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Michael Vera walked into a bedroom of a residential drug treatment program in Los Angeles in March to find its occupant slumped over on his bed and struggling to breathe, a homemade straw on the floor beside him and tinfoil with what appeared to be drug residue under his body.

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The 35-year-old overdose victim had been out of custody less than 48 hours, in the midst of a frequently fatal danger zone: Individuals newly released from prison are 40 times as likely to die of opioid overdoses as members of the general population, researchers say.

But he was one of the lucky ones, because Vera was among tens of thousands of California inmates to receive training in overdose prevention and resuscitation when he was released from state prison in 2020. He was given two doses of Narcan to take with him, part of California prisons attempt to arm every departing inmate with overdose-reversal medication.

Vera and his roommate quickly summoned staff members. Paramedics administered two jolts of Narcan, a brand-name version of the drug naloxone. That stabilized the patient enough to get him to a hospital, where he soon recovered. Email Sign-Up

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More than 80% of inmates released in California between April 2020 and June 2022 departed with antidote kits and the training that goes with them, according to a January study by corrections officials. Acceptance has continued to grow, with 95% of departing inmates accepting Narcan in July 2022, the most recent month with data.

Now corrections officials are trying to determine whether the kits actually save lives by examining overdose rates among formerly incarcerated people. They are still gathering data and have no timeline for results, though their report calls the evaluation effort “a critical priority.” Officials are also looking at whether the program can help address health inequity issues, since overdose death rates are higher in lower-income areas, where parolees often live, and occur disproportionately among racial minorities and people with disabilities.

At the same time, California Gov. Gavin Newsom, a Democrat, is looking to cut the cost and boost the supply of opioid antidotes by having the state produce them itself. Currently, federal grants and legal settlements with opioid vendors fund most of the Narcan for departing inmates, but officials said the state did have to buy 1,180 kits for $62.40 each. In 2020, California began offering kits containing two doses of Narcan and information on how to use it to every departing prison inmate. Education and Narcan is key. Its not a perfect solution, but its a damn good one, said Mark Malone, director of administration at Fred Brown Recovery Services. (Alessandra Bergamin / KFF Health News) Narcan, a common form of the antidote naloxone, is kept in the kitchen first-aid kit at Fred Brown Recovery Services. At the instruction of a 911 operator, staff rushed to retrieve Narcan from the box amid a potentially fatal overdose. (Alessandra Bergamin / KFF Health News)

This is an extremely serious problem, said Lynn Wenger of the nonprofit research institute RTI International. As people leave jail and prison, their tolerance for opioids is very low and the stress of release is high.

Wenger is the lead author of a 2019 study of a naloxone distribution program at the San Francisco County Jail, where over a four-year period nearly one-third of inmates who were equipped with the drug upon release reported reversing an overdose.

California officials estimate that some two-thirds of inmates in the state have a substance abuse problem, fed by smuggled contraband. That statistic tracks with national estimates. A new program to administer anti-craving medications like methadone to incarcerated drug users has brought inmate overdose deaths down substantially over the past several years.

But parolee overdoses remain a huge problem.

The California report, quoting various studies, says people just released from incarceration are 40 times as likely to die of opioid overdoses as members of the general population, though estimates vary. Massachusetts put the death toll at 120 times as high, while a study using Washington state prison data put the risk at 12.7 times as high in the first two weeks. Research in Georgia, Maryland, Michigan, New Mexico, North Carolina, and Cook County (Chicago) all found significant connections.

Globally, overdoses are the top cause of death among people recently released from custody.

Its just so scary whats going on here, and were seeing it, said Mark Malone, director of administration at Fred Brown Recovery Services, a 40-year-old nonprofit in the Los Angeles neighborhood of San Pedro. Thats where Vera was getting addiction treatment when he helped save the overdose victim. With quick thinking, roommates Michael Vera and Agustin Pargas intervened amid a potentially fatal overdose. “It made me feel good to be able to save somebody, Vera said. He has a second chance now.” (Alessandra Bergamin / KFF Health News)

Research shows that formerly incarcerated drug users are especially vulnerable because their tolerance for opioids fades while they are behind bars and their social networks and medical care are disrupted, often including any substance abuse treatment they were receiving in prison. And if they use drugs once released, they often do so in solitude, where they are less likely to be found quickly if they overdose.

California offers departing inmates a kit containing two doses of Narcan, along with instructions on how to recognize and prevent overdoses, perform CPR, and administer the antidote.

Demian Johnson, who spent 35 years in prison for a second-degree murder he committed when he was 18 before being paroled in 2018, now helps formerly incarcerated people and others with substance abuse problems at Five Keys Schools and Programs, a San Francisco Bay Area nonprofit. He says two of his friends died soon after they were released from years of incarceration.

“It’s not hard for me to figure out why so many are succumbing to these really, really potent drugs, said Johnson, noting that what inmates obtain in prison is likely to be much less pure than what they would find outside.

One of Johnsons buddies died alone of fentanyl within a year of leaving prison.

He had nobody to save him, to bring him back or to issue him some Narcan, Johnson said. When Michael Vera was released from prison in 2020, he was shown a training video and given two doses of Narcan to take with him. (Alessandra Bergamin/KFF Health News) (Alessandra Bergamin / KFF Health News) At Fred Brown Recovery Services, a residential drug treatment program in San Pedro, California, Narcan is available in emergency boxes throughout the house. Because of increased overdoses in the last year, the treatment program has increased training and availability of Narcan. (Alessandra Bergamin / KFF Health News)

Wenger says the California program is likely having benefits beyond helping those recently paroled: They can use the Narcan to save others, too.

They are often released to neighborhoods where they are likely to encounter someone who is experiencing an opioid overdose & will have the tools to reverse an overdose, she said in an email.

That was the case with Vera, who said he was particularly glad to be able to help someone because he lost a 21-year-old niece and 24-year-old nephew to overdoses around the time he was released.

Vera said the paramedics told him they were just in time. “If we wouldn’t have found him, they don’t know what his outcome would have been but it would have been bad,” Vera said. He has a second chance now.”

This aticle was produced by KFF Health News, which publishes California Healthline, an editorially independent service of the California Health Care Foundation. Related Topics California Pharmaceuticals California Legislature Georgia Illinois Legislation Maryland Massachusetts Michigan New Mexico North Carolina Prescription Drugs Prison Health Care Contact Us Submit a Story Tip

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‘That’s just Ovi’: How a true original set a goal-scoring record

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'That's just Ovi': How a true original set a goal-scoring record

NEW YORK — After Alex Ovechkin scored his NHL record-breaking 895th goal — in vintage Ovechkin fashion, from his “office,” on an old-school wrist shot — he skated to center ice and belly flopped.

The celebration, the Washington Capitals captain said, was unplanned.

“Ice was bad today,” he explained. “I fell.”

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After the iconic moment, Ovechkin’s teammates swarmed him. The late-season game between the Capitals and New York Islanders paused for 25 minutes for an on-ice ceremony. Wayne Gretzky, the legend whom Ovechkin passed, made his way down; the Hall of Famer graciously followed the 39-year-old from one arena to the next as he closed in on his record, fulfilling a promise to be the first person to shake Ovechkin’s hand afterward — just as Gordie Howe, the previous record holder, had done for Gretzky in 1994.

As the league set up carpet on the ice, Ovechkin was focused on hugging each of his teammates. Ovechkin then fixated on finding his family, including his mother, wife and their two young sons. “Without them, it’s basically, I don’t know if I can reach this milestone,” he said.

All the while, a video tribute played on the videoboard at UBS Arena on Long Island.

Those congratulating Ovechkin included a who’s who of sports GOATs: Roger Federer, Michael Jordan, LeBron James, Sidney Crosby, Derek Jeter, Simone Biles, Michael Phelps and Katie Ledecky.

“To be honest with you, I didn’t see it,” Ovechkin said. “But the boys told me that lots of great people, great athletes support me and congratulate me. It’s huge.”

As teammate Tom Wilson said earlier in the week, the attention on Ovechkin was unparalleled for their sport. “To try to think about what he’s going through, the pressure, the entire game of hockey is on his shoulders right now. It’s bigger than hockey,” Wilson said. “And for him to handle that, to perform, to lead the top team in the league and still be such a fun teammate, it’s really remarkable.”

It’s what makes Ovechkin, the NHL’s new all-time leader in goals, a true original — and perhaps the last man who will ever hold the title.

“They say records were meant to be broken,” Gretzky told the crowd. “But I’m not sure who’s going to get more goals than that.”


WHEN GRETZKY ECLIPSED Howe’s mark 31 years ago, many around the sport believed that was it. Nobody would surpass The Great One, whose stat line was so outlandish over a 1,487-game career, that you could take away his final goal total (894) and he’d still be the league’s all-time leader in points.

Gretzky, over the years, was known to say he was sure “somebody, somewhere will come along and break it.” But few people believed it, especially as the game evolved. The average goals per NHL game during Gretzky’s career was 6.93. Since Ovechkin’s rookie season, the average is 5.72. But something was always different about Ovechkin, who was a surefire talent when the Capitals selected him No. 1 in 2004. Ovechkin scored two goals in his first NHL game and finished with 52 in his rookie season.

The “Alex Ovechkin Effect” in Washington, D.C., is undeniable. Since Ovechkin’s rookie season (2005-06), hockey players in the Potomac Valley region have increased by 71%, according to USA Hockey statistics. To help meet the growing demand for access, the Caps have helped build or refurbish 14 outdoor inline rinks. Ovechkin used his platform for charity; in March he pledged a dollar amount equal to his career goal total to pediatric cancer for every goal he scored for the rest of his career.

His reach expands well past Caps fandom. Utah Hockey Club center Logan Cooley, who was born in Pittsburgh a year before Crosby’s and Ovechkin’s debut seasons, cites Ovechkin as his favorite player growing up. Canadiens winger Patrik Laine grew up in Finland idolizing the Russian winger. Even Minnesota Wild defenseman Brock Faber admits he owned Ovechkin jerseys growing up.

“Ever since I was a young kid playing hockey,” Maple Leafs captain Auston Matthews said, “he was always one of my favorite players to watch.”

Perhaps the most remarkable part of Ovechkin closing in on the record was how players around the league universally cheered for him. After nearly every game this season, players have asked Ovechkin for a stick swap. Ovechkin obliges, in large part because he is a collector himself; it’s believed he hopes to open a sports museum in Russia post-retirement. Ovechkin recently exchanged sticks with Sharks rookie Macklin Celebrini, who signed his stick for Ovechkin with the message: “Thanks for being a role model.”

Crosby has long been pitted as Ovechkin’s biggest rival; neither has won a Stanley Cup without eliminating the other. But the Penguins’ captain gets emotional when talking about Ovechkin.

“That was a record probably everybody thought wouldn’t be touched,” Crosby said. “It’s awesome for the game of hockey, and I’m loving the fact that I’m playing at this time and get to see it firsthand.”


OVECHKIN WAS OFF to a torrid start this season, in which the Capitals surprisingly emerged as the top team in the league after successfully undergoing a retool on the fly. He scored 15 goals through his first 18 games before things came to a screeching halt just before Thanksgiving. The Capitals’ captain had already scored twice against Utah in a Nov. 18 road game when Utah’s Jack McBain cut through Washington’s zone and got tangled with Ovechkin, who immediately fell to the ice.

The result: a broken left fibula. It was the first time in Ovechkin’s 20-year career that he broke a bone.

“When that happened,” goaltender Charlie Lindgren said, “everyone was kind of thinking to themselves whether or not it was going to be possible.”

But Ovechkin is built differently. As he famously declared after avoiding injury from an errant puck in 2006: “I’m OK, Russian machine never breaks.”

Within two days of the injury, Ovechkin rid himself of the walking boot. (The fibula doesn’t take on a substantial weight-bearing load.) Soon after, he was skating. Ovechkin remained around the team, getting electric stimulation to help with blood flow, and just had to wait it out until the bone healed enough to sustain contact.

Ovechkin returned just after Christmas, scoring in each of his first two games back, naturally.

Ovechkin’s unorthodox habits — in an age when many elite athletes view their body as a temple — have become legendary. Before arriving at the team plane for a road trip, Ovechkin always stops at the same Subway where he orders a spicy Italian footlong and Flaming Hot Cheetos. When the Capitals arrive at road arenas, there’s a request that the No. 8 water bottles on the bench be filled with Coke or Pepsi, whichever the arena has a deal with. His home pregame meal is a heavy one: a chicken parm and pasta Alfredo combination from a local joint, Mamma Lucia’s.

Ovechkin won’t be the first or last player in the gym, and he’s judicious about how much time he spends on the ice.

“At this point in his career, he knows exactly what he needs to do to get himself ready,” said his locker mate, Nic Dowd, who explained the two keep opposite hours. “A lot of it is mental. And it’s hard to argue against the results.”


ANYONE WHO FOLLOWS the NHL has been keenly aware of Ovechkin’s chase for Gretzky’s record. What many fans don’t know: the details that allow Ovechkin to thrive.

He’s a gear nerd. It’s not a secret that Ovechkin is an equipment free agent right now. Most players have deals with CCM, Bauer, Sherwood or True hockey. Last season, Ovechkin toyed with a few different sticks until he found a custom model around All-Star Weekend. Since switching to the new stick — which is wrapped in black, with no logos — Ovechkin has scored 64 goals in 96 games.

Capitals coach Spencer Carbery has made an intentional effort to put Ovechkin in better positions to thrive. Ovechkin’s ice time was reduced to under 18 minutes per game this season for the first time in his career. He cut his 4-on-4 play, has sometimes swapped him from left to right wing, and gives him more shifts in the offensive zone.

“It’s about quality shifts, not quantity,” Carbery said. “And with O, if you present him the information, if you explain here’s why we’re doing this and here’s how it will help you and the team, he always buys in. That’s never an issue.”

The one nonnegotiable: Ovechkin isn’t missing any ice time during the two minutes the Caps are on the power play. Ovechkin has been on the ice for 97.3% of the Caps’ power-play time this season. Only four other players are in the 80% range or higher: Nikita Kucherov, Nathan MacKinnon, Leon Draisaitl and Quinn Hughes.

Ovechkin is not resented in the locker room because he is emphatic about being a good teammate.

“It really feels like he gets more excited, or just as excited for our goals than his goals,” said Dylan Strome, who assisted on No. 895. “He’s always keeping the mood light, with all of his pregame routines, handshakes with guys in the tunnel, screaming in the locker room. He’s very consistent like that.”

When rookie Aliaksei Protas was first called up, he needed to return to the farm club in Hershey, Pennsylvania, to retrieve some personal items on an off day. And he needed to borrow one of his teammates’ cars.

“The big man come up to me, and first he is mad because I asked [Evgeny Kuznetsov], and he said, ‘Why didn’t [you] come to me straight?'” Protas recalled.

Ovechkin loaned Protas his car. “He told me to keep it for a few months,” Protas said.

Washington signed its top prospect, Ryan Leonard, on March 31, the day before the Caps played in Boston. Ovechkin texted Leonard, the Boston College star who was already in town, and invited him to a sushi dinner that night with a few teammates. Afterward, Leonard told Ovechkin a few of his buddies would love to meet him, and they knew just the spot. So the night before Ovechkin scored No. 891, he was drinking a beer at Circle Tavern, a bar near the BC campus.

“Everywhere we go lately, it’s been rock-star stuff the second he walks into a room, people grab their phones,” Wilson said. “And he doesn’t get fazed by it at all. He’ll go out walking in a Canadian city, doesn’t care who recognizes him. Will stop for fans. Most guys aren’t like that. But that’s just Ovi.”


ON THE DAY Ovechkin tied Gretzky’s record, there was an aura surrounding him. He was smiling and laughing as he came off the ice. He was most excited to see his former Stanley Cup-winning teammates, such as Nicklas Backstrom, T.J. Oshie and Braden Holtby, who were being honored later that night as part of the Capitals’ 50th anniversary celebration.

Backstrom and Ovechkin have always been instinctively linked, with the Swedish center assisting on more of his goals (279) than any other player. Backstrom (hip) and Oshie (back) have not had the same injury luck as Ovechkin. Both are still under contract but sidelined on long-term injured reserve, probably for the remainder of their careers. Ovechkin acknowledged both players in his on-ice speech.

“There’s not many instances where someone has openly, in one instance or another, kind of thanked me in front of the world,” Oshie said. “So in that moment, I kind of assumed and knew that ‘Backy’ was going to get a shoutout. They go hand in hand and their bond is like no other of two teammates that I’ve seen. But for him to call my name in that moment was incredibly special and, honestly, very emotional for me inside to have him mention and give me a little shoutout during the biggest accomplishment that the world of hockey has seen in a very long time.”

Now, everyone wonders whether there could be another moment like this. As for Ovechkin’s personal goals, he has been very coy. Though he once famously told ESPN’s Linda Cohn he’d retire as soon as he broke Gretzky’s record, that’s not a foregone conclusion. Ovechkin is under contract for one more season for $9.5 million. He’d love to win another Stanley Cup, and this Washington team has proved capable.

The next question is: Will anyone come for Ovi’s record? Should Ovechkin play next season then retire, ESPN Research projects he will finish with 937 career goals. At his current goals pace (0.64 per game), it would take Matthews 848 games to surpass it; that puts him 11 seasons away. For Draisaitl (0.51), the projection is 1,066 games (13 seasons). David Pastrnak (0.52) and Connor McDavid (0.51) are each projected to get there in 14 seasons.

Perhaps, they — or someone else — will get there one day. But for the foreseeable future, that record belongs to Ovechkin.

“This is something crazy. I’m probably going to need a couple more days. Maybe a couple weeks to realize what it means to be No. 1,” Ovechkin said Sunday. “All I can say, I’m very proud. I’m very proud for myself. I’m really proud for my family, for all my teammates, that helped me to reach that milestone, and for all my coaches. It’s huge. It’s an unbelievable moment.”

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Business

How market turmoil has affected mortgages, savings, holidays and fuel

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How market turmoil has affected mortgages, savings, holidays and fuel

Global financial markets have been on a rollercoaster ride over the past few days, but now, with President Donald Trump having paused his “retaliatory” tariffs, the situation should stabilise.

Here, we outline how the pound in your pocket has been affected.

Stock markets, bonds and currencies moved sharply after Mr Trump put a 90-day pause on tariffs other than the base 10% tax slapped on almost all imports to the US. China still faces a levy of 125% on the goods it exports to the US.

But there have still been some impactful changes since his so-called “liberation day” tariff announcement last week.

So, what’s happened?

Well, last week two more interest rate cuts were expected by the end of this year, but now traders are pricing in three cuts by the Bank of England.

Borrowing will become cheaper as the interest rate is now anticipated to be brought down more than previously thought, to 3.75% by the end of 2025 from the current 4.5%.

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It’s not exactly for a good reason, though. The trade war means the UK economy is forecast to grow less.

This lower growth is what’s making observers think the Bank will cut rates sooner – making borrowing cheaper can lead to more spending. Increased spending can stimulate economic growth.

What does this all mean for you?

Some debts, like credit card bills, will become a bit cheaper.

Mortgages

Crucially for anyone soon to re-fix their rate, this means mortgage costs are falling.

Already, the typical two and five-year fixed rate deals are coming down, according to data from financial information company Moneyfacts.

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Trump’s tariffs: What you need to know

After weeks where the average rate would fall only once or twice, there have been larger and daily falls, the data shows.

As of Thursday, the typical rate for a five-year deal is 5.14%, and 5.29% for the average two-year fixed mortgage.

If the interest rate expectations remain, by the end of the year, the average two-year fixed mortgage rate will fall to 4.3% if a person is borrowing 75% of the property’s value, according to analysts at Pantheon Macroeconomics.

Filling up your car

Another positive that’s motivated by a negative is the reduced fuel cost to the motorist of filling up their vehicle.

The oil price fell due to rising fears of a recession in the world’s biggest economy. Now that those concerns have somewhat subsided, the oil price has remained comparatively low at $63.75 for a barrel of the benchmark Brent crude.

It’s far below the average price of $80 from last year.

This lower cost is likely to filter down to cheaper prices at the pump within days as the sharp oil price drops hit at the end of last week.

Lower oil costs could help bring down costs overall, lowering inflation, as oil is still used in many parts of the supply chain.

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Savings

Lower interest rates mean falling savings rates, so savers can expect to get less of a return in the coming months.

Anyone with a stocks and shares ISA (Individual Savings Account) is likely to get a shock when they see the decline in their returns.

A display shows the sharp rising of the Nikkei average stock price on the rebound in Chuo Ward, Tokyo on April 10, 2025. U.S. President Donald Trump announced that it would suspend the "reciprocal tariffs" imposed on the 9th for 90 days, causing a sharp rebound after the previous day's sharp drop. ( The Yomiuri Shimbun via AP Images )
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A display shows the sharp rise of the Nikkei stock index in Tokyo. Pic: AP

Holidays

It’s not the best time to be heading off on a trip to a country that uses the euro. The pound hasn’t strayed far from buying €1.16, a low last seen in August.

It means your pound doesn’t go as far, as you’re getting less euro.

Against the dollar, however, sterling has risen to $1.29.

The exchange rate had been higher in the immediate wake of Mr Trump’s tariff announcement as the dollar value sank. At that point, you could briefly have bought $1.32 for a pound.

Supermarket shopping

Helpfully, the UK’s biggest and most popular UK supermarket, Tesco, updated us that it expects tariffs will have a “relatively small impact”.

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How Trump changed his mind on tariffs

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How Trump changed his mind on tariffs

“Liberation Day” just gave way to Capitulation Day.

US President Donald Trump pulled back on Wednesday on a series of harsh tariffs targeting friends and foes alike in an audacious bid to remake the global economic order.

Mr Trump’s early afternoon announcement followed a harrowing week in which Republican lawmakers and confidants privately warned him that the tariffs could wreck the economy.

His own aides had quietly raised alarms about the financial markets before he suspended a tariff regime that he had unveiled with a flourish just one week earlier in a Rose Garden ceremony.

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The stock market rose immediately after the about-face, ending days of losses that have forced older Americans who’ve been sinking their savings into 401(k)s to rethink their retirement plans.

Ahead of Mr Trump’s announcement, some of his advisers had been in a near panic about the bond markets, a senior administration official told Sky News’ US partner network NBC News.

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Interest rates on 10-year Treasury bonds had been rising, contrary to what normally happens when stock prices fall and investors seek safety in treasuries.

The unusual dynamic meant that at the same time the tariffs could push up prices, people would be paying more to buy homes or pay off credit card debt because of higher interest rates. Businesses looking to expand would pay more for new loans.

Two of Mr Trump’s most senior advisers, Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent and Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick, presented a united front on Wednesday, urging him to suspend the tariffs in light of the bond market, the administration official said.

In a social media post, Mr Trump announced a 90-day pause that he said he’ll use to negotiate deals with dozens of countries that have expressed openness to revising trade terms that he contends exploit American businesses and workers.

One exception is China. Mr Trump upped the tariff on the country’s biggest geopolitical rival to 125%, part of a tit-for-tat escalation in an evolving trade war.

Mr Trump reversed course one week after he appeared in the Rose Garden and unveiled his plan to bring jobs back to the United States. Displaying a chart showing the new, elevated tariffs that countries would face, Mr Trump proclaimed: “My fellow Americans, this is Liberation Day.”

It proved short-lived. Markets plunged in anticipation of heightened trade wars, wiping out trillions of dollars in wealth.

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What do Americans think of President Trump’s tariffs? Sky’s Mark Stone travelled to two states where they’ll have a major impact

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Democrats seized on the issue, looking to undercut a source of Mr Trump’s popular appeal: the view that he can be trusted to steer the nation’s economy.

“Donald Trump’s market crash has vaporised a whopping $104,000 from the average retirement account,” Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, said on Wednesday on the Senate floor, hours before the president’s reversal.

The episode laid bare the rifts within Mr Trump’s team of senior advisers as the White House struggled to offer a clear, consistent argument about the duration of the tariffs.

While Mr Bessent seemed open to negotiations, Peter Navarro, a senior trade adviser, appeared to take a more hard-line posture.

Elon Musk, the billionaire Tesla chief executive who has been advising Mr Trump on the government workforce, called Navarro “dumber than a sack of bricks,” while Mr Navarro described Mr Musk as someone who is merely “a car assembler, in many cases”.

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What’s the spat between Elon Musk and Peter Navarro about?

But the weeklong drama also underscored the peril of a policymaking process that is often tied to the wishes and vagaries of one man: Donald Trump.

Asked about the dust-up between Mr Musk and Mr Navarro, Republican Senator Lindsey Graham, a golf partner of Mr Trump’s, said: “I don’t think it matters. The only one who matters is Trump.”

Markets tend to favour predictability, as do business leaders deciding where to build new plants. When Mr Trump sets a course, however, there are bound to be detours.

A friend of his who spoke to him in recent days said Mr Trump gave no sign he was about to “back down quickly on this stuff”.

Mr Trump believes other countries trade unfairly and sees tariffs as a tool to make the United States more competitive, the person said.

“He’s very confident it’s going to work for him,” the person added, speaking on condition of anonymity.

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And yet in the run-up to Wednesday’s announcement, Mr Trump and his aides were also hearing from GOP lawmakers and outside allies urging an alternative path.

One was Larry Kudlow, who hosts a show on Fox Business Network and was a senior economic adviser in Mr Trump’s first term.

Mr Kudlow told NBC News that he has had “ongoing” talks with friends in the West Wing about the need to negotiate with other countries before the United States slaps them with tariffs that stand in perpetuity.

Describing Mr Trump’s move Wednesday as “fabulous,” Mr Kudlow added: “Dealmaking is the best thing to do. In the last 48 hours, Trump has gone from non-negotiating to negotiating.

“It’s very clear that Bessent is now the point man on trade. Very clear.”

Anxious GOP lawmakers also weighed in.

Mr Graham said he spoke to Mr Trump at length on Tuesday night and told him he had been hearing from car manufacturers who are worried about how the tariffs would affect their business. BMW operates a plant in Mr Graham’s home state and is one of the companies he said he had spoken to.

Senator John Kennedy, a Republican lawmaker who was also in touch with the administration, said on Tuesday that he planned to have lunch with Mr Bessent. On Wednesday, he told NBC News he was also talking to the White House.

Mr Kennedy likened Mr Trump to the “pit bull who caught the car”. Now, he said, the question becomes: “What are you going to do with the car?”

After more market losses this week, and with pressure mounting from Republicans on Capitol Hill, Mr Trump began having second thoughts.

In his first term, he often viewed the ups and downs of the stock market as a kind of report card on his presidency, celebrating its rise. The downturn had got his attention.

“People were getting a little queasy,” he acknowledged Wednesday on an event with NASCAR racing champions.

“Over the last few days” he began to more seriously consider pausing the additional tariffs, he told reporters later in the day in an Oval Office appearance.

One prospect that intrigued him was personally negotiating new trade deals with the countries looking to get out from under the tariffs, the senior administration official said.

He’d made up his mind. Sitting with Mr Bessent and Mr Lutnick, he crafted the note announcing the 90-day postponement and ending, for the time being, the biggest economic crisis of his young presidency.

“We wrote it from our hearts, right?” Mr Trump said. “It was written as something that I think was very positive for the world and for us, and we don’t want to hurt countries that don’t need to be hurt, and they all want to negotiate.”

The day closed with the Dow Jones Industrial Average up nearly 8%, erasing some – but not all – of the “post-Liberation Day” losses.

Messy as it all may have seemed, his administration insisted that all is unfolding as planned.

“You have been watching the greatest economic master strategy from an American president in history,” White House deputy chief of staff Stephen Miller posted on Wednesday afternoon.

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