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Google Cloud CEO Thomas Kurian, right, arrives on stage as Alphabet CEO Sundar Pichai exits during the Google Cloud Next event in San Francisco on April 9, 2019.

Michael Short | Bloomberg | Getty Images

When Google hired Oracle’s Thomas Kurian four years ago to run its cloud business, the internet search company had a clear reason for putting its trust in a career enterprise software executive.

Google was a consumer company. Despite years spent trying to compete with Amazon and Microsoft in selling cloud-based storage, computing and other services to big corporations, it was coming up short in its effort to win marquee deals.

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While Google is still third in the U.S. cloud infrastructure market, its business is growing rapidly and, as of the first quarter, is finally contributing positively to Alphabet’s bottom line. Earlier this week, Alphabet said Google’s cloud unit generated $191 million in operating profit, after losing a total of $4 billion in 2021 and 2022. Revenue jumped 28% from a year earlier to $7.45 billion, far outpacing Google’s struggling ad business.

“We were not in a very good situation when I joined,” Kurian told CNBC in an interview after the results were released. “I think we were very early in the business. Most enterprises did not take us as a viable partner.”

The central problem wasn’t hard to spot. Google was a company of software developers and data scientists, who were trained at building sophisticated technologies. But they had no real idea how to build, market and sell them to the business world. Under Kurian’s predecessor, VMware co-founder Diane Greene, critics said Google’s cloud business hadn’t matured enough to handle enterprises even as it was investing heavily to do so.

The cloud division includes the Google Cloud Platform, which competes with Amazon Web Services and Microsoft Azure, and the Google Workspace productivity software bundle that goes head-to-head with Microsoft Office.

Kurian said he spent a lot of time with the technology in his early days to see how it worked and where it needed improvement. From 4 a.m. to 7 a.m., he would read technical design documents. In the evenings, he played with the products.

“We shifted the organization from thinking, we’re building technology to we’re building products and solutions,” Kurian said.

A.I. market could be worth trillions in the long term, analyst says

It’s a market Google has been committed to winning for years, as corporations have been rapidly pushing workloads from their own data centers to the cloud. Google wants to not only capture that storage and computing business but also get developers from those companies and others to use its cutting-edge technology, particularly as artificial intelligence systems gain traction.

The expansion has been costly. Almost every quarter, from the beginning of 2017 through the third period of 2020, finance chief Ruth Porat told analysts that cloud had been the biggest area of head count increases, for both sales and technical roles. Google also grew the operation through acquisitions, buying data analytics software startup Looker for $2.4 billion in 2019 and security software vendor Mandiant for $6.1 billion last year.

The cloud unit now accounts for more than 25% of Alphabet’s full-time workforce, CNBC reported earlier this year.

Kurian’s focus has included developing product road maps, introducing new pricing models, bolstering customer service and becoming more efficient with its infrastructure, a key to saving money.

“We’ve reduced cycle time in the way we provision and deploy machines by a factor of five in the last four years,” Kurian said. “There’s 100 different projects that have gone on to optimize resource consumption.”

Customer success is a practice that’s been widely adopted in the enterprise software world as a way to keep clients happy and wanting to buy more, emphasizing retention and limiting churn.

Google built up its customer-success mode to work more tightly with clients, and it racked up a community of 100,000 partners. The company has had hundreds of its senior engineers sponsor important customers so they could see how their products are being used and understand what needs to be changed.

“We have awards twice a year for teams that have done the best job helping customers,” Kurian said, adding that Google now ranks among the top five enterprise software sellers.

In 2020, Google brought its productivity tools under the brand Google Workspace. It also issued new pricing tiers, resulting in organizations of different sizes starting to pay different prices.

While Google’s cloud unit has swung to posting a profit, there’s some fuzziness in the numbers.

Last week, Alphabet restated operating income for cloud and its other segments, resulting in lower cloud losses in 2021 and 2022. The restated numbers show the cloud unit had a $186 million operating loss in the fourth quarter, compared with $480 million before the change, for example.

The cloud numbers also benefited from an extension of the useful life of data center equipment. But Kurian said competitors have made similar depreciation adjustments.

“We were always going to get to profitability,” he said. “If you draw the line, you can see the curve.”

‘Enterprise discipline’

Under Kurian’s leadership, Google’s cloud group has had to cope with its share of executive turnover. Javier Soltero, who was the head of Workspace, left in July. Rob Enslin, a former top SAP executive who joined Google as president of global customer operations in 2019, departed last year to become co-CEO of UiPath. And Kirsten Kliphouse, who was the cloud group’s president of Americas, left in 2023 after four years at the company.

But head count has continued to grow, as has the company’s roster of large customers. In the past three years, Google has signed deals with Coinbase, Deutsche Bank, Ford, General Mills and SpaceX.

And existing clients have gone deeper with Google.

Home Depot said it was adopting Google’s public cloud in 2016, while Greene was CEO. Fahim Siddiqui, Home Depot’s chief information officer, said the home-improvement retailer has found increasing value from Google’s platform since he joined from Staples in late 2018.

“He’s brought in the enterprise discipline,” Siddiqui said of Kurian. “It’s one thing to provide the capability of the cloud, a set of interesting technical capabilities. There’s a discipline of availability, reliability, management and being a proven partner on this journey.”

Siddiqui said Home Depot uses its own data centers and co-location facilities, as well as cloud services from Google and Microsoft. Google is the company’s main cloud-computing partner, he said, and last year Home Depot started moving merchandising applications to Google’s cloud.

A big partner move Kurian made in his early months as CEO involved what he called an “integrated open-source ecosystem.” It was an alliance with Elastic, MongoDB and five other companies that sell distributions of open source software.

Elastic and MongoDB shares rallied as Kurian, speaking at Google’s Next cloud conference, talked about how clients could receive a single bill while using products from other companies managed through Google’s cloud console.

“It was music to my ears,” said Dev Ittycheria, CEO of MongoDB, which sells cloud database software and services. At the time, AWS was attempting to add some open source MongoDB database software capabilities into its DocumentDB service.

Ittycheria said the open source initiative was Kurian’s idea, and he applauded how Google has arranged the partnerships. In 2021, Google said it was lowering the percentage of revenue it keeps in marketplace deals to 3% from 20%. Ittycheria said MongoDB is “very happy with the structure of the deal.”

Jeffrey Flaks, the CEO of Hartford HealthCare, which has 37,000 employees, said one reason why his Connecticut health system moved to Google Cloud Platform last year from its on-premises data centers is that other large hospitals had picked Google. He said Kurian was another factor in why it selected Google over AWS, Azure and Oracle’s cloud.

“His personal engagement, his knowledge of our intentions and our desires and, candidly, his personal problem-solving skills,” Flaks said, “distinguished Google Cloud in this process.”

Google Cloud technology chief Will Grannis said Kurian’s commitment to improving the division’s offerings was evident right away. Grannis recalled a day in late 2018, after Kurian had been picked for the role but before he’d actually started the job.

Kurian stopped by a Google office in Sunnyvale, California, and was introduced to employees. After the meeting, Grannis found himself alone in the elevator with Kurian and they rode down silently. As they walked toward the parking lot, Grannis, who was then a managing director, introduced himself, and they began talking about a container-management technology called Kubernetes.

“I’ve been trying to get some Kubernetes clusters spun up in the console, and I have some feedback,” Kurian said, according to Grannis. “I’d like to understand how we can improve the experience for developers.”

The conversation went on for an hour.

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Apple punted on AI this year. Next year will be critical

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Apple punted on AI this year. Next year will be critical

Tim Cook, CEO of Apple Inc., during the Apple Worldwide Developers Conference at Apple Park campus in Cupertino, California, on June 9, 2025.

David Paul Morris | Bloomberg | Getty Images

One of the biggest launches in Apple’s history is supposed to come next year, and it’s got nothing to do with hardware. 

The company has promised investors that it will be launching the next generation of Siri, its artificial intelligence voice assistant. There’s a lot riding on the launch of a “more personal Siri” for Apple, which has so far been absent from the tech industry’s AI race that kicked off when OpenAI launched ChatGPT in late 2022. 

Apple doesn’t usually tell the public its product roadmap, but in Siri’s case, the iPhone maker made an exception. The company was supposed to launch the new AI assistant in 2025. But in March, Apple delayed the upgrade, even after running ads for the feature, to sometime in “the coming year.”

As consumers become increasingly accustomed to holding free-flowing conversations with the likes of ChatGPT, Anthropic’s Claude and Google’s Gemini chatbots, the pressure is on Apple to keep up. 

CEO Tim Cook told investors in October that Apple has been making good progress on Siri, and that’s “raised the bar meaningfully about what to expect,” said Deepwater Asset Management’s Gene Munster. 

“They basically said that this year, don’t bother us about AI, and we’ll blow you away by what we show next year,” Munster said. 

Apple stock is up 12% so far in 2025, with much of those gains coming in recent months, as the company’s iPhone 17 launch in September impressed investors. But Android-maker Google is at the center of the AI boom with its own models and tensor processing AI chips, and its stock has surged more than 60% this year.

Why Apple’s Siri is not better in the age of AI

Throghout 2025, AI was everywhere in Silicon Valley — except in Cupertino.

OpenAI released Sora 2, a video-generating app that briefly topped the Apple App Store charts. Anthropic released several new Claude models. Amazon revamped its Alexa AI assistant. Microsoft released software in November that lets companies manage “AI agents,” a term for AI programs that can work for hours at a time. Even Meta, which has faced its own shifting AI strategy, made moves to prepare for the release of its next frontier model, codenamed Avocado, CNBC reported last week. 

And early in the year, Nvidia took the crown as the most-valuable tech company from Apple. That was driven by the insatiable demand for Nvidia’s graphics processing units. During the year, the chipmaker started shipping a type of AI computer called the Grace Blackwell NVL72 that pairs 72 separate AI GPUs together and costs an estimated $3 million.

Apple, meanwhile, hasn’t had a major AI launch since 2024, when it announced Apple Intelligence. The software suite included image generators, text re-writers, the ability to summarize push notifications and an integration with ChatGPT.

AI barely mentioned

But so far, consumer response to Apple Intelligence has been mixed.

While the company’s improved AI-powered notification filtering and photo-editing features have been praised, other AI features faced issues. For example, Apple briefly turned off an AI feature that rewrote push notifications from news apps inaccurately (it’s since been turned back on by default).

The most notable of the Apple Intelligence features were the upgrades to Siri, but they were delayed in the spring, with the company saying development would take longer than first thought. Greg Joswiak, Apple’s worldwide marketing chief, said the company “didn’t want to disappoint customers,” in a June interview with The Wall Street Journal.

At the company’s Worldwide Developers Conference in June, AI was barely mentioned.

Apple did say that its new chips had better AI performance, and it debuted a number of machine learning features, such as AirPod live translations and intelligent call screening. Developers were also invited to tap into Apple’s foundation models. But the company didn’t announce anything on the scale of the chatbots and generative AI products that its peers have released.

Closing the year, Apple has shaken up its AI leadership ranks, signaling where the company stands when it comes to implementing a strategy to keep pace with rivals’ ground-breaking technology. 

In early December, Apple said John Giannandrea, the company’s machine learning and AI strategy chief, would retire in 2026. Many of his responsibilities will be split among COO Sabih Khan, services chief Eddy Cue and new hire Amar Subramanya, who previously worked at Google and Microsoft. Software chief Craig Federighi also gained expanded oversight over AI, with Subramanya reporting to him, Apple said.

The hiring of Subramanya, who was the head of engineering for Google Gemini before briefly joining Microsoft in an AI executive role, is particularly notable. The iPhone maker doesn’t tend to publicly discuss its engineering talent, especially new hires that don’t report directly to Cook.

The public announcement of a vice president hire like Subramanya shows how important it is for Apple to prove to investors and the public that it’s willing to shake up its AI leadership.

Apple Senior Vice President of Software Engineering Craig Federighi speaks during the Apple Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) on June 9, 2025 in Cupertino, California.

Justin Sullivan | Getty Images

It’s become clear that Apple is playing a different game than its peers, which have taken a cloud-based approach to AI that requires spending heavily on infrastructure.

Google, Microsoft, Meta and Amazon committed a collective $380 billion this year on capital expenditures, much of it on Nvidia-based data centers to create and serve the most advanced AI models.

Apple also increased its capital expenditures, but on a much smaller scale. Apple spent $12.71 billion on capital expenditures in the year ended in September, up 35% on an annual basis, but less than the company spent in 2018. Rather than using Nvidia chips in servers for Apple Intelligence, the iPhone maker says it uses chips that it originally designed for its computers because of user privacy reasons.

A key question for Apple is whether it will seek a partner to power the new Siri.

The improvements to the upgraded Siri are expected to include the ability for the voice assistant to do things like make a reservation intelligently based on a user’s travel plans and personal relationships.

Currently, when Siri is presented with complicated queries, the AI offers to have ChatGPT answer the question. At a panel shortly after the Apple Intelligence launch last year, company executives said that there was a chance other foundation models, including Google’s Gemini, could be built into the service. The latest version of Google’s model, Gemini 3, was released in November to positive reviews.

Cook has also said that Apple is open to making big acquisitions, which have been exceedingly rare to date. The valuations of AI labs like OpenAI and Anthropic have reached levels that make them almost impossible to acquire, even for a company with Apple’s cash flow.

OpenAI reached a $500 billion valuation in an October share sale, and Anthropic was valued at $350 billion in November. By comparison, Apple’s largest acquisition of all time is its 2014 purchase of Beats Electronics for $3 billion.

Apple’s lack of spending has led some investors to fret about the company’s AI strategy, putting more pressure on the Siri upgrade.

“Investors have already gotten enough gray hairs waiting for Apple to come out with their AI strategy,” said Wedbush analyst Dan Ives. “It’s time to come out and show the world what the strategy is.”

A laptop keyboard and Apple Intelligence on website displayed on a phone screen are seen in this illustration photo taken in Krakow, Poland on June 11, 2024.

Nurphoto | Nurphoto | Getty Images

Time is on Apple’s side

Even as some investors worry that Apple has fallen behind in AI, the company’s most important business is doing better than ever.

The iPhone 17 is a hit, and the company has projected 10% revenue growth in its holiday quarter. Apple will likely be the top smartphone vendor in terms of units shipped in 2025 as well as next year, besting Samsung, according to Counterpoint Research.

Apple’s lackluster AI hasn’t hurt iPhone sales yet, said Counterpoint analyst Yang Wang, who added that new AI features from other tech companies have yet to drastically change the day-to-day experience of using a smartphone.

“We don’t think it’s a major threat to Apple yet, just because the competition hasn’t really blown it out of the water,” Wang said.

Analysts and consumers may not see the threat to Apple, but company executives do. While testifying in a May trial, Apple’s Cue said AI technology is moving fast enough that users may not need an iPhone in a decade.

That’s because new hardware devices can use AI to create new user interfaces and features that aren’t possible with smartphones. Some early AI gadgets have already hit the market.

The Ray-Ban Meta glasses can use AI to identify objects in a user’s range of view, and Meta announced this month that it bought a startup called Limitless. That company’s AI pendant can record conversations and generate summaries for them. A purchase price wasn’t disclosed.

But the biggest threat to Apple may be from its current AI partner.

Earlier this year, OpenAI bought io, former Apple design guru Jony Ive’s AI devices startup, for $6.4 billion, and now Ive is helping the AI lab build next-generation consumer devices. Ive, who left Apple in 2019, is still widely seen as one of the driving forces behind the hardware maker’s biggest hits, including the iPhone and the iPad.

OpenAI CEO Sam Altman said in November that the company had “finally” finished its first device prototypes. Neither he nor Ive said what the devices are, just that they’re targeting a calmer “vibe” with their hardware than a smartphone.

Earlier this month, Altman told journalists that he believes OpenAI’s real rival isn’t Google, but Apple. He said smartphones are not well-suited for AI companions or other use cases, according to the Wall Street Journal.

But Apple still has time to ready its counter. Ive said in November that it would be about two years before he expects the OpenAI devices to be revealed to the public.

“They have more time than people realize to figure this out,” Munster said. “But as far as the near-term, they’ve got to deliver a 10 out of 10 when this new Siri comes out.”

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Unemployment rate rises, Tesla’s 2025 turnaround, Siri’s AI upgrade and more in Morning Squawk

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Unemployment rate rises, Tesla's 2025 turnaround, Siri's AI upgrade and more in Morning Squawk

Traders work on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) at the opening bell in New York on Dec. 16, 2025.

Charly Triballeau | Afp | Getty Images

This is CNBC’s Morning Squawk newsletter. Subscribe here to receive future editions in your inbox.

Here are five key things investors need to know to start the trading day:

1. Numbers game

The S&P 500 logged its third straight losing day yesterday as investors weighed jobs numbers for the last two months. The delayed data painted a familiar economic picture — low hiring, low firing — and didn’t move the needle when it came to the odds of a January interest rate cut.

Here’s what to know:

  • Nonfarm payrolls grew by a seasonally adjusted 64,000 in November, more than the Dow Jones estimate of 45,000.
  • The unemployment rate ticked up to 4.6%, higher than expectations and the highest level in more than 4 years.
  • The Bureau of Labor Statistics — whose reports have been delayed thanks to this fall’s government shutdown — also released an abbreviated report for October, which showed payrolls decreased by 105,000 in the month.
  • The Dow Jones Industrial Average joined the S&P in the red yesterday, while the Nasdaq Composite closed the session higher.
  • Meanwhile, U.S. crude oil prices closed at their lowest level since early 2021, after falling nearly 3%.
  • Follow live market updates here.

2. Robotaxiing to a record

Elon Musk, CEO of Tesla, speaks during the 2025 Annual Shareholder Meeting on Nov. 6, 2025.

Courtesy: Tesla

Shares of Tesla climbed 3% yesterday, setting both new intraday and closing highs as traders bet on the EV maker’s robotaxi ambitions.

Tuesday’s gain puts the stock up 21% for the year, a stunning turnaround from the 36% drop it logged in the first quarter. The rise this week was spurred by comments from CEO Elon Musk, who said in an X post on Sunday that Tesla is testing driverless vehicles in Austin with no one in the car.

But it’s not all green lights for Tesla. A California judge ruled that the EV maker’s marketing of its “Autopilot” and “Full Self-Driving” features was deceptive. The California Department of Motor Vehicles said last night that Tesla has 60 days to remedy the issues, or else it will face a 30-day suspension of its sales license in the state.

3. ‘Inadequate’

Jaque Silva | Nurphoto | Getty Images

The Warner Bros. Discovery board said this morning that it unanimously told its shareholders to reject Paramount Skydance’s takeover bid, calling the offer’s value “inadequate.”

Paramount launched its hostile bid last week after Netflix announced it had reached a $72 billion deal for WBD’s film and streaming assets. “Netflix made a compelling offer — it was heavy in cash, certainty of close, a high termination fee, and they responded to the operating issues that we were concerned about,” WBD board chair Samuel Di Piazza told CNBC’s David Faber on “Squawk Box” this morning.

Yesterday, Jared Kushner’s Affinity Partners said it exited Paramount’s bid. Affinity’s role in the offer raised eyebrows, as Kushner is President Donald Trump’s son-in-law. Trump has said he would be involved in the approval process for the Netflix-WBD deal.

4. Crunch time

U.S. House Speaker Mike Johnson (R-LA) speaks with the media following a classified briefing for all members of the U.S. House of Representatives on the situation in Venezuela, on Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C., U.S., Dec. 16, 2025.

Kevin Lamarque | Reuters

Speaker of the House Mike Johnson said yesterday that his chamber would not vote on extending enhanced Affordable Care Act tax credits this week, all but ensuring that the Obamacare subsidies will expire at the end of the year.

The House is not in session next week, but the ACA credits could still get a vote if enough Republicans support a Democrat-led effort to force an effective vote on the matter.

About 22 million Americans received enhanced subsidies, according to estimates from health policy research group KFF. If they expire, KFF has estimated that premiums would, on average, more than double next year.

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5. Hey Siri, what’s next?

Tim Cook, chief executive officer of Apple Inc., at the US Capitol in Washington, DC, US, on Wednesday, Dec. 10, 2025.

Al Drago | Bloomberg | Getty Images

Apple largely sat out of the artificial intelligence race this year, but it has big plans for 2026.

The iPhone maker has promised that it will launch the next generation of its AI voice assistant Siri sometime next year. The upgrade — which was originally scheduled for 2025 before being delayed in March — is seen as a chance for Apple to catch up to the likes of OpenAI, Google and their respective chatbots.

“They basically said that this year, don’t bother us about AI, and we’ll blow you away by what we show next year,” Deepwater Asset Management’s Gene Munster said.

The Daily Dividend

Auction prices for the iconic Birkin and Kelly bags are falling, according to data from Bernstein. Experts chalk up the trend to fewer Birkin buyers at auctions — as aspirational luxury consumers feel pressure from inflation and a slowing labor market — and more secondhand Birkins on the market.

CNBC’s Sean Conlon, Pia Singh, Jeff Cox, Spencer Kimball, Lora Kolodny, Dan Mangan, Garrett Downs, Sara Salinas, Alex Sherman, Eamon Javers, Kif Leswing and Robert Frank contributed to this report. Melodie Warner edited this edition.

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CNBC Daily Open: Beauty is in the eye of the U.S. jobs report beholder

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CNBC Daily Open: Beauty is in the eye of the U.S. jobs report beholder

Business representatives staff a table at a career fair in Harlem hosted by Assemblymember Jordan Wright on Dec. 10, 2025, in New York City.

Spencer Platt | Getty Images

The U.S. November jobs report has something for everybody.

Those convinced of weakness will highlight the higher-than-expected unemployment rate as well as the number of jobs shrinking in October.

On the other hand, proponents of a strong economy will focus on jobs growth in November beating estimates, and point out that the increase in the unemployment rate was mostly because the labor force grew, as CNBC’s Jeff Cox noted.

Without any definitive judgment that can be made on the state of the labor market, traders left their bets on interest rate cuts in January mostly unchanged. It’s currently at 25.5%, around one percentage point higher than before the release of the November jobs report, according to the CME FedWatch tool.

“Today’s data paints a picture of an economy catching its breath,” said Gina Bolvin, president at Bolvin Wealth Management Group. “Job growth is holding on, but cracks are forming. Consumers are still standing, but not sprinting.”

That ambivalence was reflected in markets as well. Major U.S. indexes were mixed: The S&P 500 and Dow Jones Industrial Average fell 0.24% and 0.62% respectively, while the Nasdaq Composite registered a mild gain of 0.23%, thanks to Tesla stock closing at an all-time high.

Whether you’re a bull or a bear, Tuesday’s tea leaves will show you what you want to see — but beware confirmation bias.

What you need to know today

And finally…

A general view looking past Tower Bridge toward Residential and commercial skyscrapers in Canary Wharf on June 26, 2025 in London, United Kingdom.

John Keeble | Getty Images News | Getty Images

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