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After being shot in the head in 1938 during the Spanish Civil War, a soldier began seeing the world backward and upside down. 

According to a new report of the historic case, published April 1 in the journal Neurologia, when doctors examined the 25-year-old Spanish soldier, known as Patient M, they found straightforward wounds where the bullet entered and exited his skull. These wounds didn’t require surgery.

However, it was when the soldier rose out of unconsciousness that things went askew.

Dr. Justo Gonzalo Rodríguez-Leal, a neurologist who served as a consulting physician at Godella Military Health Hospital in Valencia, Spain, originally documented Patient M’s odd case. He’d been examining patients with brain injuries to better understand the organ’s functional organization.

In his translated notes, Gonzalo wrote, “Upon recovering from this state, [Patient M] realized that he had almost lost his sight. [He said], ‘I was noticing something with my right eye, but nothing with my left.'” 

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Patient M also observed people and objects appearing on the opposite side of his field of vision, instead of where they were actually located. This strange, funhouse mirror-like inversion also translated to noises and touch. He could read numbers and letters both forward and backward with ease and often saw things in triplicate and with colors that appeared as though they were detached from the objects, according to the case report.

Gonzalo also found it peculiar that “M looked at his wristwatch from any direction to check the time,” according to an article in El País, a Spanish newspaper.

He was particularly intrigued with how the man could “read the newspaper fluently and with the same ease in the normal position and upside down,” Gonzalo wrote in his two-volume book Brain Dynamics (Instituto S. Ramón y Cajal, 1945). 

“[M] had found his abnormalities strange when, for example, he saw men working upside down on a scaffold,” he wrote. In general, the disturbances go completely or almost completely unnoticed by both Patient M and other patients who have sustained similar injuries, Gonzalo observed. Later, when the patients discover them, they don’t seem to worry, but rather consider them as something temporary that does not affect or compromise their daily life, he wrote.

In fact, Gonzalo noted that Patient M downplayed his symptoms of inverted vision, saying, “They are things that sometimes appear in my vision.”

Gonzalo continued studying Patient M for decades, creating his theory of brain dynamics in the process. However, back then, the field of neurology remained stuck in the past and unreceptive to Gonzalo’s new ideas.

In the 1930s, “the brain was seen like little boxes,” Alberto García Molina, a neuropsychologist at the Institut Guttmann in Barcelona, told El País. “When you altered a box, supposedly there was a concrete deficit. For Dr. Gonzalo, the modular theories couldn’t explain the questions that emerged with Patient M, so he began to create his theory of brain dynamics, breaking with the hegemonic vision about how the brain works.”RELATED STORIES—A man went to the doctor about a cough. It turns out, he had a 6-inch mass in his chest.

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By studying Patient M and hundreds of other patients with brain injuries, Gonzalo proposed that the symptoms of brain damage depended on the “magnitude and position” of the lesion, or injury within the organ. 

He then identified three general syndromes that could occur following a brain injury: central (disruptions that affected multiple senses), paracentral (similar to central but the effects aren’t evenly distributed between the senses) and marginal (affecting brain pathways for only certain senses). He found that the “pathological alteration observed after a brain lesion is the result of a game of gradients. In the central syndrome, the lesion involves the area where the overlapping of the visual, tactile and auditory gradients is greatest, hence its multisensory symmetrical character,” according to the new case report.

Without treatment, Patient M lived the rest of his life within this alternative perception, up until his death in the late 1990s, according to El País.

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Michael Matheson: Furore over £11,000 iPad bill ‘completely blown out of all proportion’, says shamed MSP

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Michael Matheson: Furore over £11,000 iPad bill 'completely blown out of all proportion', says shamed MSP

The furore surrounding Michael Matheson’s near £11,000 iPad data roaming bill was “completely blown out of all proportion”, according to the shamed MSP.

The SNP politician stepped down as Scotland’s health secretary last year after questions were raised over the eye-watering invoice.

The Falkirk West MSP had initially billed taxpayers before U-turning, claiming the device had only been used for parliamentary work during a family holiday to Morocco.

It later emerged his teenage sons had been using the work iPad as a hotspot to stream football while on the trip.

Mr Matheson was later suspended from the Scottish parliament and docked wages for breaching the MSP code of conduct.

Mr Matheson, who was first elected as an MSP in 1999, was questioned about his ministerial career during an interview with the Institute for Government (IFG) think tank as part of its Ministers Reflect series.

During the talk, held in October last year but published on Friday, he said his opponents had sought to take “political advantage” of the situation.

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Mr Matheson said: “I think the thing that you need to realise is that when you become a minister, if you do make a mistake, you can end up in the eye of a political storm.

“The thing that acted as a big catalyst for me was that, as soon as the general election was called, everything was put on steroids.

“It became a massive issue because folk saw a political advantage they could get from it. It just got completely blown out of all proportion, in my view.”

SNP's Michael Matheson during First Minister's Questions at the Scottish Parliament in Holyrood, Edinburgh. Picture date: Thursday May 16, 2024
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Mr Matheson during First Minister’s Questions last May. Pic: PA

Mr Matheson was the net zero, energy and transport secretary in Nicola Sturgeon’s government at the time of the family holiday around Christmas in 2022.

Ahead of the trip he failed to replace an outdated SIM card, which led to increased data use costs.

Mr Matheson, who was later appointed health secretary in March 2023 under then first minister Humza Yousaf, told Holyrood he was unaware that his sons had used the iPad as a hotspot when he initially submitted the bill.

He claimed he was told the truth by his wife after the story sparked a public outcry.

Following his wife’s admission, Mr Matheson initially failed to publicly mention his sons’ involvement.

Instead, he continued to insist the iPad was only used for parliamentary work and blamed the outdated SIM card for the excessive bill.

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Mr Matheson’s sons racked up the near £11,000 iPad bill streaming football abroad

When questioned by journalists days after he knew the truth, he continued to deny the iPad was used for personal use until he made a statement to Holyrood.

Mr Matheson quit as health secretary ahead of the conclusion of a probe by the Scottish Parliamentary Corporate Body (SPCB), which ruled he had breached the MSP code of conduct.

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When asked if there were any lessons to be learned for other ministers, he told the IFG: “If I look back, the lesson I would say is recognising how unforgiving the political space is that you’re operating in.

“In the end, it was my desire to try and avoid the press knowing about what my son had done.

“It was completely unforgiving, despite the fact that when you offer it up, then they say you’re using it as a cover. Actually, no, I’m not, but I’m telling you that’s what’s happened.

“So, I think what I would say to ministers is that it is quite unforgiving at times when something like that happens, despite what your background is and how long you’ve been in government and how you’ve always tried to avoid getting the government into any difficult positions.”

EMBARGOED TO 0001 FRIDAY JANUARY 31 File photo dated 23/11/23 of Minister for Health and Social Care Michael Matheson speaks to the media after First Minster's Questions at the Scottish Parliament in Holyrood, Edinburgh. John Swinney has said Parliament's "conclusions stand" after comments from Michael Matheson emerged in which the former health secretary said the row over his iPad roaming charges had been "blown out of proportion". Issue date: Friday January 31, 2025.
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Mr Matheson being questioned by journalists in November 2023, on the day the SPBC announced it was launching a probe into his conduct

He added: “When you’re a backbencher, if you do make an error, it’s not the same.

“But when you’re a minister and you’re a senior minister, you’re going to get chased down and you quite literally get chased down.”

Mr Matheson said a number of people reached out in support during the scandal.

He also said the scrutiny had a “significant impact” on his family, which included taking his teenage sons out of school and his wife becoming “unwell with stress”.

He added: “It’s in the public record that our house got broken into.”

When questioned about Mr Matheson’s latest comments, First Minister John Swinney said: “The parliament’s worked its way through all of these issues and it’s come to its conclusions and those conclusions stand.

“We just have to consider that as the conclusion that parliament has arrived at.”

The Scottish Conservatives criticised Mr Matheson’s remarks.

MSP Rachael Hamilton, the party’s deputy leader, said: “Taxpayers will be outraged that Michael Matheson is trying to downplay the scandal that ultimately forced him to resign in disgrace.

“The public were rightly furious that the then SNP health secretary thought it acceptable to ask them to foot the bill for his [iPad] expenses.

“He then repeatedly lied to them and parliament and refused to say sorry for what he had done.

“No wonder Scots are so disillusioned with senior SNP figures at Holyrood when they continue to hold voters in such contempt.”

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Singer Marianne Faithfull dies at the age of 78

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Singer Marianne Faithfull dies at the age of 78

Singer and actress Marianne Faithfull has died at the age of 78.

A spokesperson for her music promotion company Republic Media said: “It is with deep sadness that we announce the death of the singer, songwriter and actress Marianne Faithfull.

“Marianne passed away peacefully in London today, in the company of her loving family.

“She will be dearly missed.”

Marianne Faithfull in 1995. Pic: Reuters
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Faithfull in 1995. Pic: Reuters

Faithfull was best known for her 1964 hit As Tears Go By, written by Sir Mick Jagger, with whom she had a well-publicised relationship, and fellow Rolling Stones star Keith Richards.

She also starred in films including The Girl On A Motorcycle and 2007’s Irina Palm, for which she was nominated for a European Film Award for Best Actress.

In recent years, she provided voice work for the 2021 remake of Dune and 2023’s Wild Summon.

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The Girl On A Motorcycle - 1968
Marianne Faithfull

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Film Stills, Personality, Entertainment

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Faithfull in The Girl On A Motorcycle. Pic: Mid-Atlantic/Ares/Claridge/Kobal/Shutterstock

She and Sir Mick began seeing each other in 1966 and became one of the most glamorous couples of Swinging London.

He paid tribute to his “wonderful friend and beautiful singer and a great actress”, and said he was “so saddened” by her death, as “she was so much part of my life for so long”.

Next to a picture of the pair arm in arm on Instagram, Sir Mick said Faithfull “will always be remembered”.

His Stones bandmates Ronnie Wood and Keith Richards also paid tribute, with Richards posting on Instagram that he was “so sad and will miss her.”

His post was accompanied by a picture of the pair enjoying a drink together.

Wood wrote on Jagger’s post: “Farewell dear Marianne.”

Born in 1946, Faithfull started her singing career in 1964 after being discovered by the Stones’ manager Andrew Loog Oldham.

Her self-titled debut album was released a year later, with As Tears Go By reaching number nine on the UK singles chart.

She went on to have a string of successful singles, including Come And Stay With Me, This Little Bird, and Summer Nights, and famously dated Sir Mick from 1966 to 1970.

Faithfull was prolific throughout the 60s, releasing six albums – some only in the UK and some for the US – as well as contributing backing vocals to the Beatles’ Yellow Submarine and inspiring the Stones’ Sympathy For The Devil.

That decade also saw her star in films like 1967’s I’ll Never Forget What’s’isname – where she was one of the first people to say f*** in a mainstream studio film – 1968’s The Girl On A Motorcycle, and Tony Richardson’s 1969 adaptation of Hamlet.

Her affair with Sir Mick was notorious, with the couple being arrested in 1968 for possession of cannabis.

She was also infamously found by police wearing only a bear skin rug when they arrived for a drugs raid at Richards’ home in 1967.

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MICK JAGGER AND MARIANNE FAITHFULL BOARD A TRAIN AT EUSTON FOR BANGOR. THEY WILL MEET UP WITH THE BEATLES AND THE MAHARISHI MAHESH YOGI - 26.AUG 1967

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Faithfull and Mick Jagger dated from 1966 to 1970. Pic: Shutterstock

After breaking up with the Stones frontman, Faithfull spent two years homeless in Soho while suffering from anorexia and heroin addiction, before she started living in a squat.

She wrote in her 1994 autobiography: “For me, being a junkie was an admirable life. It was total anonymity, something I hadn’t known since I was 17.

“As a street addict in London, I finally found it. I had no telephone, no address.”

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In 1979, following success in Ireland with the country-themed Dreamin’ My Dreams, Faithfull released the Grammy-nominated Broken English – widely considered her best album.

She later achieved critical acclaim as a jazz and blues singer with 1987’s Strange Weather and went to rehab that same decade.

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Jean-Christophe Bott/EPA/Shutterstock

Switzerland Music - Jul 2009
British Singer and Actress Marianne Faithfull Performs on the Miles Davis Hall Stage at the 43rd Montreux Jazz Festival in Montreux Switzerland Late 13 July 2009 the Festival Runs Until 18 July Switzerland Schweiz Suisse Montreux

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Faithfull performing in Montreux, Switzerland, in 2009. Pic: Jean-Christophe Bott/EPA/Shutterstock

Faithfull released a total of 21 solo albums throughout her career. Her most recent was the spoken word album She Walks In Beauty from 2021, which saw her work with frequent Nick Cave collaborator Warren Ellis.

She made a full recovery from breast cancer in 2006.

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Trump says 25% tariffs on Mexico and Canada may not include oil: ‘Oil is going to have nothing to do with it as far as I’m concerned’

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Trump says 25% tariffs on Mexico and Canada may not include oil: 'Oil is going to have nothing to do with it as far as I’m concerned'

President Donald Trump speaks to members of the press in the Oval Office of the White House on Jan. 30, 2025.

Kent Nishimura for The Washington Post | Getty Images

Donald Trump has confirmed he will impose 25% tariffs on imports from Mexico and Canada from February, following through on threats issued weeks earlier.

The blanket tariffs on the countries’ products will come into effect on Saturday, Feb. 1.

However, speaking to reporters in the Oval Office on Thursday evening, Trump told reporters his administration was yet to determine whether oil imports would be included in the policy, noting that the decision was pinned on whether the two nations “treat us properly” and “if the oil is properly priced.”

“Oil is going to have nothing to do with it as far as I’m concerned,” he said. “We’re going to make that determination probably tonight on oil. Because they send us oil, we’ll see – it depends on what their price is.”

March contracts for Brent crude — the global benchmark for oil prices — were marginally higher at 8:06 a.m. London time, trading around $76.92 a barrel.

Trump told reporters the looming duties were being leveraged “for a number of reasons” and “may or may not rise with time.”

“Number one is the people that have poured into our country so horribly and so much,” he said. “Number two is the drugs fentanyl and everything else that have come into the country, and number three are the massive subsidies that we’re giving to Canada and Mexico in the form of deficits.”

“I’ll be putting the tariff of 25% on Canada and separately 25% on Mexico, and we’ll really have to do that because we have very big deficits with those countries,” he added.

This news story is being updated.

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