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By Dr. Chinta Sidharthan Apr 28 2023 Reviewed by Lily Ramsey, LLM

In a recent study published in the PLOS ONE Journal, researchers reviewed existing studies on physical activity interventions for treating substance use disorders excluding studies that focused solely on tobacco use.

Study:  Characteristics and impact of physical activity interventions during substance use disorder treatment excluding tobacco: A systematic review. Image Credit: agny_illustration/Shutterstock.com Background

Substance use disorder is the problematic use of substances such as cannabis, alcohol, phencyclidine, hallucinogens, hypnotics, sedatives, inhalants, stimulants, opioids, anxiolytics, and other similar substances despite experiencing serious physical, behavioral, and cognitive symptoms.

The misuse of substances causing overdose or intoxication has short and long-term impacts on mental and physical health, including anxiety disorder, depression, asthma, heart disease, and cancer.

The treatment options for substance use disorders generally include residential and outpatient facilities that offer detoxification, but these have a significant relapse rate and low adherence.

Physical activity involving movement requiring energy expenditure has recently gained interest as a therapeutic tool in treating mental illnesses such as bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and schizophrenia.

Besides improving cardiovascular health and reducing depressive symptoms, physical activity has also decreased craving symptoms in tobacco users.

However, a shortage of reviews have focused on substance use disorders other than tobacco use, and many of the reviews have focused on a single substance. A large number of individuals with substance use disorders often misuse multiple substances.

Therefore, it is important to examine studies that include poly users of substances other than tobacco to understand the impact of physical activity in treating substance use disorder. About the study

In the present review, the researchers included studies involving adults above the age of 18 who were treated for substance use disorders related to various psychoactive substances such as cannabis, alcohol, phencyclidine, hallucinogens, opioids, inhalants, sedatives, stimulants, hypnotics, and anxiolytics, while excluding studies that focused on tobacco alone. Related StoriesResearchers examine impact of gamification on the effectiveness of digital health interventionsMore daily walking and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity reduced dementia, cognitive impairment riskBeing physically active at any time in adulthood linked to later life cognitive performance

The studies also involved chronic physical activity interventions offered during residential or detoxification treatments, including group or individual exercises and sports.

The examined outcomes included flexibility, aerobic capacity, other body composition and physical fitness outcomes, psychological outcomes such as changes in depressive symptoms, and life outcomes related to the social environment and behavior. The review only considered observational and experimental studies. Results

The results reported that 43 studies fit the eligibility criteria for the review and covered 3,135 participants. A large number (81%) of the studies were randomized controlled trials, followed by pre-post design and cohort studies (14% and 5%, respectively).

Physical activity of moderate intensity, spanning approximately 13 weeks with three sessions a week of about an hour each, was the most common intervention found in most studies.

The most examined outcome was the reduction or cessation of substance use, with 49% of the studies reporting a 75% reduction in substance use after the physical activity intervention.

The second most examined outcome was aerobic capacity, reported by 14 out of the 43 studies (33%), and 71% of these studies reported improvement in aerobic capacity after the intervention. Furthermore, 28% (12) of the studies also reported improvements in depressive symptoms.

The life outcomes examined by most studies covered quality of sleep and overall quality of life, and most studies reported improvements in both parameters after the initiation of physical activity interventions.

Cycling, walking, resistance exercises, and jogging were the most commonly preferred activities. Some studies also reported the use of tai chi and yoga.

The review discussed the mechanisms through which physical activity interventions could benefit substance use disorder patients. The increased physical awareness of the body, fitness, and health is thought to reduce dependence on drugs or alcohol.

Furthermore, changes in depressive symptoms were also associated with changes in anxiety disorder symptoms, indicating a concomitance between the two symptoms. Conclusions

To summarize, the review examined studies that investigated the application of physical activity interventions in treating substance use disorders, not including tobacco use alone.

Overall, the findings reported that physical activity interventions were associated with improvements in physical, psychological, and life outcomes.

Moderate levels of physical activity involving cycling, jogging, resistance exercises, walking, yoga, and tai chi were the preferred activities for most patients, and improvements were observed in aerobic capacity, depressive and anxiety disorder symptoms, and overall quality of life.

However, the authors believe that while physical activity interventions seem promising in treating substance abuse disorders, more rigorous and extensive research is required in the field. Journal reference:

Piché, F. et al. (2023) "Characteristics and impact of physical activity interventions during substance use disorder treatment excluding tobacco: A systematic review", PLOS ONE, 18(4), p. e0283861. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283861. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0283861

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Ecosystem health is the missing link to blockchain’s long-term success

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Ecosystem health is the missing link to blockchain’s long-term success

Ecosystem health is the key to blockchain’s long-term success. Cultivating transparency, strong developer tools and engaged communities, blockchain networks can grow securely and sustainably.

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Mabli Hall: Woman jailed for four years for causing eight-month-old baby’s death

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Mabli Hall: Woman jailed for four years for causing eight-month-old baby's death

A woman has been sentenced to four years in prison for causing the death of an eight-month-old baby by dangerous driving.

Bridget Curtis, 71, had previously pleaded guilty to causing the death of Mabli Cariad Hall outside Withybush Hospital in Haverfordwest, Pembrokeshire.

Mabli was airlifted to the University Hospital of Wales in Cardiff after she was hit by a white BMW on Wednesday 21 June 2023.

She was later moved to Bristol Royal Hospital for Children where she died four days later.

Mabli Cariad Hall died after a crash outside Withybush Hospital in Pembrokeshire. Pic: Family handout
Image:
Pic: Family handout

‘Entirely tragic’

Swansea Crown Court heard Mabli and her family were visiting her grandmother, who was receiving end-of-life care at the hospital, when the crash happened.

Prosecuting, Craig Jones said it was an “entirely tragic” case.

He said Mabli was “very nearly nine months” when she died, a day when the weather conditions were “fine and dry”.

Mabli was with her father in a grassed area under some trees opposite the hospital’s entrance.

“Mr Hall put Mabli back into her pushchair and was adjusting the straps when he heard the sound of an approaching vehicle,” Mr Jones said.

Bridget Curtis. File pic: Rex
Image:
Bridget Curtis. File pic: Rex

The court heard that Curtis had given her daughter a lift to the hospital for an appointment and had stopped the car outside the main entrance.

After she was dropped off, her daughter went to retrieve her handbag from the back of the car but was “unable to see the bag and tapped the window to attract her mother’s attention”.

“With the engine running, [the defendant] turned around from her seat to look in the back,” he said.

“The defendant had failed to switch off the vehicle and had failed to place the car, which was an automatic-geared vehicle, into a parked setting.”

In a period of four and a half seconds, the vehicle reached a top speed of 29 miles per hour and travelled a distance of 28 metres.

‘So beautiful’

In a victim impact statement, Rob Hall told the court he remembered Mabli “smiling at [him], making her cute noises”.

He said the “violent revving, screeching tyres” of the car was something he saw and heard “daily”.

Mr Hall said that after Mabli’s death, his family “were numb, felt helpless and destroyed”.

“This struggle continues to this day, and will always be there. Life from then until now has been horrendous. It’s been so hard to live this life,” he said.

“It’s exhausting, we’re drained, and I just don’t know how we recover from such trauma.”

Mabli Cariad Hall died after a crash outside Withybush Hospital in Pembrokeshire. Pic: Family handout
Image:
Pic: Family handout

Mabli’s mother, Gwen Hall, also read a victim impact statement from the witness box, telling the court the day Mabli died was the day her life “irreversibly changed for the worse”.

“She had said ‘Mamma’ for the first time only the day before,” she said.

Ms Hall said the family was “heartbroken”, but that the word “does not do justice to how broken and destroyed we are as a family”.

“Everyone needs to remember that Mabli was eight months old, she was so bright, so beautiful and so full of love and life. She was the apple of all our eye,” Ms Hall added.

“She was my best friend, my shadow, my second skin.”

‘Devastation of their lives’

In mitigation, Mr John Dye said the defendant had “led a blameless, law-abiding life”.

He said she had shown “extremely genuine remorse” and had written a letter to Mabli’s family.

The court heard Curtis had “ongoing mobility issues” and had caring responsibilities for her adult daughter.

Handing down his sentence of four years in prison, Judge Geraint Walters said “loving parents, siblings and a wider extended family suffered the devastation of their lives”.

“That is because that day, they suffered that which each parent dreads, the loss of a much-cherished child, then just eight months old,” he said.

“Her life was taken from her senselessly, and indeed needlessly, as a result of your actions.”

The judge said the case was aggravated by the fact that others were struck by the vehicle, namely Mabli’s father and uncle.

As well as the custodial sentence, Curtis was also disqualified from driving for eight years and would have to undergo a driving test before she could re-apply for a licence.

Mabli Hall, eight months, died after a crash outside Withybush Hospital. Pic: GoFundMe
Image:
Pic: GoFundMe

Addressing the media outside court, Mabli’s grandfather, Paul Sambrook, thanked “everyone who [had] been part of the process to secure justice for Mabli Cariad”.

“We’ve waited over 18 months for this day and finally this nightmarish chapter has come to an end,” he said.

“We’ll go home now and start to live our lives without Mabli. She was the sunshine who lit up our lives in so many ways, but now we have to focus on helping the other children of the family to cope with the loss and find a new way forward.

“If there is anything to learn from the pain and bereavement, this is what it is. Take care every time you sit behind the wheel of your car, think carefully about your own safety as well as the safety of others.”

Read more from Sky News:
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Iwan Jenkins from CPS Wales told Sky News that nothing could change “the tragic events of that day”.

“Although the criminal case has concluded, our thoughts remain with Mabli’s family over their heart-breaking loss and with everybody who received injuries on that day,” he added.

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Meet Cadillac’s new $80,000 Lyriq-V, the quickest Caddie (EV or gas-powered) so far

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Meet Cadillac's new ,000 Lyriq-V, the quickest Caddie (EV or gas-powered) so far

With 615 horsepower, the Cadillac Lyriq-V is the quickest Caddie to date. Cadillac’s first V-Series EV will outsprint a CT5-V Blackwing, and it can be yours for under $80,000.

The 2026 Lyriq-V EV is the fastest Cadillac ever

We knew it was coming soon. Cadillac teased the Lyriq-V for the first time in late October, giving a sneak peek at its first electric V-Series vehicle.

Cadillac’s performance brand is known for iconic sports cars like the CT5-V Blackwing, but the new EV pushes the “V-Series sub-brand to new heights,” boasted John Roth, vice president of Global Cadillac.

As the first EV to wear the V-Series badge, Cadillac promised the Lyriq-V would be powerful, but we didn’t know it would be this fast.

Cadillac officially introduced the 2026 Lyriq-V on Thursday, revealing additional specs, prices, and more. With an estimated 615 hp and 650 lb-ft of torque and a standard dual motor AWD powertrain, the EV is expected to accelerate from 0 to 60 mph in just 3.3 seconds, making it the quickest Cadillac to date.

Cadillac-Lyriq-V-EV
2026 Cadillac Lyriq-V (Source: GM)

At that speed, it would outrun the Cadillac CT5-V Blackwing with a 0 to 60 mph sprint time in 3.4 seconds. Although the CT-5 packs slightly more horsepower (668 hp), the Lyriq-V’s EV powertrain unlocks more powerful, instant acceleration.

The added power is enabled by an added Velocity Max feature, which “unleashes the vehicle’s full performance capability” with a surge of power and acceleration.

Cadillac-Lyriq-V-EV
2026 Cadillac Lyriq-V (Source: GM)

Interior and exterior design, prices, and features

The V-Series model differs from the traditional Lyriq with a lower center of gravity and custom front and rear bumpers. It also features V-Series badging on the rear doors and tailgate, V-pattern mesh on the lower grille, and 22″ wheels with the logo etched into the side.

Inside, the performance EV borrows features from the Lyriq, such as a panoramic fixed glass roof, a 23-speaker AKG sound system, and a massive 33″ LED display screen.

Cadillac distinguishes the V-Series from the traditional Lyriq by adding the V-Series logo, a V-mode button, and a sports rim with hand grips. Other unique features include a custom infotainment experience with a “V-Series persona,” a signature V-Series illuminated sill plate and V-pattern detailing on the seatbacks.

A 102 kWh battery pack is expected to provide a range of up to 285 miles. The 2026 Cadillac Lyriq-V starts at $79,990, including the destination fee.

Cadillac-Lyriq-V-EV
2026 Cadillac Lyriq-V (Source: GM)

In comparison, the Tesla Model Y Performance starts at $51,490 and has an EPA-estimated range of up to 277 miles. It also includes AWD and can accelerate from 0 to 60 mph in 3.5 seconds.

Cadillac’s new performance EV will be sold in the US, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. Other markets will be announced closer to launch. GM will begin producing the new Lyriq-V at its Spring Hill, TN, manufacturing plant in early 2025.

What do you think of the Cadillac’s new performance EV? Would you buy one for $80,000? Or are you sticking with the Model Y Performance? Drop us a comment below to let us know.

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