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By Sarah Moore Jun 9 2023 Reviewed by Lily Ramsey, LLM

Dryness and Itching 
Delicate skin 
Acne
Flushing 
Facial hair 
Melasma 
Facial changes
References 
Further reading

Menopause marks the end of a woman’s reproductive years. It is a transitionary period when her periods stop, caused by a gradual loss in ovarian follicular function alongside a decline in estrogen levels. For many women, menopause is accompanied by a number of symptoms of ranging severity that can impact many aspects of life. Scientists recently totaled the number of menopause symptoms to 48, although not all women will experience all of these.

It is estimated that almost half of women experience skin issues during menopause. Reduced production of estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone, and increased production of cortisol during this period are responsible for the inevitable skin changes that women face. For some, however, these changes can be more significant or challenging. Skin and Hair Changes During Menopause Play Dryness and itching

One of the most common skin changes brought on by menopause is dry and itching skin. This is caused by the drop in estrogen that occurs in menopause. Estrogen acts as one of the skin’s natural hydration boosters as it facilitates the production of ceramides, natural hyaluronic acid, and sebum. In the absence of these substances, water easily evaporates from the skin, leaving it dry. Dry skin can then become irritated, causing itching.

Experts recommend that dryness and itching during menopause can be mitigated by avoiding products with soap, as soap dries the skin. They also recommend applying moisturizer to help the skin hold onto moisture.

Itching skin can also be an indicator of other problems such as iron deficiency and thyroid problems, for this reason, women are recommended to discuss these symptoms with their healthcare professional. Delicate skin

Reduced levels of estrogen can also cause the skin to become more fragile. Estrogen is required for collagen production, the protein that gives skin its elasticity and firmness. During the first five years of menopause, skin loses roughly 30% of its collagen, followed by a more gradual decline in the years that follow. While this can cause the skin to lose its look of plumpness and increases the appearance of wrinkles, it also makes skin more vulnerable to bruising. Collagen also plays an important role in wound healing, with less collagen, skin can take longer to heal.

The effect of reduced collagen levels can be addressed with hormone replacement therapy (HRT), which replaces the lost estrogen, however, not everyone is suitable for HRT. Women with a history of breast, ovarian or womb cancer, a history of blood clots, untreated high blood pressure, or liver disease may not be suitable for HRT. Acne

While acne is associated with adolescence, it is increasingly being recognized as a condition that impacts people throughout life, including during menopause. While the cause of menopausal acne is multifactorial, hormonal imbalances have the most responsibility for these kinds of breakouts.

Often, women who had flare-ups of acne during adolescence can experience similar flare-ups during menopause. While estrogen replacement can be used to tackle hormone imbalances, some women continue to have acne following this treatment. More research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms underlying menopausal acne. Flushing

Hot flushes are one of the most common symptoms of menopause, almost all women experience flushes in this period. Menopause also seems to increase a woman’s likeliness of suffering from rosacea, in which the blood vessels in the skin become very reactive.

The redness caused by flushes and rosacea can be reduced with changes to lifestyle. Avoiding alcohol, caffeine, and spicy food, and using SPF can improve skin redness. Other techniques, such as creams or lasers are sometimes used to tackle rosacea.

Image Credit: SpeedKingz/Shutterstock.com Facial hair

The growth of new, thicker facial hair is fairly common in women of menopausal age. One study from that around 40% of women aged 45 and over reported the growth of excess facial hair, particularly on the chin. The drop in estrogen that happens during menopause changes the balance of estrogen vs testosterone, this relative increase in testosterone can cause course facial hair to grow on the upper lip, chin, cheeks and jawline. Melasma

During menopause, signs of sun damage can become more salient. The skin can become more pigmented, often on the cheeks, upper lip and forehead, this pigmentation is known as melasma. Women with particular sun damage may experience an irregular skin tone and sun spots. Facial changes

Finally, menopause can be a time when women find their appearance changes. The loss of bone density (which also affects the facial bones), and drop in collagen that occurs during menopause and beyond can alter the facial appearance. This can be a challenging process to endure. Related StoriesAn ultra-low-cost at-home blood pressure monitor that enables a smartphone to measure blood pressureStudy evaluates the effects of phenolic compounds in extra virgin olive oil on skin healthWomen with menstrual cycle dysfunction may experience adverse cardiovascular health consequences

The changing hormone levels that are the hallmark of menopause also impact a woman’s mental health. An estimated 70% of women experience some type of mental health impact at the time of menopause. Changes to the skin can be a source of distress, some women find it contributes to a loss of confidence and self-esteem.

Increasing research into the 48 symptoms of menopause is vital to ensure that we have the expertise necessary to support women’s health during this time. References: Menopause [online]. World Health Organization. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/menopause#:~:text=Most%20women%20experience%20menopause%20between,changes%20in%20the%20menstrual%20cycle. (Accessed May 2023) Get to know the 48 symptoms [online]. GenM. Available at: https://gen-m.com/symptoms/48-symptoms/ (Accessed May 2023) Khunger, N. and Mehrotra, K. (2019) ‘ menopausal acne – challenges and solutions’ , International Journal of Women’ s Health, Volume 11, pp. 555–567. doi:10.2147/ijwh.s174292. Let’ s talk about: menopause and mental health [online]. Livi. Available at: https://www.livi.co.uk/your-health/lets-talk-about-menopause-and-mental-health/ (Accessed May 2023) Further Reading:

What is Menopause?

How Does Menopause Affect the Brain?

Sleep and Menopause

Menopause symptoms: Am I normal?

Rosacea and Menopause

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UK must increase North Sea drilling to boost economy, says US ambassador

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UK must increase North Sea drilling to boost economy, says US ambassador

The US ambassador to the UK has said Britain should carry out “more drilling and more production” in the North Sea.

In his first broadcast interview in the job, Warren Stephens urged the UK to make the most of its own oil and gas reserves to cut energy costs and boost the economy.

“Electricity costs are four times ours in the UK, versus the US,” he told Mornings with Ridge and Frost.

“I want the UK economy to be as strong as it possibly can be, so the UK can be the best ally to the US that it possibly can be.

“Having a growing economy is essential to that – and the electricity costs make it very difficult.”

Mr Stephens told Wilfred Frost he hoped Britain would “examine the policies in the North Sea and frankly, make some changes to it that allows for more drilling and more production”.

“You’re using oil and gas, but you’re importing it. Why not use your own?” he asked.

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Mr Stephens said Britain should make more of its own oil and gas
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Mr Stephens said Britain should make more of its own oil and gas

The ambassador said he had held meetings with Sir Keir Starmer on the energy issue while US President Donald Trump was in the room, and that the prime minister was “absolutely” listening to the US view.

“I think there are members of the government that are listening,” Mr Stephens told Sky News. “There is a little bit of movement to make changes on the policy and I’ll hope that will continue.”

Energy Secretary Ed Miliband has said the UK should be prioritising net zero by 2030 to limit climate change, rather than issuing new oil and gas drilling licences.

The Thistle Alpha platform, north of Shetland, stopped production in 2020 . Pic: Reuters/Petrofac
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The Thistle Alpha platform, north of Shetland, stopped production in 2020 . Pic: Reuters/Petrofac

However, the ambassador said it would take “all energy for all countries to compete” in the future, given the huge power demands of data centres and AI.

“I don’t think Ed Miliband is necessarily wrong,” said Mr Stephens. “But I think it’s an incorrect policy to ignore your fossil fuel reserves, both in the North Sea and onshore.”

The ambassador hosted Mr Trump on the first night of his second UK state visit in September – a trip that was seen as a success by both sides.

Mr Stephens said Mr Trump and Sir Keir had a “great relationship” and pointed to the historic ties between Britain and the US as a major factor in June’s trade deal and the favourable tariff rate on the UK.

The ambassador said Sir Keir and President Trump have a 'great relationship'
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The ambassador said Sir Keir and President Trump have a ‘great relationship’

“The president really loves this country,” the ambassador told Sky News.

“I don’t think it’s coincidental that the tariff rates on the UK are generally a third, or at worst half, of what a lot of other countries are facing.

“I think the prime minister and his team did a great job of positioning the United Kingdom to be the first trade deal, but also the best one that’s been struck.”

Mr Stephens – who began his job in London in May – also touched on the Ukraine war and said Mr Trump’s patience with Russia was “wearing thin”.

The Alaska summit between Mr Trump and Vladimir Putin failed to produce a breakthrough, and the US leader has admitted the Russian president may be “playing” him so he can continue the fighting.

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The ambassador told Sky News he had always favoured a tough stance on Russia and was “delighted” when Mr Trump sanctioned Russia’s two biggest oil firms a few weeks ago.

However, he emphasised the president’s call that other countries must stop buying Russian energy to really tighten the screw.

‘The incorrect policy’ – That’s Trumpian diplomacy for you

“You’re using oil and gas, but you’re importing it. Why not use your own?”

It’s a reasonable question for President Trump’s top representative here in the UK – ambassador Warren Stephens – to ask, particularly given that our exclusive interview was taking place in the UK’s oil capital, Aberdeen.

The ambassador told me that he and President Trump have repeatedly lobbied Prime Minister Starmer on the topic, and somewhat strikingly said the PM was “absolutely listening”, adding: “I think there are certainly members of the government that are listening. And there is a little bit of movement to make some changes to the policy.”

Well, one member of the government who is seemingly not listening, and happens to be spending most of this week at the UN Climate Change Conference in Brazil, is Energy Secretary Ed Miliband.

“It’s going to take all energy for all countries to compete in the 21st century for AI and data centres,” the ambassador told me. “And so, I don’t think Ed Miliband is necessarily wrong, but I think it’s an incorrect policy to ignore your fossil fuel reserves, both in the North Sea and onshore.”

Not wrong, but the incorrect policy. That’s Trumpian diplomacy for you.

His comments on Russia, China and free speech were also fascinating. On the latter, he said that in the US someone might get “cancelled for saying something, but they’re not going to get arrested.”

“The president, has been, I would say, careful in ramping up pressure on Russia. But I think his patience is wearing out,” said Mr Stephens.

“One of the problems is a lot of European countries still depend on Russian gas,” he added.

“We’re mindful of that. We understand that, but until we can really cut off their ability to sell oil and gas around the world, they’re going to have money and Putin seems intent on continuing the war.”

The ambassador also struck a cautious but hopeful tone on future US and UK relations with China.

It comes after Mr Trump said his meeting this week with President Xi Jinping was a “12/10”, raising hopes the trade war between the superpowers could be simmering down.

China’s huge economy is too big to ignore – but it remains a major spy threat; the head of MI5 warned last month of an increase in “state threat activity” from Beijing (as well as Russia and Iran).

Mr Stephens praised the country’s economy and said it would be “terrific” if China could one day be considered a partner.

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Trump-Xi meeting: Three key takeaways

But he warned “impatient” China is ruthlessly focused on itself only, and would like to see the US and the West weakened.

“There’s certainly things we want to be able to do with China,” added the ambassador.

“And I know the UK wants to do things with China. The United States does, too – and we should. But I think we always need to keep in the back of our mind that China does not have our interests at heart.”

:: Watch Mornings with Ridge and Frost on weekdays Monday to Thursday, from 7am to 10am on Sky News

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Nigel Farage pivots on economy – will his original supporters be in favour?

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Nigel Farage pivots on economy - will his original supporters be in favour?

Nigel Farage has long known he would need to overhaul Reform UK’s offer on the economy, not least because of the scale of the attack it faced over conference season.

According to the Institute for Fiscal Studies, last year’s manifesto plans would cost nearly £90bn per year, with spending increases alone of £50bn.

They claimed they would pay for these through £150bn per year of reductions in other spending, covering public services, debt interest and working-age benefits – eyewatering sums that the other parties felt left Reform UK exposed.

So in traditional Nigel Farage fashion, Monday comes the pivot.

Politics live: Farage predicts early general election in 2027

In a speech in the City, Farage said that large upfront tax cuts were no longer on the agenda because of the state of the economy.

He said significant but “sensible” deregulation was needed to take advantage of post-Brexit freedoms, and put public sector pensions and even the triple lock (up for consideration but no decisions have been made) on the table.

More on Nigel Farage

“We want to cut taxes. Of course we do. But we understand substantial tax cuts given the dire state of debt and our finances are not realistic,” he told the 100-strong audience.

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Nigel Farage gives a speech at Banking Hall in the City of London. Pic: PA
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Nigel Farage gives a speech at Banking Hall in the City of London. Pic: PA

Farage has to walk a fine line

He was unapologetic that he could not say when or by how much taxes would be lowered.

He said: “If I’m right and that election comes in 2027, then the economy will be in an even worse state than any of us in this room can even predict. How can anybody project on pensions and thresholds or any of those things between now and then?”

But he must walk a fine line – both claiming to be consistent as a politician while changing his stance.

And more broadly, given we have had “Brexit Nigel” and “trade-union Nigel” and “small state Nigel” and “nationalisation Nigel” – which all, I pointed out to him, line up like Barbies on a toy shelf today – I asked him why we should now suddenly trust “fiscal responsibility Nigel” and that this survives to and beyond the next general election?

His answer was instructive – saying that while his principles and ideology has been consistent, he conceded the practical application has had to evolve.

👉Listen to Politics at Sam and Anne’s on your podcast app👈

He said: “I believe in pretty much the same sort of things I believed in 30 years ago. The difference is I now understand more than I did the role of the state in strategic industries.

“That’s why Richard Tice and I went to Scunthorpe… Have I adapted over 30 years into believing that the country needs an industrial strategy?

“Yes. Do I believe that actually, in certain failing industries, you know, a short-term partial nationalisation where, by the way, the bondholders and shareholders get wiped out? It doesn’t cost the government to do it.”

Interesting insight

This is an interesting insight into a politician who was associated with a certain strand of conservatism. He hopes political evolution works in his favour.

But the history of candour in British politics does not always favour the brave, as George Osborne discovered in late 2009.

As Farage threatens a benefits crackdown and becomes the only party to put changes to the triple lock on the table, will Reform UK’s original voters still be as strongly in favour?

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Buyout firm Epiris plots £230m swoop on Next 15 divisions

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Buyout firm Epiris plots £230m swoop on Next 15 divisions

The private equity firm which owns the Las Iguanas and Cafe Rouge restaurant chains is in talks to buy a sizeable chunk of Next 15 Group, the London-listed marketing services group.

Sky News has learnt that Epiris, which owns the Big Table casual dining group and also counted auctioneer Bonhams among its recent investments, has approached Next 15 Group about a deal.

City sources said on Monday that Epiris’s offer included Next 15 subsidiaries MHP Communications, a leading financial public relations firm.

M Booth, a consumer marketing operation; Outcast, another PR agency; and Activate, a business-to-business demand generation specialist, are also said to form part of the deal perimeter.

Ares Management, the private credit giant, is understood to have been approached by Epiris to help finance its offer.

Discussions between Epiris and Next 15 are said to be ongoing, although insiders cautioned that a transaction was not certain to materialise.

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Sky News reported the approach to Next 15 earlier this year, although the identity of the bidder was unclear at that stage.

Next 15 is a marketing services conglomerate which is effectively a smaller replica of industry giants such as Publicis and WPP, the latter of which is engulfed in strategic uncertainty.

Sir Martin Sorrell, the WPP founder who now runs S4 Capital, has also been in talks about taking the business private.

A sale of its Marker division would leave Next 15 focused on its remaining technology and data-driven client businesses.
Next 15 issued a profit warning and changed its leadership earlier this year as it disclosed “potential serious misconduct” related to Mach49, a Silicon Valley advisory business it owns.

Tim Dyson, its chief executive for over three decades, has retired and been replaced by Sam Knights, the boss of Shopper Media Group, one of its subsidiaries.

The group has already been engaged in selling a number of units.

Next 15 has a market value of about £420m after seeing its stock rally in recent months.

The shares, which were trading at about 404.5p on Monday afternoon, are broadly flat over the last year.

Epiris, Ares and Next 15 all declined to comment.

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