing number of Israelis refer to by its biblical name of Judea and Samaria, has been subject to Israeli military occupation since 1967.

In a sense, it is already partly annexed – the West Bank is dotted with settlements and outposts that are home to hundreds of thousands of Israelis. So annexation could mean supporting and expanding those developments.

Read more:
What recognising a Palestinian state actually means
Why UK’s Palestine move matters in the Middle East

Or annexation could mean sending in more soldiers, more equipment and taking more land, potentially in the Jordan valley.

It could mean pumping resources into the controversial and internationally criticised E1 settlement programme, which would divide the West Bank in half.

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But it could even mean the very thing that you probably think of when you hear the word “annexation”. It could mean Israel flooding the area with soldiers and claiming the land for itself – an invasion, in other words.

It might sound appealing to the likes of Israeli far-right politicians Bezalel Smotrich and Itamar Ben-Gvir. At the same time, it would infuriate Arab nations, who are already seething that Israel chose to launch an airstrike on a building in Qatar to try, seemingly unsuccessfully, to kill Hamas leaders.

A loyalty test for the US

Full annexation would test the loyalty of the United States, which has, so far, supported Netanyahu through thick and thin. The attack on Doha has already prompted a mild rebuke; Israel’s government will not want to risk losing the backing of its most important diplomatic ally.

President Trump is due to meet Arab leaders on Tuesday, who will tell him of their fears for the future of the West Bank.

This will not be easy for Netanyahu. He has to balance the need to retain Trump’s friendship and support with a desire to dissuade other nations from recognising the State of Palestine, along with the need to keep Arab neighbours from turning against him while keeping Smotrich and Ben-Gvir in his cabinet.

So Netanyahu is going to bide his time. He will not make a decision on next steps until he has returned from visiting both the United Nations and the White House.

The immediate future of the West Bank might well be decided on a flight back from America.

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Jailed British-Egyptian activist Alaa Abd el-Fattah pardoned by Egypt’s president

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Jailed British-Egyptian activist Alaa Abd el-Fattah pardoned by Egypt's president

A British-Egyptian activist who has spent years in prison has been pardoned by Egypt’s president, according to his lawyer.

Alaa Abd el-Fattah became a prominent campaigner during protests in Cairo in 2011 that led to the ousting of former president Hosni Mubarak.

In 2014, he was sentenced to 15 years in prison – later reduced to five – for protesting without permission.

He was released in 2019 but arrested again for sharing a Facebook post about human rights abuses in Egyptian prisons.

It led to another five-year term in 2021 for “spreading fake news”.

High-profile local and international campaigns have called for his release and Egypt removed him from its “terrorism” list last year.

Mr Fattah has British citizenship through his UK-born mother, Laila Soueif, who went on hunger strike over his case and met Sir Keir Starmer to push for her son’s freedom.

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The 43-year-old also undertook multiple hunger strikes of his own to highlight his case.

Today his lawyer, Khaled Ali, writing in Arabic on Facebook, posted: “God is the judge. The President of the Republic has issued a decree pardoning Alaa Abdel Fattah. Congratulations.”

Mr el-Fattah's mother (middle) at a protest calling for her son's release in 2023. Pic: PA
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Mr el-Fattah’s mother (middle) at a protest calling for her son’s release in 2023. Pic: PA

His sister said on X that she and her mother were “heading to the prison now to inquire from where Alaa will be released and when”.

“Omg I can’t believe we get our lives back!” she added.

The Egyptian president’s office said another five prisoners were also pardoned – but it’s unclear exactly when they will all be freed.

Mr Ali said he expected his client to be released from Wadi Natron prison, north of Cairo, in the next few days.

Alaa Abd el-Fattah has spent nearly all of the last decade in prison. Pic: Reuters
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Alaa Abd el-Fattah has spent nearly all of the last decade in prison. Pic: Reuters

Mr Fattah became known for his blogging and social media activity during the Arab Spring protests in Cairo’s Tahrir Square 14 years ago.

But a wide-ranging crackdown on Islamists, liberals and leftists by the new president, former army chief Abdel Fattah al-Sisi, led to the activist being imprisoned for the first time.

During his second spell in jail, his family said he was locked up without sunlight, exercise and books – and abused by the guards.

Mr Fattah’s mother – a former maths professor – and lawyer father, who died in 2014, were also both activists.

Khaled Ali tried to get Mr Fattah freed in 2024, arguing his client’s two years of pre-trial detention should be counted, but prosecutors resisted and said he wouldn’t be allowed out until January 2027.

The refusal prompted his mother to begin another long hunger strike in September last year.

She only ended it two months ago following pleas from her family after she lost 35kg and became seriously ill.

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The activist's mother lost 35kg during her most recent hunger strike. Pic: Reuters
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The activist’s mother lost 35kg during her most recent hunger strike. Pic: Reuters

Human rights groups say tens of thousands of prisoners of conscience have been incarcerated under the current president.

They allege they are denied due process and suffer abuse and torture – claims denied by Egyptian officials.

Chair of the foreign affairs select committee, the MP Emily Thornberry, said on X that she was “absolutely delighted” about Mr Fattah’s pardon.

She posted: “Laila, Mona, Sanaa and Alaa’s entire family’s tireless campaign for his release has been incredibly moving – their love for him was clear when I met Sanaa last year,

“I am so glad they will get to see him come home.”

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