The Cullinan diamond – the largest diamond ever found – is just one of the many diamonds that will be in the spotlight during the coronation ceremony.
It again entered the public eye when cuts of the original diamond sat atop the royal sceptre and in Queen Camilla’s crown, where it was substituted for the even more controversial diamond, the Koh-i-noor.
Here’s a look back at its history – and why those two jewels, in particular, are so controversial.
Who was Thomas Cullinan?
Thomas Cullinan, a businessman who worked in South Africa, is known for giving his name to the largest diamond ever discovered in the country.
He moved to Johannesburg in 1887, where he first became a bricklayer and after earning some money, he found an interest in sales and business.
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In 1897, Cullinan moved to Parktown, where he discovered the Premier diamond fields a year later.
Cullinan soon became the co-founder of what came to be The Transvaal Chamber of Industries – a mining-industry employer organisation.
He continued to grow in his career and in 1910, Cullinan was knighted for his work in the diamond industry.
How did the diamond end up in the UK?
According to the Cape Town Diamond Museum, the diamond was first discovered at the Premier Mine in Pretoria, South Africa, by Fedrick Wells in 1905.
The Cullinan diamond was only a fragment of an even bigger stone that was still not yet discovered – it weighed 3,106 carats (621.2 grams).
The stone was carefully sent off to England and to keep it safe, detectives from London were asked to send out replicas and decoys in public to throw off potential thieves.
After the Anglo-Boer War, the South African Transvaal government bought the diamond from Cullinan and later presented and gifted it to Britain’s King Edward VII in 1907.
What are Cullinan I and Cullinan II?
Image: The Imperial State Crown which contains the Cullinan II diamond
The diamond was then entrusted to what is now known as The Royal Asscher Diamond Company.
King Edward VII invited the Asscher brothers to London to discuss cutting the diamond into different pieces.
The original diamond was “the size of a human heart”, the Royal Asscher website says.
After months of careful planning and studying, it was decided that Joseph Asscher who founded the company would cleave the Cullinan into nine major stones and 96 smaller stones.
There were two diamonds amongst those that weighed the most.
These were known as the Cullinan I and Cullinan II.
Image: King Edward VII of England. Pic: AP
Cullinan I became known as the Star of Africa and Cullinan II became known as The Lesser Star of Africa.
In 1910, after King Edward’s death, King George V had the Cullinan I and Cullinan II set in the sovereign’s sceptre and Imperial State Crown respectively.
The 96 smaller stones were given to the Asschers as their fee for cutting the diamond.
‘The diamond’s gift in 1907 was controversial’
As the royals prepare their Crown Jewels for the upcoming ceremony, the question of right and wrong surrounds them – with growing calls for the royals to return the cuts of the diamond to their homeland.
Dr Matt Graham, a senior lecturer in African history at the University of Dundee, said: “The journey of this diamond [The Cullinan] from South Africa to the monarchy is part of imperial networks, empire, and colonial rule, where resources from across the world were extracted for the benefit of Britain.
“There are demands within South Africa for reparations and the return of the gem because it is a powerful symbol of empire.”
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Image: A brooch containing Cullinan cuts was on display at Buckingham Palace in 2012. Pic: Reuters
After the death of Queen Elizabeth II, both the Cullinan I and II were placed on display.
While the late Queen was laid to rest, criticism arose of the late monarch for never formally apologising for Britain’s colonial past in South Africa.
And so, the Cullinan diamond remains wrapped in the timeline of colonial history, which raises the question of whether the cuts of it should return to the land where the original stone was found.
Last year, activists in South Africa also petitioned for the cuts to be returned and placed in a South African museum instead.
Professor Saul Dubow from the faculty of history at the University of Cambridge told Sky News the Cullinan diamond was controversial, but it also played a role in the dispute within “white politics”.
He said: “The diamond’s gift in 1907 was controversial, but it was principally a matter of dispute within white politics, specifically, about the gift as a gesture to win the support of the Crown and British Liberal opinion in the aftermath of the Boer War.”
Image: Queen Mary’s Crown, which will contain cuts of the Cullinan diamond when it is worn by Camilla at her coronation, is seen in 1952
Professor Dubow said the hope at the time was that “this would facilitate reconciliation between English and Dutch-speakers. Further Cullinan stones were gifted to Queen Mary by the new South African government of Louis Botha and Jan Smuts – both of whom had fought against British imperialism – on the achievement of independence from Britain in 1910.”
He continued: “Political union was indeed achieved at the cost of black South Africans. But it is hard to see a direct connection between the gift of the diamond and the loss of African rights.
“Some campaigners are now arguing that the diamond should be restored to Africa because it came out of African soil and that the colonial government had no right to give it away in the first place.
“The crown’s designation of the Cullinan as the ‘Great Star of Africa’ may thus be an unintentional hostage to fortune!”
What is the Koh-i-noor diamond and why is it controversial?
Earlier this year, Buckingham Palace released a statement confirming the Koh-i-noor diamond would not be worn by the Queen Consort.
The East India Company seized the historic treasure in 1849 when it was presented to Queen Victoria and became part of the Crown Jewels.
The Koh-i-noor diamond, also known as “Mountains of Light” in Persian, has also been the centre of controversy over the years with political and legal disputes regarding its original owner.
In 2016 the All India Human Rights and Social Justice Front, a non-governmental organisation, filed a lawsuit seeking its return.
However, Solicitor General Ranjit Kumar told India’s Supreme Court in New Delhi it was given to Queen Victoria in 1850 by a 19th-century Sikh king.
“It was given voluntarily by Ranjit Singh to the British as compensation for help in the Sikh Wars. The Koh-i-noor is not a stolen object,” he said.
But the debate of ownership and its painful past continues to this day.
A spokesman for Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s Bharatiya Janata Party reportedly said last year – before the decision was made to remove it: “The coronation of Camilla and the use of the crown jewel Koh-i-noor brings back painful memories of the colonial past.
“Most Indians have very little memory of the oppressive past. Five to six generations of Indians suffered under multiple foreign rules for over five centuries.
“Recent occasions, like Queen Elizabeth II’s death, the coronation of the new Queen Camilla and the use of the Koh-i-noor does transport a few Indians back to the days of the British Empire in India,” he added.
The King’s Coronation
Image: King Charles III crowned with St Edward’s Crown
Queen Camilla was crowned with Queen Mary’s Crown – reset with cuts of the Cullinan diamond – which was originally commissioned for the coronation of Mary of Teck as Queen Consort at the coronation of King George V in 1911.
Image: Queen Camilla crowned with Queen Mary’s Crown
The King was crowned with the St Edward’s Crown, a solid gold crown set with precious stones. The crown weighs 2.23kg (nearly 5 lbs).
Liam Gallagher, Tyson Fury and Wayne Rooney were among those who attended the funeral of boxing champion Ricky Hatton.
While famous faces and family gathered at Manchester cathedral for the private memorial service, thousands of people lined the streets on Friday morning to pay their respects as the procession passed.
The procession was led by a Reliant Regal – the yellow three-wheeler made famous on the show Only Fools And Horses – which Hatton famously owned and used to drive.
As the funeral cortege passed the site of the pub Hatton’s parents, Ray and Carol Hatton, used to own and where he used to train in the basement – known back then as The New Inn – doves were released.
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Cheers as Ricky Hatton’s coffin enters cathedrall
Outside the church a brass band played Winter Wonderland, synonymous with the chant “There’s Only One Ricky Hatton”, which rang round the many stadiums Hatton fought in.
The service was played to the crowds outside the cathedral, during which Hatton’s three children Campbell, Fearne and Millie, each paid tribute to their dad.
Image: The Reliant Regal owned by Hatton led the funeral procession. Pic: Action Images/Reuters
Image: Pic: Reuters
Campbell, who has followed his father to become a boxer, said: “I can’t explain how much I’m going to miss you, Dad, and that we won’t be making any new memories – but the ones we did I will cherish forever.”
A statement from Hatton’s mother was read on her behalf, in which she described her son as “our little champion from the day he was born”.
Image: Hatton’s parents Ray and Carol. Pic: PA
Image: Wayne and Coleen Rooney. Pic: PA
Also pictured attending the service included Happy Mondays’s Shaun Ryder and Mark ‘Bez’ Berry, reality TV personality Calum Best, comedian Paddy McGuinness, former cricket star Andrew ‘Freddie’ Flintoff and actor Dean Gaffney.
Image: Former cricketer Andrew ‘Freddie’ Flintoff. Pic: PA
Image: Mark Berry ‘Bez’. Pic: PA
Boxer Frazer Clarke and former boxers Frank Bruno, Amir Khan, Scott Welch and Anthony Crolla were also at the funeral, as was pundit and former footballer Chris Kamara.
Eyewitness: A send-off for not just a great fighter, but a great Mancunian
As Ricky Hatton’s hearse moved through the streets of Manchester, some of the greatest names in British boxing began to climb the steps of the cathedral.
From Tyson Fury to Frank Bruno, Amir Khan to Tony Bellew, a collection of champions arrived to pay their respects.
In a testament to how Hatton’s legacy went beyond boxing, Liam Gallagher of Oasis was also there, as well as Andy Burnham, the mayor of Greater Manchester.
But this wasn’t just a service in tribute to “Ricky the hitman”, who fought under the brightest lights.
This was a tribute to Richard Hatton, the people’s champion, who meant so much to this city, and died at 46.
As the service was played over a sound system, many of the people gathered wiped their eyes and bowed their heads as they heard tributes from Hatton’s loved ones.
Many of the people outside were wearing the sky blue of Manchester City, mourning one of their own.
Some had met him. Like the man whose son was a boxer and benefited from Hatton’s advice, or the two women who would grab a pint and a picture with him at City games.
For one of them, the night he won the world title in Manchester Arena remains a moment, she will never forget.
When the coffin was loaded back into the hearse for a final journey through Manchester to the Etihad, the crowd parted and applauded, before one last rendition of walking in a Hatton wonderland played by a band.
This was a send-off for not just a great fighter, but a great Mancunian, who brought so many people here on his journey to becoming a legend.
Following the service, the funeral procession made its way to the Etihad Stadium, the home of Hatton’s beloved Manchester City football club.
It was met by crowds applauding and singing.
Image: Nigel Benn. Pic: PA
Image: Tyson Fury. Pic: PA
Image: Former boxer Amir Khan. Pic: PA
‘I was in awe of him’
Tributes poured in across the world of sport and beyond after Hatton’s death aged 46 at his home in Hyde, Greater Manchester, on 14 September.
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Tony Bellew: Ricky Hatton ‘was the standard’
The former world champion – nicknamed “The Hitman” – had only announced in July that he planned to come out of retirement in December for his first professional fight in 13 years.
Speaking to Sky News outside the church, former boxer Tony Bellew said he “was in awe” of Hatton when he first watched him training.
Image: The funeral procession at the Etihad Stadium. Pic: PA
“I’ve watched thousands of fighters train over the years, hundreds of thousands. And after watching him… I was in awe of him. He was the standard – everything he did,” he said.
“There are thousands that have turned out today, not hundreds. That speaks volumes.”
A man who stabbed a 16-year-old Syrian refugee in the neck after he brushed past his girlfriend has been jailed for life with a minimum of 23 years.
Alfie Franco, 20, was convicted on Thursday of murdering Ahmad Al Ibrahim on a busy shopping street in Huddersfield earlier this year.
Ahmad, who fled war-torn Homs as an unaccompanied child refugee after being injured in a bombing, had only been living in the West Yorkshire town for a couple of weeks.
Image: Ahmad Al Ibrahim, 16, was stabbed to death. Pic: PA/West Yorkshire Police
Jurors at Leeds Crown Court heard that on 3 April, Ahmad, whose parents said he had dreamed of being a doctor, was walking around the town with a friend – while Franco was going to buy eyelash glue with his girlfriend after a Jobcentre appointment.
When they crossed paths, prosecutors said Franco took “some petty exception” to Ahmad “innocuously” walking past his girlfriend.
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CCTV shows moments before man stabs refugee
CCTV footage showed Franco saying something to Ahmad, before calling him over after a short verbal altercation.
As Ahmad walked over, Franco opened the blade on a flick knife he was carrying and drove it into the teenager’s neck.
The court heard Franco had used cannabis before the encounter.
Later tests also revealed he had recently used cocaine, diazepam, ketamine and codeine.
During the trial, Franco told the court he thought he had seen Ahmad reaching for a weapon in his waistband during the altercation and said he had only been aiming for the boy’s cheek, and wanted to “cut him and get away”.
‘You were under no threat whatsoever’
Handing sentence, Judge Howard Crowson said Franco’s claims of being in fear of Ahmad were “incredible” – as CCTV footage showed him calmly eating ice cream while preparing to stab the teenager.
He told Franco: “During this trial you tried to portray Ahmad as aggressive and threatening. The CCTV reveals you were under no threat whatsoever.
“Ahmad was unarmed as he walked peacefully about Huddersfield town centre that day.”
He then said Franco’s claim to have seen a weapon on Ahmad’s waistband was “a lie,” and added: “Before Ahmad made any movement towards you, you prepared your knife for use.
“You calmly and surreptitiously removed the knife from your waistband, opened it and concealed it in your pocket.”
The judge said he was satisfied that Franco intended to kill Ahmad and that he had “lured” the boy to within striking distance before lunging at him with the knife, deliberately aiming for his neck.
Prosecutor Richard Wright KC said during the trial that “to plunge that knife into someone’s neck who has done no more than walk towards you after you’ve engaged them in some verbal argy-bargy in the street… that’s not reasonable self-defence”.
He added: “This is a case of a young man with a cocky swagger, wandering around town with his girlfriend, on drugs, who doesn’t like the fact that Ahmad has spoken back to him.”
In a victim impact statement read in court, Ahmad’s uncle, Ghazwan Al Ibrahim, said the boy was “an intelligent and outstanding student” whose dream was to become a doctor.
He said his nephew had a “sociable and ambitious personality, loved helping people and was passionate about life”.
Mr Al Ibrahim added that Ahmad spent three months travelling to the UK and initially lived in a Home Office hotel in Swansea with other people his own age before being moved to Huddersfield to be near his uncle.
An Afghan migrant has been found guilty of threatening to kill Nigel Farage in a TikTok post.
Fayaz Khan, 26, chose not to give evidence in his trial, in which he was accused of threatening the Reform UK leader between 12 and 15 October last year in a video on the social media platform.
Jurors deliberated for 11 hours and 55 minutes before finding him guilty at Southwark Crown Court.
They had been told Khan had a “very large presence online”, with his TikTok videos amassing hundreds of thousands of views as he showed himself attempting to come to the UK by small boat last autumn.
The Afghan national, who has an AK-47 tattoo on his right cheek and arm, live-streamed his journey across the English Channel from France in a small boat and was arrested on 31 October after arriving in the UK.
He had been living in Stockholm, Sweden, since 2019.
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Image: Fayaz Khan posted a TikTok video of him appearing to threaten to kill Nigel Farage. Pic: PA
Jurors were told that on 12 October last year, Mr Farage uploaded a YouTube video titled “The journey of an illegal migrant”, which highlighted Khan and referenced “young males of fighting age coming into our country about whom we know very little”.
Khan responded with a video two days later in which he appeared to say: “Englishman Nigel, don’t talk s**t about me.
“You not know me. I come to England because I want to marry with your sister. You not know me.
“Don’t talk about me more. Delete the video.
“I’m coming to England. I’m going to pop, pop, pop.”
He made gun gestures with his hand and headbutted the camera during the video, while pointing to the AK-47 tattoo on his face to “emphasise he wasn’t joking”, Mr Ratliff said.
Mr Farage, who was at court for the trial, said the video was “pretty chilling”.
“Given his proximity to guns and love of guns, I was genuinely worried,” he said.
“He says he’s coming to England and he’s going to shoot me.”
A subsequent TikTok post by Khan read: “I mean what I say” on an image of a GB News report about the threat against Mr Farage.
Image: Nigel Farage outside Southwark Crown Court. Pic: PA
Other videos Khan posted on social media were shown to the jury in which he appeared to make “pop, pop, pop” noises and similar gun hand gestures.
After his arrest, Khan told police in November last year: “It was just a video, it was never an intention to threaten him.
“It was never my intention to kill him or anything – this is my character, this is how I act in my videos.
“In every video I make those sounds, I say ‘pop, pop pop’.”
Prosecutor Peter Ratliff said the threat to kill was “not some off-the-cuff comment” and the video was “sinister and menacing”.
He said Khan, who denied the charge, was a “dangerous man with an interest in firearms” and who had an AK-47 tattooed on his arm and face.
Defence lawyer Charles Royle said Khan was “remonstrating in his own idiosyncratic, moronic, comedic, eye-catching, attention-seeking way” rather than making a threat to kill in the TikTok video.
He told jurors the trial was “not about your views on illegal immigration, nor about your views on face tattoos, Brexit or Reform”.
Discussing Khan’s decision not to give evidence, Mr Royle said: “You shouldn’t hold any silence against him.”