The Cullinan diamond – the largest diamond ever found – is just one of the many diamonds that will be in the spotlight during the coronation ceremony.
It again entered the public eye when cuts of the original diamond sat atop the royal sceptre and in Queen Camilla’s crown, where it was substituted for the even more controversial diamond, the Koh-i-noor.
Here’s a look back at its history – and why those two jewels, in particular, are so controversial.
Who was Thomas Cullinan?
Thomas Cullinan, a businessman who worked in South Africa, is known for giving his name to the largest diamond ever discovered in the country.
He moved to Johannesburg in 1887, where he first became a bricklayer and after earning some money, he found an interest in sales and business.
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In 1897, Cullinan moved to Parktown, where he discovered the Premier diamond fields a year later.
Cullinan soon became the co-founder of what came to be The Transvaal Chamber of Industries – a mining-industry employer organisation.
He continued to grow in his career and in 1910, Cullinan was knighted for his work in the diamond industry.
How did the diamond end up in the UK?
According to the Cape Town Diamond Museum, the diamond was first discovered at the Premier Mine in Pretoria, South Africa, by Fedrick Wells in 1905.
The Cullinan diamond was only a fragment of an even bigger stone that was still not yet discovered – it weighed 3,106 carats (621.2 grams).
The stone was carefully sent off to England and to keep it safe, detectives from London were asked to send out replicas and decoys in public to throw off potential thieves.
After the Anglo-Boer War, the South African Transvaal government bought the diamond from Cullinan and later presented and gifted it to Britain’s King Edward VII in 1907.
What are Cullinan I and Cullinan II?
Image: The Imperial State Crown which contains the Cullinan II diamond
The diamond was then entrusted to what is now known as The Royal Asscher Diamond Company.
King Edward VII invited the Asscher brothers to London to discuss cutting the diamond into different pieces.
The original diamond was “the size of a human heart”, the Royal Asscher website says.
After months of careful planning and studying, it was decided that Joseph Asscher who founded the company would cleave the Cullinan into nine major stones and 96 smaller stones.
There were two diamonds amongst those that weighed the most.
These were known as the Cullinan I and Cullinan II.
Image: King Edward VII of England. Pic: AP
Cullinan I became known as the Star of Africa and Cullinan II became known as The Lesser Star of Africa.
In 1910, after King Edward’s death, King George V had the Cullinan I and Cullinan II set in the sovereign’s sceptre and Imperial State Crown respectively.
The 96 smaller stones were given to the Asschers as their fee for cutting the diamond.
‘The diamond’s gift in 1907 was controversial’
As the royals prepare their Crown Jewels for the upcoming ceremony, the question of right and wrong surrounds them – with growing calls for the royals to return the cuts of the diamond to their homeland.
Dr Matt Graham, a senior lecturer in African history at the University of Dundee, said: “The journey of this diamond [The Cullinan] from South Africa to the monarchy is part of imperial networks, empire, and colonial rule, where resources from across the world were extracted for the benefit of Britain.
“There are demands within South Africa for reparations and the return of the gem because it is a powerful symbol of empire.”
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Image: A brooch containing Cullinan cuts was on display at Buckingham Palace in 2012. Pic: Reuters
After the death of Queen Elizabeth II, both the Cullinan I and II were placed on display.
While the late Queen was laid to rest, criticism arose of the late monarch for never formally apologising for Britain’s colonial past in South Africa.
And so, the Cullinan diamond remains wrapped in the timeline of colonial history, which raises the question of whether the cuts of it should return to the land where the original stone was found.
Last year, activists in South Africa also petitioned for the cuts to be returned and placed in a South African museum instead.
Professor Saul Dubow from the faculty of history at the University of Cambridge told Sky News the Cullinan diamond was controversial, but it also played a role in the dispute within “white politics”.
He said: “The diamond’s gift in 1907 was controversial, but it was principally a matter of dispute within white politics, specifically, about the gift as a gesture to win the support of the Crown and British Liberal opinion in the aftermath of the Boer War.”
Image: Queen Mary’s Crown, which will contain cuts of the Cullinan diamond when it is worn by Camilla at her coronation, is seen in 1952
Professor Dubow said the hope at the time was that “this would facilitate reconciliation between English and Dutch-speakers. Further Cullinan stones were gifted to Queen Mary by the new South African government of Louis Botha and Jan Smuts – both of whom had fought against British imperialism – on the achievement of independence from Britain in 1910.”
He continued: “Political union was indeed achieved at the cost of black South Africans. But it is hard to see a direct connection between the gift of the diamond and the loss of African rights.
“Some campaigners are now arguing that the diamond should be restored to Africa because it came out of African soil and that the colonial government had no right to give it away in the first place.
“The crown’s designation of the Cullinan as the ‘Great Star of Africa’ may thus be an unintentional hostage to fortune!”
What is the Koh-i-noor diamond and why is it controversial?
Earlier this year, Buckingham Palace released a statement confirming the Koh-i-noor diamond would not be worn by the Queen Consort.
The East India Company seized the historic treasure in 1849 when it was presented to Queen Victoria and became part of the Crown Jewels.
The Koh-i-noor diamond, also known as “Mountains of Light” in Persian, has also been the centre of controversy over the years with political and legal disputes regarding its original owner.
In 2016 the All India Human Rights and Social Justice Front, a non-governmental organisation, filed a lawsuit seeking its return.
However, Solicitor General Ranjit Kumar told India’s Supreme Court in New Delhi it was given to Queen Victoria in 1850 by a 19th-century Sikh king.
“It was given voluntarily by Ranjit Singh to the British as compensation for help in the Sikh Wars. The Koh-i-noor is not a stolen object,” he said.
But the debate of ownership and its painful past continues to this day.
A spokesman for Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s Bharatiya Janata Party reportedly said last year – before the decision was made to remove it: “The coronation of Camilla and the use of the crown jewel Koh-i-noor brings back painful memories of the colonial past.
“Most Indians have very little memory of the oppressive past. Five to six generations of Indians suffered under multiple foreign rules for over five centuries.
“Recent occasions, like Queen Elizabeth II’s death, the coronation of the new Queen Camilla and the use of the Koh-i-noor does transport a few Indians back to the days of the British Empire in India,” he added.
The King’s Coronation
Image: King Charles III crowned with St Edward’s Crown
Queen Camilla was crowned with Queen Mary’s Crown – reset with cuts of the Cullinan diamond – which was originally commissioned for the coronation of Mary of Teck as Queen Consort at the coronation of King George V in 1911.
Image: Queen Camilla crowned with Queen Mary’s Crown
The King was crowned with the St Edward’s Crown, a solid gold crown set with precious stones. The crown weighs 2.23kg (nearly 5 lbs).
A baby girl has become the first child in the UK to be born from a womb transplant.
Grace Davidson, who received the transplant in 2023, said the birth of her daughter Amy Isabel was the “greatest gift we could ever have asked for”.
The 36-year-old, from north London, received the donated womb from her older sister, Amy.
It was the first time the procedure had taken place in the UK, and the birth will give hope to thousands of women born without a womb – like those with Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome – or whose womb fails to function.
Image: Grace and Angus Davidson with the hospital team at the birth of baby Amy. Pic: Womb Transplant UK/PA
Amy Isabel was named after her aunt, and a surgeon who helped perfect the technique, and was born by planned caesarean section on 27 February at Queen Charlotte’s and Chelsea Hospital in London.
Mrs Davidson, an NHS dietitian, said she felt “shock” when she first held her daughter, adding: “We have been given the greatest gift we could ever have asked for.
“It was just hard to believe she was real. I knew she was ours, but it’s just hard to believe.
“It sort of feels like there’s a completeness now where there maybe wasn’t before.”
Image: Aunt Amy Purdie (right) with the happy family. Pic: Womb Transplant UK/PA
Her husband Angus, 37, said: “The moment we saw her was incredible, and both of us just broke down in emotional tears – it’s hard to describe, it was elation.
“It had been such a long wait. We’d been intending to have a family somehow since we were married, and we’ve kind of been on this journey for such a long time.”
Womb transplantation is on the way to becoming an acceptable, life-giving procedure
The birth of Amy Isabel is not just a first for the UK, but an important step towards womb transplantation becoming an established medical procedure.
It was little more than a decade ago that the world’s first baby was born following a womb transplant in Sweden.
And not without eyebrows being raised by some in the world of medical ethics.
Not all womb transplants, whether from a living relative or from a deceased donor, are successful. And not all result in successful or uncomplicated pregnancies.
But the surgical team behind this UK success have achieved a one-for-one: a healthy baby born from the first womb transplant ever performed here.
Amy Isabel joins an estimated 50 other babies and children worldwide now born via a womb transplant.
And she won’t be the last.
Around 100 women in at least 10 countries have undergone the procedure – three transplants have taken place in the UK since Amy’s mother became the first in 2023.
A study of 33 womb transplants in the US found 74% of the transplants remained healthy after a year and 80% of those resulted in a successful birth.
But a womb transplant is unlikely to ever become “routine”.
While the number of eligible women – those lacking a functioning uterus but having healthy ovaries – might number in the low thousands in a country the size of the UK, not all would meet the strict medical criteria needed to maximise the chance of a successful transplant and subsequent birth.
And not all might choose it.
A successful birth following a womb transplant involves three major operations. The first to receive the transplanted womb, a caesarean section to deliver the baby, then a hysterectomy to remove the womb once the recipient mother decides to have no more children.
Given a womb transplant isn’t “life-saving”, ethics guidelines require the procedure to be temporary. The long-term risks of organ rejection, and the drugs needed to prevent it, are considered too great once the womb has served its miraculous function.
Some medical ethicists still question the procedure as a whole, arguing it is unnecessarily risky for both the mother and baby, especially babies are born seriously pre-term and at low birth weight.
However, this latest success, and the increasing number of healthy babies born via the procedure worldwide may change that.
Womb transplantation is on the way to becoming an acceptable, life-giving procedure for women who previously had no hope of carrying a baby of their own.
Mrs Davidson was born with Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser, a rare condition that affects around one in every 5,000 women. It means they have an underdeveloped or missing womb.
Image: Grace with her sister Amy (right) and daughter. Pic: Womb Transplant UK/PA
However, the ovaries are intact and still function to produce eggs and female hormones, making conceiving via fertility treatment a possibility.
Before receiving the donated womb, Mrs Davidson and her husband underwent fertility treatment to create seven embryos, which were frozen for In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) in central London.
Mrs Davidson had surgery in February 2023 to receive the womb from her 42-year-old sister Amy Purdie, who is a mother to two girls aged 10 and six.
Several months later, one of the stored embryos was transferred via IVF to Mrs Davidson.
The baby weighed 4.5lbs and was delivered several weeks early to ensure a safe, hospital-based delivery.
Ms Purdie called the birth of her niece “worth every moment”.
Professor Richard Smith and Isabel Quiroga were the lead surgeons for the womb transplant and both were in the operating theatre when Amy was delivered, with her parents choosing her middle name in honour of Ms Quiroga.
Prof Smith, clinical lead at the charity Womb Transplant UK and consultant gynaecological surgeon at Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, told Sky News that being in the operating theatre when Amy was delivered was “really quite remarkable”.
The medic said: “We’ve waited a very, very long time for this, and there’s been quite a lot of tears shed. Ironically the scariest bit of the day for me was when [Amy’s] mum and dad asked me to hold their baby, which was incredible.”
Ms Quiroga, consultant surgeon at the Oxford Transplant Centre, part of Oxford University Hospitals, told Sky News it was “quite a complex procedure” and “the pressure was immense when we did the transplant”.
But she said it was “totally amazing to see all that effort” and it has “been totally worth it”.
A teenager suddenly becomes violent, his anger towards women fuelled by online influencers, while his parents struggle to process what their son is capable of.
Does this sound familiar?
It’s the story of the hit drama Adolescence – but for Jess and Rob, it’s their life.
Their 14-year-old son Harry’s violence has escalated so rapidly he’s had to be taken into care. We’ve changed all their names to protect their identities.
Until the age of 12, Harry’s parents say he was a “wonderful” son. But they saw a change in his personality, which they believe was sparked by an incident when he was hit by a girl. Soon, he developed an online interest in masculine power and control.
Image: Harry’s personality changed after he was assaulted (this image shows an actor in a Sky News reconstruction)
“Harry became obsessed with being strong, and I think he developed a difficulty around certain female people because of the assault,” Jess says.
“He had to be in charge… in every setting,” Rob adds.
Then one night, he punched his mother, Jess. His parents called the police in the hope it would shock him out of doing it again. But, as time went on, the violence escalated.
“We probably must have called the police over 100 times,” Rob says.
One attack was so serious, Jess ended up in hospital. The violence spilled outside the home too as Harry assaulted neighbours and friends.
Then he threatened to stab a teacher.
“Every time we think it can’t get any worse, something else happens and it does get worse,” Rob says. “Unfortunately, him getting hold of a knife is quite likely to happen.”
They say Adolescence, which stars Stephen Graham, Ashley Walters and Owen Cooper, touched a nerve.
Image: Jess and Rob say they called the police 100 times (this image shows actors in a Sky News reconstruction)
“My worst fear is that he’s going to end up killing one of us,” says Jess. “If not us, then somebody else…”
It’s a shocking thought for any parent to have. As well as contacting police, the family have tried many times to get help from social services and the NHS for Harry’s deteriorating mental health.
“We’ve been told that we’re using too many resources and accessing too many services,” Rob says. “We tried for 18 months to get him more intensive therapeutic help. At every turn it was ‘no, no, no’.”
They have found help with an organisation called PEGS that supports parents who are victims of their own children’s violence.
Image: PEGS founder Michelle John says many families struggle to have their concerns taken seriously
Last year it was contacted by over 3,500 families, a 70% increase on 2023. Founder Michelle John says many families struggle to have their concerns taken seriously.
“What we’re hearing time and time again is that referrals are not being picked up because thresholds aren’t being met and perhaps the parent or caregiver isn’t a risk to the child,” she says. “Families are falling through gaps.”
In some parts of the country, local organisations are attempting to fill those gaps. Bright Star Boxing Academy in Shropshire has children referred by schools, social workers and even the police.
Joe Lockley, who runs the academy, says the problem is services that deal with youth violence are “inundated”.
“The biggest cause of the violent behaviour is mental health,” he says. “They lack that sense of belonging and control, and it’s quite easy to gain that from the wrong crowd and getting involved in violence.
“Social media is having a huge impact, especially around that young person’s identity.”
Image: Ethan at the Bright Star Boxing Academy
Ethan, 18, agrees. He joined the academy aged 14. By then he had already been arrested several times for getting into fights.
He believes bullying sparked anxiety and depression. “Someone could look at me, I’d be angry,” he says.
“Social media – that’s definitely a massive part. You’ve got so many people that are living this material life. They’ve got loads of money.
“My main thing was seeing people with amazing bodies – I felt I couldn’t reach that point and it made me self-conscious, which would add on to the anger which then turned to hatred towards other people.”
Image: Ethan says boxing has helped him turn his life around
Without the support of the boxing academy, he believes, he wouldn’t have been able to turn his life around.
“I would either be in prison or I would have done something a lot worse to myself,” he says.
“It’s just this massive mess in your head where you’ve got a million thoughts at once – you don’t know what to think or how to even speak sometimes,” he adds.
“All we need is someone that’s got the time for us… and the understanding that it’s a war in our heads.”
A government spokesperson told Sky News: “We have seen too many preventable tragedies caused by the failings of mental health services, and it’s unacceptable that young people have not been getting the care and treatment they need to keep them, their families and the wider public safe.
“We are working to ensure children and their families get that help. We are investing over £50m to fund specialist support in schools, launching a Young Futures hub in every community, and providing access to a specialist mental health professional in every school in England.”
Anyone feeling emotionally distressed or suicidal can call Samaritans for help on 116 123 or email jo@samaritans.org in the UK. In the US, call the Samaritans branch in your area or 1 (800) 273-TALK
A plastic surgeon has been found guilty of the attempted murder of a fellow doctor who he stabbed after a failed attempt to set his house on fire.
Peter Brooks had cycled to the home of Graeme Perks in Halam, near Southwell, Nottinghamshire, while wearing camouflage gear and armed with a crowbar, petrol, matches and a knife in the early hours of 14 January 2021.
The 61-year-old then doused the ground floor of the property with petrol before stabbing fellow plastic surgeon Mr Perks because he wanted him “out of the way”, his trial at Loughborough Courthouse heard.
The victim’s wife and children were sleeping at the time of the attack, the jury was told.
Mr Perks, a consultant plastic surgeon, had provided evidence in disciplinary proceedings against Brooks, who faced potentially losing his job with Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, the jury was told.
Brooks was “voluntarily absent” from his month-long trial because he was on hunger strike and said he would “rather be dead than incarcerated”, it can now be reported.
He also sacked his lawyers before the trial and was unrepresented in the case.
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Image: Graeme Perks is fighting for his life in hospital. Pic: BAPRAS
When opening the prosecution’s case, Tracy Ayling KC had told the jury it was “clear that the defendant hated Graeme Perks” and wanted him “out of the way”.
Mr Perks, who was 65 at the time, had retired the month before the attack and suffered “extremely life-threatening” injuries to his liver, intestines and pancreas, and was given a 95% chance of death, the court was told.
He had woken up on the night of the attack when Brooks smashed through his conservatory, the jury heard.
Image: The camouflage suit worn by Peter Brooks during the attack. Pic Nottinghamshire Police
Mr Perks then went downstairs where his feet “felt a bit damp” from the petrol, which Brooks had also thrown against the wall next to the stairs, before he felt a “blow to his body”, the court was told.
Brooks was later found asleep on a garden bench later that morning when he was taken to hospital for injuries to his hand, and was arrested.
His blood was found on a door at the scene of the attack.
Brooks has been convicted of two counts of attempted murder, attempted arson with intent to endanger life, and possession of a knife in a public place.
Jurors deliberated for more than 12 hours before finding Brooks guilty of all the charges against him.
Image: Graeme Perks leaves court in Loughborough after giving evidence.
Pic: PA
This breaking news story is being updated and more details will be published shortly.