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Large artificial intelligence models will only get “crazier and crazier” unless more is done to control what information they are trained on, according to the founder of one of the UK’s leading AI start-ups.

Emad Mostaque, CEO of Stability AI, argues continuing to train large language models like OpenAI’s GPT4 and Google’s LaMDA on what is effectively the entire internet, is making them too unpredictable and potentially dangerous.

“The labs themselves say this could pose an existential threat to humanity,” said Mr Mostaque.

On Tuesday the head of OpenAI, Sam Altman, told the United States Congress that the technology could “go quite wrong” and called for regulation.

Today Sir Antony Seldon, headteacher of Epsom College, told Sky News’s Sophy Ridge on Sunday that AI could be could be “invidious and dangerous”.

"Painting of Edinburgh Castle" generated by artificial intelligence tool Stable Diffusion that converts text to images
Image:
‘Painting of Edinburgh Castle’ generated by artificial intelligence tool Stable Diffusion, whose founder warns not all internet users will be able to distinguish between real and AI images. Pic: Stable Diffusion
An image of "print of fruits in green and orange" generated by artificial intelligence tool Stable Diffusion, which converts text to image. Pic: Stable Diffusion
Image:
An image of ‘print of fruits in green and orange’ generated by artificial intelligence tool Stable Diffusion, which converts text to images. Pic: Stable Diffusion

“When the people making [the models] say that, we should probably have an open discussion about that,” added Mr Mostaque.

But AI developers like Stability AI may have no choice in having such a discussion. Much of the data used to train their powerful text-to-image AI products was also “scraped” from the internet.

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That includes millions of copyright images that led to legal action against the company – as well as big questions about who ultimately “owns” the products that image- or text-generating AI systems create.

His firm collaborated on the development of Stable Diffusion, one of the leading text-to-image AIs. Stability AI has just launched a new model called Deep Floyd that it claims is the most advanced image-generating AI yet.

An image of a "fuzzy cute owl drinking very dark beer in the bar in a photorealistic style" created by AI. Pic: DeepFloyd
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A ‘photo of a fuzzy cute owl drinking very dark beer’ created by AI. Pic: DeepFloyd
"A playful furry fox working as a pilot in a photorealistic style" created by artificial intelligence that converts text to image. Pic: DeepFloyd
Image:
A photo-realistic style image of a ‘playful furry fox working as a pilot’ created by artificial intelligence. Pic: DeepFloyd

A necessary step in making the AI safe, explained Daria Bakshandaeva, senior researcher at Stability AI, was to remove illegal, violent and pornographic images from the training data.

If the AI sees harmful or explicit images during its training, it could recreate them in its output. To avoid this, the developers remove these images from the training data, so the AI cannot “imagine” how they would look.

But it still took two billion images from online sources to train it. Stability AI says it is actively working on new datasets to train AI models that respect people’s rights to their data.

Stability AI is being sued in the US by photo agency Getty Images for using 12 million of its images as part of the dataset used to train its model. Stability AI has responded that rules around “fair use” of the images means no copyright has been infringed.

But the concern isn’t just about copyright. Increasing amounts of data available on the web whether it’s pictures, text or computer code is being generated by AI.

“If you look at coding, 50% of all the code generated now is AI generated, which is an amazing shift in just over one year or 18 months,” said Mr Mostaque.

And text-generating AIs are creating increasing amounts of online content, even news reports.

Image of "England wins men's football world cup in 2026" generated by artificial intelligence tool Stable Diffusion, which converts text to image, shows that the tool does not always get it spot on. Pic: Stable Diffusion
Image:
Image of ‘England wins men’s football world cup in 2026’ generated by artificial intelligence tool Stable Diffusion, which converts text to image, shows that the tool does not always get it spot on. Pic: Stable Diffusion

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Sir Anthony Seldon highlights benefits and risks of AI

US company News Guard, which verifies online content, recently found 49 almost entirely AI generated “fake news” websites online being used to drive clicks to advertising content.

“We remain really concerned about an average internet users’ ability to find information and know that it is accurate information,” said Matt Skibinski, managing director at NewsGuard.

AIs risk polluting the web with content that’s deliberately misleading and harmful or just rubbish. It’s not that people haven’t been doing that for years, it’s just that now AI’s might end up being trained on data scraped from the web that other AIs have created.

All the more reason to think hard now about what data we use to train even more powerful AIs.

“Don’t feed them junk food,” said Mr Mostaque. “We can have better free range organic models right now. Otherwise, they’ll become crazier and crazier.”

A good place to start, he argues, is making AIs that are trained on data, whether it’s text or images or medical data, that is more specific to the users it’s being made for. Right now, most AIs are designed and trained in California.

“I think we need our own datasets or our own models to reflect the diversity of humanity,” said Mr Mostaque.

“I think that will be safer as well. I think they’ll be more aligned with human values than just having a very limited data set and a very limited set of experiences that are only available to the richest people in the world.”

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Family of man who committed murder after escaping from mental health unit say they were ‘failed’ by NHS trust

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Family of man who committed murder after escaping from mental health unit say they were 'failed' by NHS trust

The family of a man who committed murder during an escape from a secure mental health unit have told Sky News they were “failed” by the trust that was meant to be caring for him.

Joshua Carroll is currently waiting to be sentenced for the murder of Headley Thomas, known as Barry, after beating him to death in a park in Trafford, Manchester, in September 2022.

At the time of the attack, Joshua was in the care of Greater Manchester Mental Health Trust (GMMH). He was being treated as an inpatient at Park House, a unit which has now closed down.

Joshua’s mum and sister say he escaped from the unit 21 times – and they repeatedly complained to the trust and asked for help.

Headley Barry Thomas
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Headley Thomas, who was known as Barry

Leanne Carroll, Joshua’s sister, told Sky News: “The night it happened, Joshua had come to my house. And it was just a normal ‘oh Joshua has escaped from hospital again’. Nothing appeared any different.”

She says they didn’t find out about what had happened until Joshua was arrested weeks later – and “everything fell apart from there”.

Julie and Leanne Carroll
Image:
Julie and Leanne Carroll

“My heart broke,” said Joshua’s mum, Julie Carroll. “It’s just a horrible, horrible situation.”

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Joshua had been diagnosed with conditions including schizoaffective disorder, and had been in and out of inpatient care for around 15 years, his family said.

They showed me more than 20 pages of complaints and responses from GMMH about his repeated escapes, dating back eight years before the murder.

After Joshua’s fourth escape from Park House, his family asked for him to be moved to another unit, saying they were concerned about security.

This didn’t happen, with the trust citing capacity issues. His family complained once again about his escapes just five weeks before the murder, in August 2022.

“We are very, very angry and disappointed,” said Julie. “You think if your child is in hospital, and they are very poorly, that they are going to be looked after – they will be safe and they will be secure. But that wasn’t the case for Josh.”

Julie Carroll
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Julie Carroll says her “heart broke” after her son’s crime came to light

Although Joshua was convicted of murder, Leanne says his family hold GMMH partly responsible.

“If you had done your job properly – none of this would have happened,” she said. “Two families wouldn’t have been destroyed and so many hearts wouldn’t have been broken.”

Since 2022, GMMH has been served with several Section 29A warning notices by the Care Quality Commission. These are issued when the commission decides a service needs to make significant improvements, and there is a risk of harm.

In the case of GMMH, their concerns included “ward security systems not consistently keeping people safe”.

Dr John Mulligan is a clinical psychologist for GMMH, working in the community for the early intervention in psychosis service, and a representative for the union Unite.

Dr John Mulligan is
Image:
Dr John Mulligan

He and his colleagues have been going on strike repeatedly across the past seven months, saying they just don’t have the staffing levels they need to keep people safe.

“Thankfully, violent incidents among our service users are quite rare, they are much more likely to be the victims of violence and aggression,” he said. “But serious incidents are happening regularly. Far too regularly.

“It’s very upsetting for staff and for patients and families.”

Joshua Carroll mug shot Pic: Greater Manchester Police
Image:
Joshua Carroll . Pic: Greater Manchester Police

Salli Midgley, chief nurse at the Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust said: “On behalf of GMMH, we express our heartfelt condolences to Headley Thomas’s loved ones at this very sad time.

“Our thoughts and sympathies remain with everyone who has been affected by this most devastating incident. We are deeply sorry that it happened while Joshua Carroll was under our care.

“Under the trust’s new leadership, we have been working closely with NHS England, our commissioners and the CQC to create better, safer and well-led services for all.”

Notes the Carroll family have kept about their complaints
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The Carroll family asked for Joshua to be moved to a different unit after his escapes

She continued: “A huge amount of progress has already been made but we know we still have a lot to do to improve our services.

“As part of this work, we are currently carrying out an in-depth investigation into the care and treatment provided to Mr Carroll, and the circumstances leading to Mr Thomas’ death, the findings of which will be shared with NHS England.

“We are unable to comment further on this case whilst the investigation is ongoing.”

Barry Thomas’s family told Sky News mental health is a very serious issue – but they believe Joshua Carroll tried to “play down his actions”.

They said: “Let’s all remember that a life was taken. Our brother, father, and uncle. The evidence the police gathered was in plain sight for all to see.

“We, the family, would like to thank all the police involved for the work they have done, in bringing justice for Barry.”

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Hashem Abedi: Manchester bomb plotter moved back to Belmarsh prison after guards attacked in jail in Durham

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Hashem Abedi: Manchester bomb plotter moved back to Belmarsh prison after guards attacked in jail in Durham

The Manchester Arena bomb plotter Hashem Abedi has been moved back to Belmarsh prison after an alleged attack at HMP Frankland on Saturday.

Three prison officers at the high-security jail in County Durham were attacked with cooking oil before being stabbed with an improvised weapon.

Abedi has been transferred to Belmarsh prison in southeast London where he’d previously been found guilty of attacking a prison officer in 2020, along with two other convicted terrorists.

Belmarsh is considered the most high-security prison in the UK.

Abedi has been moved to the only available highly-controlled ‘suite’ cell in the country – a standalone self-contained unit monitored by a minimum of five people at any one time, and a prison dog.

There are only four such cells across England and Wales.

Abedi was convicted of assisting the Manchester terror plot, in which his brother Salman Abedi killed himself and 22 other people by detonating a bomb in a rucksack at an Ariana Grande concert in May 2017.

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Hashem Abedi was sentenced in 2020 to at least 55 years in prison after being found guilty of 22 counts of murder over the atrocity.

Salman Abedi killed 22 innocent people
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Salman Abedi before the concert attack. File pic: PA

Meanwhile, the government has said it will commission a review into the incident at HMP Frankland, after suspending access to cooking facilities in separation units, which is where the alleged attack took place.

Sky News understands the Prison Officers Association, after visiting staff who were on duty at the category A jail this week, have written to Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer calling for urgent action in order to protect prison staff in the high-security estate.

The union wants to see prison officers working there given stab-proof vests, access to tasers in certain situations, and not just a suspension of self cooking facilities in separation units but a full ban.

Separation units house the country’s most dangerous and violent criminals.

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Belmarsh prison
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Belmarsh prison in southeast London. File pic: PA

There have been a series of violent attacks across prisons in England and Wales, only days apart.

On Sunday, convicted killer John Mansfield was found dead at a category A prison, HMP Whitemoor, in Cambridgeshire. Police said they arrested a 44-year-old man on suspicion of murder.

Sky News also understands there was an incident on Tuesday lunchtime at HMP Lowdham Grange in Nottinghamshire.

A specialist ‘response group’ consisting of officers from outside the prison were deployed to bring the situation under control, along with a ‘hostage’ situation, while prisoners climbed on the roof and netting. The situation was brought under control within an hour.

Prisons minister Lord Timpson said it was “another sign of the problems we are facing in our prison with prisons that are overcrowded and violent”.

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More than 1,000 miles of roadworks lifted to allow ‘smooth’ Easter getaway

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More than 1,000 miles of roadworks lifted to allow 'smooth' Easter getaway

More than 1,000 miles of roadworks are set to be lifted in England to allow for millions of motorists to have a “smooth” journey over the Easter holidays.

Roadworks from 1,127 miles of motorways and major A roads will be removed by National Highways from 6am on Thursday, meaning 97.5% of its network will be free of traffic cones.

The roadworks will only be reintroduced after Easter Monday.

According to the AA, an estimated 19.1 million people in the UK will drive on Good Friday, along with 18.5 million hitting the road on Saturday and 18.2 million on Easter Sunday and Easter Monday respectively.

National Highways director of operational services, Andrew Butterfield, said: “We expect the roads to be busy with people looking to make the most of a long Easter weekend.

“That’s why we are making journeys easier by removing a huge number of roadworks.”

Despite that the RAC warned that drivers face a “hat-trick of hold-ups” on Thursday, Good Friday and Saturday as families try to get the most out of the end of the school holidays for many.

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‘Plan ahead’

Mr Butterfield urged motorists to “take time to plan ahead” as he said: “Two of the top three causes of breakdowns are tyre issues and empty fuel tanks.

“You can help prevent any breakdowns by following our advice: top up your fuel, oil and screen wash, plan your journey, check your tyres and prepare for all weather conditions.”

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Do not eat a whole Easter egg in one go, NHS doctor urges

Transport Secretary Heidi Alexander said: “Cutting journey times and saving drivers money every year is all part of our Plan for Change to raise living standards and put more money in people’s pockets.

“We are tackling the real problems that drivers face by lifting 1,127 miles of roadworks over Easter and cracking down on disruptive streetworks to make journeys to see loved ones as smooth as possible.”

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