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adminShare on Pinterest A recent survey found that a surprising number of healthcare professionals mistakenly believe people living with obesity can reach a healthy weight if they simply try hard enough. Dima Berlin/Getty ImagesNew research finds that bias about the root cause of obesity affects how healthcare professionals recommend treatment for people who are living with this chronic disease.Results from a survey showed that 58% of providers believe that obesity is mainly due to lifestyle choices, and 43% believe that those living with obesity can reach a healthy weight if they only try hard enough.Health experts say these biases are dangerous as they discount the fact that causes for obesity can vary widely and treatment needs to be evaluated on a case-by-case basis to ensure the best results.
When it comes to treating obesity, our growing medical understanding of the condition has shifted approaches to treatment as well as the larger cultural understanding of what it means to be living with obesity.
For the more than 2 in 5 American adults who live with the condition, this also involves pushing against stigma and misinformation that can accompany discussions about the chronic disease.
Now, new data released by Eli Lilly and Company that looks at prevailing barriers that might stand in the way of normalizing and prescribing anti-obesity medications, speaks to larger issues of how many providers might discount genetics and factors that remain out of peoples control when they diagnose and treat the condition.
Often, cultural biases that often infuse our understanding of obesity can paint the condition as one that results mainly from lifestyle factors more than anything else.
How might this affect the treatment that people receive for obesity?
Healthline spoke with experts who put all of this in context and explained how issues around the treatment for obesity are nuanced and vary case by case, person by person. What the data highlights about attitudes toward obesity
The data from Eli Lilly comes from the OBSERVE study, conducted in collaboration between the pharmaceutical company, Cerner Enviza, and leading opinion leaders and researchers in the field.
It aimed to look at the factors that might illustrate where we are today in the prescription and adoption of medications to treat obesity. It also sheds a brighter light on current attitudes and provides a look at how the condition is often approached in medical settings.
Among those included in the study were people living with obesity, healthcare providers, and even employers.
The latest data from this study focused on healthcare providers perceptions. It was presented in May at the 2023 AACE (American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists Meeting in Seattle.
The findings revealed a striking snapshot of provider attitudes toward treating the condition.
The survey showed that 58% of surveyed providers believe that obesity is mainly due to lifestyle choices, 43% believe that those living with obesity can reach a healthy weight if they only try hard enough, 24% reported they believed most patients with obesity are metabolically healthy even though they are carrying extra weight, and 67% think people with obesity should be required to demonstrate motivation to make lifestyle changes before medical treatment is offered.
Study co-author Dr. Rekha Kumar, chief medical officer at medically-assisted weight care program, Found, and practicing endocrinologist in New York City, said the figure that shows 43% of providers believe patients with obesity can generally achieve and maintain a healthy weight if they only tried enough was particularly surprising to her.
The science has been clear for a long time that biology plays a critical role in someones ability to lose and maintain weight loss, and for many people struggling with overweight and obesity, lifestyle changes are often not enough, Kumar told Healthline. The belief that someone cant achieve a healthy weight, it means they are a failure or lack willpower is what continues to stigmatize patients with obesity, and prevent them from seeking and getting the medical care they deserve and need.
When asked just how big of a challenge it is for people living with obesity to simply lose weight and then maintain that weight loss, Dr. Diana Thiara, medical director of UCSF Weight Management Clinic and UCSF assistant clinical professor, told Healthline that its important to note that obesity is a chronic disease that requires long-term management.
Its incredibly hard to lose weight and keep it off in the long run. We know that some people are able to sustain large amounts of weight loss for many years things like the national weight control registry have examined this these participants had lower rates of adverse behavior change, said Thiara, who is unaffiliated with the study. We need to work with our patients, continuously, for the long term, to help them achieve and maintain weight loss.
The other thing is that we need to accept and be okay with the fact that people with obesity will have moments of hardship and relapse throughout their lives. We should help them through these times, she added.
In examining the fact that 58% of these respondents think obesity is due to lifestyle choices, Thiara added that this is an overly simplistic view of the chronic disease. She stressed that this is a complex condition, and we dont fully understand etiology.
We do know that there are certain genes that are more prevalent in individuals with obesity. The thought, however, is more that its a combination of having those genes plus living in an obesogenic environment or calorie-dense/unhealthy foods in combination with sedentary lifestyles, Thiara explained. Additionally, there is data suggesting there is correlation between obesity and infection with certain viruses, specifically a few strains of adenovirus.
Thiara added that our evolving understanding of the gut microbiome at least in studies of animals reveals that it plays a role in lean versus obese phenotypes in mice, for example.
We are still trying to understand the role of the microbiome and weight in humans, and I hope we learn more from scientists who are actively studying this. Now, why is this a pervasive view? Obesity bias is incredibly prevalent in society, and medical providers are included here, she said. Studies have shown this repeatedly, and this includes all types of providers from nurses to doctors. Obesity bias is a big problem in the medical field. I think this bias makes us blame patients for having excess weight.How to combat entrenched biases going forward
Pushing against some of these entrenched views of obesity can be hard.
Kumar said the idea that lifestyle choices above all else are the main factor affecting obesity obscures the very nuanced reality of all of the factors and moving parts that are coming into play with this health issue.
It fails to take into account that the presence of this disease varies widely between individuals.
For some people, lifestyle changes may very well be effective at both losing weight and then maintaining a healthy weight. Seeing this work in some people can sometimes paint a very incomplete picture that providers then take as the norm.
The truth is that weight loss is only successful long term for a very select amount of people and does not accurately reflect what most people experience a daily struggle to lose weight or keep it off after losing it, Kumar said. As providers, we have been trained to focus on chronic diseases like high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease. Being overweight or obese is still being viewed as [a] lifestyle/wellness issue, even though the American Medical Association recognized obesity as a chronic disease 10 years ago.
This means data like this can result in a call to action of sorts.
Its time we start treating obesity like every other chronic disease. That starts with acknowledging that there are biological factors working against most people on their journey to lose weight, and until those biologcal factors are addressed, long-term weight loss is not likely to be successful, Kumar added. Why doctors might overlook obesity as a major concern
Obesity advocacy groups think a lot about ways to fight against these biases.
The Obestiy Action Coalition (OAC) is a nonprofit that offers a voice and platform to Americans nationwide who are affected by the condition.
Former OAC board member Ted Kyle, RPh, MBA, founded ConscienHealth in 2009 in order to assist organizations and experts to move toward evidence-based approaches to obesity and achieving overall health.
Kyle, who is unaffiliated with the OBSERVE study, told Healthline that the scientific understanding of obesity has changed a great deal over the past decade.
For people who devote their careers to the study and clinical care for obesity, this new knowledge is no big deal. But for average clinicians, its mind-boggling because they did not learn about this in medical school, he said.
In pushing against those medical biases that suggest all one needs to do is just exercise more or adopt a new diet of some kind and it will be very easy to do so, Kyle said this is a perspective that is mostly false.
Obesity is the result of genetic susceptibility triggered by a wide range of environmental factors the food supply, barriers to physical activity, stressors, and drugs and chemicals that cause weight gain. Lifestyle choices can help a person cope, but they are not the most common trigger for this disease, Kyle said. The narrative is entrenched because most providers get their understanding of obesity from false narratives prevalent in popular culture, rather than from medical education by people who understand this disease.
For her part, Thiara said that obesity bias can create a negative domino effect that feeds a lack of understanding of the disease, a lack of interest in learning how to treat it, and not enough focus on obesity in medical education.
In medical training, why might obesity be overlooked?
First, there is the prevalence of bias that tells people they should be able to overcome obesity through sheer force of will. Second, there is the longstanding lack of effective options for treatment other than metabolic and bariatric surgery. Third is the exclusion of coverage for science-based obesity care by most health plans, Kyle said. How to find appropriate health care for obesity
When asked what treatments she would prescribe to a person who comes to her who has obesity, Thiara said lifestyle change is certainly foundational to work with weight management. This is because patients need to also be working on lifestyle changes so they are able to maintain weight loss in the long run.
Beyond lifestyle change, more intensive options like medications or surgery really depend on the individuals comorbidities and health status, their overall goals, and their personal preferences, Thiara added. We know that medications for weight loss and surgical options will achieve, on average, more weight loss than lifestyle intervention. However, they also have side effects. We need to have conversations with our patients to decide together what are the best steps for patients.
She also said that if you have obesity and are looking for health care that makes the most sense for you, the first step is to possibly find a team a primary care provider, yes, but also potentially a nutritionist or a behavioralist.
For some patients, this is an adequate combination. In an ideal world, patients with obesity would be referred to specialty weight management programs and get comprehensive inter-professional care and/or bariatric surgery programs depending on a patients interest in procedural intervention, Thiara said.
Kumar said that whether you should be focusing on lifestyle modifications, new medications, surgery, or other forms of treatment, it all depends on what a provider who specializes in obesity determines makes the most sense for you. There is no one-size-fits-all approach.
Its also important to note that while medispas and certain physicians may liberally prescribe medications like Ozempic these days to people who dont meet the criteria for it. Thats not only irresponsible, but it also may not be the safest, most effective option. Thats something you should keep in mind before requesting it from your doctor, Kumar stressed.
She pointed to Found, where she serves as chief medical officer. This is a weight management program that combines biology and behavioral change as an example of an integrated, personalized approach.
What if you are seeking care, but come in contact with a provider who exhibits some of the aforementioned toxic views on obesity the study highlighted?
Kyle said it can be a challenge to find a provider who is well-versed in obesity and the kind of treatment that might be right for you.
Yes this can be a challenge, he said. The best bet is to look for a provider who is board-certified in obesity medicine.
He pointed to the American Board of Obesity Medicine as one option here.
Kumar said if you come across a provider who is giving outdated guidance for weight loss, you should seek another who specializes in treating obesity as a chronic disease.
As with seeking care for any chronic condition, do your research, and look for a provider who specializes in a field that best applies to you.

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Environment
It’s true: High-performance electric motorcycle brand Energica is back
Published
3 hours agoon
July 19, 2025By
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Italian electric motorcycle manufacturer Energica has just been handed a lifeline. Previously owned by US company Ideanomics, the famed motorcycle brand entered insolvency late last year after a period of financial duress prevented it from making payroll and continuing production.
Now, a new group of investors from Singapore has stepped in to take over.
The news was shared on Energica’s YouTube channel, and the company confirmed on LinkedIn that “The judicial process undergoing the sale of Energica has received an offer with a significant deposit from investors based in Singapore.” Energica says that the investors, who so far remain unnamed, “are enthusiasts that believe in, and share the common values of Energica.”
While it’s not certain how the buyout and revival will unfold, it appears that Energica is planning on getting the band back together. “If the process comes through successfully,” the company explained, “the same team behind Energica will be entrusted to run the operations, and we will continue creating cutting-edge technologies for our customers.”
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With many of Energica’s impressive electric motorcycles already in circulation from years of sales leading up to the 2024 bankruptcy, the company seems focused on starting by supporting those riders. ” Our first order of business is to support the customers and community. The judicial process will be completed in 60 days, and we will continue to share updates during the time.”

Energica rose to fame by building high-performance electric motorcycles in Modena, Italy, and was one of the early pioneers in the premium electric two-wheeler space. Its lineup includes models like the Experia electric touring bike and the Ego sportbike. The company previously supplied race bikes for the MotoE World Cup until Ducati took over the role in 2023.
After being acquired by US-based Ideanomics in 2021, Energica initially benefited from an injection of capital that helped expand production and dealer networks. But Ideanomics itself has faced serious financial trouble, becoming unable to invest in the future of Energica.
Energica’s future prospects seemed dim at the time of its insolvency in 2024, but the uncertainty appears to be clearing with the hope that new owners can breathe fresh life into the company.
Even so, Energica’s core competency is building the fastest, most powerful, and longest range production electric motorcycles the world has ever seen, and that’s not exactly an inexpensive enterprise. Combined with current market trends that favor smaller, lighter, and less expensive commuter-spec electric motorcycles, it begs the question of whether or not a newly revived Energica will find a receptive market, or whether the company will be forced to expand the scope of its products to match better the type of electric motorcycles that are selling today.
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Business
EY partner in talks to become boss of new football regulator
Published
3 hours agoon
July 19, 2025By
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An expert in financial regulation at one of the big four accountancy firms is in talks to become the inaugural boss of English football’s powerful new watchdog.
Sky News has learnt that Richard Monks, a partner at EY, is the leading contender to become chief executive of the Independent Football Regulator (IFR).
The new body will be formally established once the Football Governance Bill receives Royal Assent, which is expected this month.
Mr Monks spent 18 years at the Financial Conduct Authority and its predecessor regulator, the Financial Services Authority, before becoming chair of the G20/OECD Taskforce for Consumer Financial Protection, according to his LinkedIn profile.
He became a partner at EY, where he focuses on financial regulation, in the autumn of 2022.
The prospective choice of a chief executive of the IFR with no professional experience of the football industry may spark alarm among club executives who will face an onerous new regulatory regime overseen by the IFR.
In recent weeks, football industry executives have circulated rumours that the IFR boss was likely to emerge from the professional services sector.
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It was unclear this weekend whether other candidates were vying with Mr Monks for the post.
The IFR has already been set up on a ‘shadow’ basis, with Martyn Henderson, former chief executive of the Sports Grounds Safety Authority, appointed in December 2023 as interim chief operating officer of the football watchdog.
The EY partner is understood to have held talks with David Kogan, the government’s preferred choice for the watchdog’s chairmanship but whose formal appointment has been delayed by an investigation sparked by his previous donations to Labour politicians.
William Shawcross, the commissioner for public appointments, is investigating the process through which Mr Kogan was recruited to the role, and is thought likely to produce his report in the coming weeks.
Lisa Nandy, the culture secretary, told MPs last month that she was delegating the final decision on Mr Kogan’s appointment to the sports minister.
Stuart Andrew, the shadow culture minister, said at the time: “The public has a right to know whether this was a fair and impartial process, or yet another case of political patronage disguised as due diligence.
“The decision to launch an inquiry is welcome [and] must include scrutiny of [Sir] Keir Starmer, his advisers, and whether any conflicts of interest were properly declared.”
If Mr Kogan’s appointment is ratified, the appointment of a chief executive would be a crucial step in paving the way for the most radical reforms to the supervision of English football in decades.
The legislation includes a new licensing regime for clubs, measures to ensure greater fan engagement and a backstop power allowing the IFR to impose a financial settlement on the Premier League in relation to distributions to English Football League clubs.
Revisions to the Bill have seen a requirement for the IFR to take decisions about club takeovers in the context of the government’s foreign and trade policy removed.
If Mr Monks does land the IFR chief executive’s post, ministers are likely to argue that his expertise as a regulator will balance Mr Kogan’s decades of experience as a negotiator of sports media rights deals.
Last year, Mr Kogan acted as the lead negotiator for the Women’s Super League and Championship on their latest five-year broadcasting deals with Sky – the immediate parent company of Sky News – and the BBC.
His current roles include advising the chief executives of CNN, the American broadcast news network, and The New York Times Company on talks with digital platforms about the growing influence of artificial intelligence on their industries.
The creation of the IFR was pledged by the last Conservative government in the wake of the furore over the failed European Super League project in 2021.
Its establishment comes with the top tier of the professional game gripped by civil war, with Abu Dhabi-owned Manchester City at the centre of a number of legal cases with the Premier League over the club’s financial affairs.
The Premier League has also been keen to agree a long-delayed financial redistribution deal with the EFL before the regulator is formally launched.
Tentative talks between representatives of both factions failed to produce meaningful progress, however.
This weekend, EY declined to comment on Mr Monks’s behalf, while the Department for Culture, Media and Sport has been approached for comment.
UK
Detective who helped catch ‘sadistic’ serial killer Peter Tobin believes there are more victims out there
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5 hours agoon
July 19, 2025By
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What started as a missing person case led to the capture of an “evil” serial killer who “got sadistic sexual pleasure” from murdering women.
Peter Tobin died in October 2022 at the age of 76 while serving three life sentences for the murders of Angelika Kluk, Vicky Hamilton and Dinah McNicol.
Former detective superintendent David Swindle helped to unmask the murderer and has always believed there are more victims out there.

Peter Tobin. Pic: PA
Mr Swindle told Sky News: “Peter Tobin was evil. And, you know, there’s a lot of speculation – nature, nurture or born evil. He’s evil. This is someone that got sadistic sexual pleasure from killing people.
“And when we look back at his life, we see that he cut the head off a dog. He tortured animals – a trait that featured with Ian Brady killing a cat.
“This kind of stuff – he was progressing, he had all the traits early on. And then we traced various partners that he had, and they describe horrific, violent domestic abuse.
“This is someone progressing towards it. And Tobin is evil. He’s killed other people, but we don’t know how many else he’s killed.
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“And the reason we don’t know it, is because he targeted vulnerable people and he was forensically aware. So, there could be others, there will be other cases.”

Former detective superintendent David Swindle
Tobin’s secret reign of terror was unveiled following the disappearance of Polish student Angelika Kluk in September 2006.
The 23-year-old had been enjoying her second summer at St Patrick’s Church in Glasgow, where she was living and working as a cleaner to help finance her Scandinavian studies course at the University of Gdansk.
She was reported missing after failing to turn up to work and was last seen alive in the company of the church’s handyman, “Patrick McLaughlin”.

Angelika Kluk. Pic: PA
The caretaker initially spoke to police before sparking suspicion by disappearing himself.
Following a public appeal, the force discovered “McLaughlin” was instead registered sex offender Tobin.
In 1993, Tobin attacked two 14-year-old girls while living in Havant, Hampshire.
He attempted to evade justice for the horrific sex assaults but was jailed the following year and spent a decade behind bars before returning to his home county of Renfrewshire in 2004.
In 2005, he fled Paisley after being accused of attacking a woman and managed to avoid detection until Angelika’s case.

St Patrick’s Church in Glasgow. Pic: PA
Mr Swindle said he can still remember the day he was brought onto the case after Tobin’s true identity was discovered.
Angelika instantly became a high-risk missing person as she was last seen in the company of a registered sex offender.
Officers were sent back to search the church, where Angelika’s body was thereafter discovered under the floorboards.

A picture of a hatch at St Patrick’s Church, which led to the underfloor passage where Angelika’s body was hidden. Pic: PA
Forensic scientist Carol Rogers ordered for the body not to be moved and crawled under the floorboards to collect vital DNA evidence from the bloody crime scene.
Angelika suffered a violent death in the sexually motivated murder. A post-mortem examination revealed she had been bound and gagged, raped, beaten with a piece of wood, and stabbed 16 times in the chest.

The underfloor passage where Angelika’s body was found. Pic: PA
Mr Swindle said the “ferocity” of what had happened to Angelika was “absolutely horrendous”.
He said: “I’ve worked on hundreds of murder investigations in my long time in the police, mostly in the CID. This was horrendous, absolutely horrendous, and it was organised.
“The way he had put poor Angelika under the floor and concealed her remains and stayed at the scene – this is someone that’s cool, calculating, someone that knew what he was about.”
A manhunt was launched for Tobin, who had absconded to London.
He was eventually captured after admitting himself to a hospital under the name “James Kelly”. His deception was foiled after a staff member recognised Tobin from the media coverage.
Tobin was initially brought back to Scotland for failing to comply with his sex offender requirements.
Mr Swindle said: “So, you’ve got the person, you’ve got the individual, but you need to work round it all.
“Meanwhile, it’s very fast moving. There was huge media interest, rightly so, and you’re always thinking, ‘okay, it’s him, we’ve got to prove this’.
“And you have to prove it beyond reasonable doubt, and that was the issue. And then later on that week, we got the DNA. It was Tobin’s DNA. That is a significant development.”
Tobin denied any wrongdoing and went to trial despite the DNA evidence stacked against him.
Dorothy Bain KC, Scotland’s now lord advocate, was the prosecutor in the case.
Jurors heard how semen recovered from Angelika’s body linked back to Tobin, as did fingerprints on tarpaulin left at the scene of the crime. The victim’s blood was also found on a wooden table leg and on Tobin’s watch.
The defence, led by Donald Findlay KC, claimed any sex was consensual.
Suspicions were instead cast on to the parish priest at the time, who claimed he’d had a sexual relationship with Angelika, as well as a married man the victim was having an affair with.

Aneta and Wladyslaw Kluk, Angelika’s sister and father, at the High Court in Edinburgh in 2007. Pic: PA
Mr Swindle said: “What happened very early on with the murder of Angelika Kluk was what you see so many times in cases – victim blaming and victim shaming.”
Jurors saw through Tobin’s lies and found him guilty.
Judge Lord Menzies described the rapist and murderer as an “evil man” as he handed down a life sentence with at least 21 years behind bars in May 2007.
The killer kicked a press photographer to the ground as he was led from the High Court in Edinburgh.

Tobin at the High Court in Edinburgh in May 2007. Pic: PA
Following Tobin’s conviction, what was then Strathclyde Police launched Operation Anagram to investigate his life.
Mr Swindle said: “As soon as I saw what Peter Tobin had done to poor Angelika – how organised he was, how methodical he was, the fact that he was using a false name, the fact that he gave a statement to the police in a false name before the heat was on him.
“He was 60 years of age. He’s done this before.”
Mr Swindle said “fortunately” there aren’t many serial killers in the UK.
He added: “Serial killers – they’re cunning, they’re controlling, they’re conniving, they can be charming, and that’s what we actually found out about Tobin, and they can be clever.”
Mr Swindle likened Tobin’s traits to that of Moors murderer Ian Brady and fellow Scot Dennis Nilsen, who admitted murdering at least 15 young men between 1978 and 1983.
Mr Swindle said: “And that’s when I thought we have to look at his whole life.”
As officers mapped the thrice-married Tobin’s movements over the years, it was discovered he was living in Bathgate at the time of Vicky Hamilton’s disappearance in February 1991.

Vicky Hamilton. Pic: PA
Vicky was just 15 when she went missing from a bus stop in the West Lothian town.
The teenager had been staying with her older sister in Livingston and vanished during a cold weather snap while making her way home to Redding, near Falkirk.
She was last seen alive eating from a bag of chips while waiting for her connecting bus.
The case was one of Scotland’s most high-profile missing person enquiries.
Sadly, Vicky’s heartbroken mother, Janette, died in 1993 without knowing what happened to her daughter.

Police searching Tobin’s former home in Bathgate in June 2007. Pic: PA

Furniture was removed from the property. Pic: PA
In June 2007, police searched Tobin’s old Bathgate home and recovered a dagger hidden in the loft space. A piece of Vicky’s skin was recovered from the weapon.
Vicky’s purse, which had been discarded in Edinburgh following her disappearance in an attempt to fool police she had run away, was submitted for testing and found to contain traces of saliva linking back to Tobin’s then young son.
It is believed the toddler may have put the purse in his mouth while playing with it.

Police conducting a search in June 2007 near to Tobin’s former Bathgate home. Pic: PA
There was no sign of Vicky, but the mystery would soon unravel nearly 500 miles away.
In October 2007, a search was conducted at Tobin’s old home in Margate, Kent, where he had moved to a few months after Vicky went missing.

Aerial view of Tobin’s old home in Margate, third from left. Pic: PA

A major search was conducted at Tobin’s former Margate home. Pic: PA
Officers believed he may have been involved in the disappearance of 18-year-old Dinah McNicol.
The Essex teenager vanished in August 1991 after accepting a ride while hitchhiking home from a music festival in Hampshire.

Dinah McNicol. Pic: PA
Her male friend was dropped off by the man, but she was never seen again.
Following Dinah’s disappearance, large sums of money were withdrawn from her bank account along the south coast. The location of the ATMs linked back to places Tobin had lived.

Police searching Tobin’s former Margate home. Pic: PA

Police recovered Vicky and Dinah’s remains from the back garden of Tobin’s former Margate home. Pic: PA
After 16 years, the mystery surrounding the disappearance of both Vicky and Dinah came to a close with the discovery of their bodies in the back garden of Tobin’s old Margate home.
Vicky had been dismembered.

Flowers placed on the ground where Vicky and Dinah’s remains were found in the garden of Tobin’s former Margate home. Pic: PA

Ian McNicol, Dinah’s father, visiting the Margate home after his daughter’s remains were recovered. Pic: PA
Prosecutors argued Tobin drugged the teenagers with amitriptyline, which he was prescribed at the time, before raping and murdering them.
Tobin once again denied any wrongdoing – despite his fingerprints being found on the refuse bags used to wrap the bodies – but was found guilty of both murders.
In December 2008, he was sentenced to at least 30 years in jail for killing Vicky. The following year he received a whole life order for the death of Dinah.

Lindsay and Sharon Brown, Vicky’s sisters, making a statement outside the High Court in Dundee following Tobin’s conviction in 2008. Pic: PA

Michael Hamilton and Ian McNicol, the fathers of Vicky and Dinah, outside the High Court in Edinburgh in 2010. Tobin failed to appear and would later drop an appeal case. Pic: PA
Tobin died on 8 October 2022.
The HMP Edinburgh inmate had been receiving palliative care at the city’s royal infirmary following a fall in his cell the previous month.
A fatal accident inquiry was held last year, which revealed Tobin was suffering from bronchial pneumonia, vascular disease and prostate cancer at the time of his death.
The serial killer’s ashes were later scattered at sea as no one came forward to claim them.
Tobin has long been suspected by police of murdering other women due to the sheer amount of aliases, cars, and homes he held over his lifetime.
Mr Swindle said: “Tobin’s killed other people – there’s no doubt about it.”
However, Tobin took his secrets to the grave.
Mr Swindle said: “Police Scotland were at his bedside when he was dying and asked him to do the right thing. He didn’t.
“It’s the ultimate control. It’s like Ian Brady – a narcissist. They lack empathy, it’s all about them.”

In 2010, Sussex Police searched an old home of Tobin’s in Portslade. Pic: PA
Tobin’s name was linked to the disappearance of Louise Kay, 18, from Beachy Head in Eastbourne in 1988.
The murder of Jessie Earl, 22, in 1980 was also reinvestigated as part of Operation Anagram.
Her remains were recovered in 1989 in thick undergrowth on Beachy Head, a place she would often take walks and the same area Louise disappeared.

Mr Swindle, left, at the police search in Portslade in 2010. Pic: PA
Mystery continues to surround dozens of pieces of jewellery recovered from Tobin’s possessions in Glasgow after he fled the church following Angelika’s murder.
Mr Swindle believes Tobin’s plan was to move Angelika’s body away from the crime scene – as what he did with Vicky – but police arrived before he could dispose of the evidence.
Mr Swindle said: “That phrase that’s used quite a lot – trophies. I don’t like that phrase. I think the word trophy sounds like a victory. I call it souvenirs from a horrible act.
“And Tobin, I thought, ‘he’s kept them, they’re souvenirs from a terrible act’.
“And to take it further, the jewellery is examined and there’s DNA profiles on that jewellery. Profiles of women, which we’ve never identified. Trophies is a horrible word.”
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Tobin at the High Court in Edinburgh in 2007. Pic: PA
Tobin has also been mentioned in connection with the Bible John killings, a series of murders that brought terror to Glasgow in the late 1960s.
The deaths of the three young women – who met their killer at the city’s renowned Barrowland Ballroom – remain unsolved.
Mr Swindle said: “I’m not convinced the same person was involved in these three murders.
“And there’s no evidence, I don’t think professionally and evidentially, that Peter Tobin killed these women either.”

Police outside Linlithgow Sheriff Court in 2007. Tobin was unable to attend the hearing linked to Vicky’s case due to an attack by a fellow inmate
Police Scotland has since scaled back Operation Anagram.
Mr Swindle retired from the force in 2011 but went on to set up David Swindle Crime Solutions.
As well as offering expert crime advice and spearheading independent case reviews, he can also be found on tour with his latest stage show, Murder: A Search For The Truth.
Mr Swindle additionally established Victims Abroad to help support families who lose a loved one in a foreign country due to homicide or suspicious death and are faced with confusing updates and legal processes in different languages.
Speaking of Operation Anagram, Mr Swindle said: “Throughout my long police career, I’ve worked in some big, big investigations.
“This, for me, is a career defining moment and also a personal and professional defining moment in my life.
“I’ve never worked on anything like it, and I hope never ever to experience it again. And I hope no other serving officers have to experience such horrendous things.”
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