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Voters across much of England will head to the ballot box for local and mayoral elections on Thursday.

It will be the first time people in England will have to show photographic identification at voting stations before they can cast their ballot.

Sky News takes you through all you need to know about the upcoming local elections.

Where are they taking place?

Most local councils in England are holding elections – excluding the Greater London area as they were held in 2022.

The majority of councils held their last elections in 2019 so the four-year cycle means it is their turn again.

A total of 8,057 seats are up for grabs in 4,831 wards.

Mayoral elections will also take place in Bedford, Leicester, Mansfield and Middlesbrough.

Local elections in Northern Ireland will take place two weeks later on 18 May.

There are no local elections in Scotland and Wales.

Voter identification

The law was changed last year so voters in Great Britain now have to show photo ID before being issued a ballot paper in polling stations for general, local and police and crime commissioner elections, and referendums.

When a similar system was introduced in Northern Ireland in 2003, there was an almost five-point drop in expected turnout but normal patterns were restored in subsequent elections.

Most forms of existing photo ID will be accepted, including:

• UK, EEA and Commonwealth passports or driving licences

• Most concessionary travel cards

• Blue Badge

• Proof of Age Standards Scheme (PASS) card.

Driving licence
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Driving licences will count as valid photo ID

Voters can still use photo ID that it is out of date, as long as it still looks like them and the name is the same one used to register to vote.

For those who do not have an accepted form of photo ID, their photo no longer looks like them or they are worried about using an existing form, such as due to a gender marker, voters can apply for a free Voter Authority Certificate.

The deadline for applying for a certificate for the English local elections is 5pm on 25 April, but people must have registered to vote before applying.

Voter registration deadline

People who wish to vote, and are eligible, must be registered.

For those who have not previously registered to vote or, have moved house, the deadline for the 2023 local elections was 11.59pm on 17 April.

People who have changed their name but are already registered could either contact their local council’s electoral services team and request a name change, or register again.

Sir Ed Davey
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Sir Ed Davey launched the Lib Dem local election campaign on 29 March

Voters who wanted to vote by post needed to apply to do so by 5pm on 18 April, and they also had to have registered to vote by the end of the day on 17 April.

Ballots were sent out about three weeks before polling day and they need to be with their local council by 10pm on polling day to be counted. If you cannot post it in time, you can take the pack to your local polling station or council on polling day.

Voters can also get a trusted person to vote on their behalf – a proxy vote. Applications for this closed at 5pm on 25 April.

How many seats/councils are parties defending?

The Conservatives hold the highest number of seats and councils in England, with the party holding majority control of 85 councils and defending 3,365 seats – 42% of the total seats.

Labour has majority control of 50 councils and 2,131 seats while the Lib Dems have control of 16 authorities and are defending 1,223 seats.

A third of English councils – 74 – currently have no overall control.

The Greens are defending 239 seats and Independents or local parties have majority control over five councils.

A combination of UKIP/Brexit/Reform UK are defending 30 seats, according to Sky News analysis.

There will be ward boundary changes in 49 authorities – more than a fifth of all councils – and boundaries are being altered in eight metropolitan boroughs, 14 unitary councils and 27 districts.

Boundary changes make it much harder to predict how the vote will go as they can encapsulate a different demographic.

What are the different types of authorities?

There are several different types of local authorities. County councils are responsible for larger services across an entire county such as education, transport, social care and fire and public safety.

District, borough and city councils provide a second tier and cover a smaller area than county councils, with responsibility for services like recycling, housing and planning applications.

Labour leader Sir Keir Starmer (centre) and Shadow chancellor Rachel Reeves (second right) take a selfie at the launch of the Labour Party's campaign for the May local elections in Swindon, Wiltshire. A total of 230 local authorities are holding contests on May 4, ranging from small rural councils to some of the largest towns and cities. Picture date: Thursday March 30, 2023.
Image:
Sir Keir Starmer launched Labour’s local election campaign on 20 March

In some parts of the country, there is just one tier of local government providing all local services. There are unitary authorities, and London and metropolitan boroughs.

Parish, community and town councils operate at a level below district and borough councils, and in some cases under unitary authorities. They provide help on issues such as allotments, bus shelters, play areas, local grants and have the power to issue fixed penalty fines for litter, graffiti, fly posting and dog offences.

How are local councillors elected?

In England, councillors are elected on four-year terms to either single or multi-member wards using the first-past-the-post electoral system.

In most councils (67%), all their seats – the areas of responsibility within the council – are elected at the same time every four years.

Nearly a third of councils (31%) see a third of their council seats elected each year for three years out of every four.

A very small number (2%) have half their council seats elected every two years. None of those are up for grabs this year.

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South Korea’s parliament impeaches acting president

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South Korea's parliament impeaches acting president

South Korea’s parliament has voted to impeach acting President Han Duck-soo.

The move could deepen a constitutional crisis triggered by a short-lived period of martial law declared by Mr Han’s predecessor, Yoon Suk Yeol.

After the vote on Friday, Mr Han said he will step aside to avoid more chaos.

The opposition brought impeachment proceedings against him over his refusal to immediately fill three places on South Korea’s Constitutional Court – where the former president is on trial.

Three justices had been approved by parliament – where the opposition Democratic Party has a majority – but Mr Han said he would not formally appoint them without bipartisan agreement.

South Korea’s constitution says that six justices on the nine-member Constitutional Court must agree to remove an impeached president, meaning the current justices must vote unanimously to remove Mr Yoon.

The court has said it can deliberate without the full nine-member bench.

Leader of the opposition Lee Jae-myung had vowed to go ahead with the impeachment, accusing Mr Han of “acting for insurrection”.

A man waves a South Korean flag at an anti-Yoon Suk Yeol protest.
Pic: AP
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A man waves a South Korean flag at an anti-Yoon Suk Yeol protest. Pic: AP

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Now that Mr Han – who is also prime minister – has been impeached, his finance minister Choi Sang-mok is set to take over as acting president.

Politicians in the 300 parliament voted 192-0 to impeach him. Governing party politicians boycotted the vote.

Following the vote, Mr Han said he would respect the decision and will await a ruling from the Constitutional Court on the impeachment motion.

Mr Han will be stripped of the powers and duties of the president until the Constitutional Court decides whether to dismiss or reinstate him – the same as with Mr Yoon.

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Ukraine War: Vladimir Putin open to peace talks in Slovakia

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Ukraine War: Vladimir Putin open to peace talks in Slovakia

Russian President Vladimir Putin has said he would be open to peace talks with Ukraine in Slovakia “if it comes to that”. 

Mr Putin said Slovakian Prime Minister Robert Fico, who this week visited the Kremlin, had offered his country as a location for negotiations as the war in Ukraine nears the three-year mark.

The Russian president said the Slovakian authorities “would be happy to provide their own country as a platform for negotiations”.

“We are not opposed, if it comes to that. Why not? Since Slovakia takes such a neutral position,” Mr Putin said, adding he was resolved to end the conflict in Ukraine, which started with a land, air and sea invasion of Russia’s smaller neighbour in February 2022.

Follow the latest updates on the war in Ukraine

Ukraine is yet to comment on Slovakia’s offer but President Volodymyr Zelenskyy has repeatedly criticised the country, which borders Ukraine, for the friendly tone Mr Fico has struck towards Russia since his return to power after an election in 2023.

Mr Fico has been critical of EU support for Ukraine, where millions have been displaced since Mr Putin’s decision to launch a “special military operation” to “denazify” and “demilitarise” the 37 million-strong country.

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Mr Zelenskyy on North Korea and Slovakian PM in Moscow

Mr Putin has repeatedly said Russia is open to talks to end the conflict with Kyiv, but that it would nevertheless achieve its goals in Ukraine.

He has previously demanded Ukraine withdraw its bid to join NATO and asked it to recognise Russia’s gains. Both Kyiv and the West have rejected those demands.

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But while Mr Zelenskyy had for most of the conflict insisted Ukraine would keep fighting until it regained control of its territories, his position on negotiations now appears to have shifted.

In an interview with Sky News, Mr Zelenskyy suggested a ceasefire deal could be struck if the Ukrainian territory he controls could be taken “under the NATO umbrella”.

This would then allow him to negotiate the return of the rest later “in a diplomatic way”.

The Ukrainian leader admitted last week his forces would be unable to recapture any territories occupied by Russia in the east of Ukraine and the Crimean peninsula.

While Kyiv would never recognise Russia’s rule, he said diplomacy is the only option to get Mr Putin to withdraw his army.

The war in Ukraine has taken a devastating toll on Russia too. UK government and military analysis estimates that Russia has lost around half a million troops killed or wounded in Ukraine.

Such is the pressure on manpower that The Kremlin turned to one of its remaining allies, North Korea, to provide additional forces.

It’s thought 10,000 to 12,000 troops were sent in October to fight alongside the Russian military in the fighting in the Kursk region.

However it’s suggested their lack of combat experience has resulted in heavy losses, with Mr Zelenskyy saying earlier this week that 3,000 North Korean troops have already been killed and wounded.

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Donald Trump: President-elect targets Canada, Greenland and Panama Canal in Christmas message

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Donald Trump: President-elect targets Canada, Greenland and Panama Canal in Christmas message

Donald Trump has suggested the US could take control of Canada, Greenland and the Panama Canal in a series of Christmas Day social media posts.

The president-elect wished a merry Christmas to all on his Truth Social platform, “including to the wonderful soldiers of China, who are lovingly, but illegally, operating the Panama Canal”.

In the lengthy posts, Mr Trump referred to the American lives lost during the canal’s construction and said the US “puts in billions of dollars in ‘repair’ money, but will have absolutely nothing to say about ‘anything’.”

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Panama Canal, strange sounds and Elon Musk

He also mocked Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau as “governor” and again suggested the country could be turned into a US state – following similar comments made in recent weeks.

“If Canada was to become our 51st state, their taxes would be cut by more than 60%, their businesses would immediately double in size, and they would be militarily protected like no other country anywhere in the world,” he wrote.

FILE - A cargo ship traverses the Agua Clara Locks of the Panama Canal in Colon, Panama, Sept. 2, 2024. (AP Photo/Matias Delacroix, File)
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A cargo ship traverses the Panama Canal in Colon, Panama. Pic: AP

In another post, Mr Trump, 78, said he had encouraged former ice hockey star Wayne Gretzky to run for prime minister but he “had no interest”.

He also addressed “the people of Greenland, which is needed by the United States for national security purposes and, who want the US to be there, and we will!”

It comes after Mr Trump renewed the call he made during his first term in office for the US to buy Greenland from Denmark.

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The world’s largest island, which sits between the Atlantic and Arctic oceans, is 80% covered by an ice sheet and is home to a large US military base. Greenland gained autonomy from Denmark in 1979.

The island’s Prime Minister Mute Egede has insisted Greenland is not for sale.

Mr Trump has also previously threatened to retake control of the Panama Canal, accusing Panama of charging excessive rates to use the crucial trade passage and warning of potential Chinese influence.

Panama’s President Jose Raul Mulino previously said his country’s independence was non-negotiable and that China had no influence on the canal’s administration.

The canal is a critical waterway for world trade, connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans and allows ships to avoid lengthy and hazardous journeys around the southernmost tip of South America by cutting through the middle of the Americas.

After the ambitious project was opened in 1914, the canal and surrounding territory were controlled by the US until an agreement with Panama in 1977 paved the way for it to return to full Panamanian control in 1999.

China does not control the canal but a subsidiary of Hong Kong-based CK Hutchison Holdings has long managed two ports at the canal’s Caribbean and Pacific entrances.

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