“We must never underestimate the murderous danger posed by right-wing extremism and right-wing terrorism.” That’s the warning from Germany’s interior minister as new figures show a rise in violent extremists in the country.
A report today by intelligence officials estimates 14,000 violent right-wing extremists are living in Germany.
It labels the far-right the biggest extremist danger inside Europe’s largest economic power.
Right-wing extremism continues to be “the greatest extremist threat to the basic democratic order,” interior minister, Nancy Faeser told journalists as she unveiled the report alongside domestic spy chief, Thomas Haldenwang, in Berlin.
Violence from right and left-wing extremists, Islamist terrorists and foreign extremists were among the dangers assessed.
The report found the number of right-wing extremists has risen to 38,800 in 2022, from 33,900 the previous year.
Just over a third of them are classed as “violence-oriented”.
Violent crimes committed by this group are also up 7.5% and include two attempted homicides.
“Extremists use crises to gain a foothold in the middle classes, sharing conspiracy myths, disinformation and propaganda,” says Mr Haldenwang, president of the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution.
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“It is worrying that the actors are becoming increasingly violence-orientated and in some cases younger.”
Victims of far-right intimidation agree.
‘I regularly received life-threatening emails’
Suleman Malik, a spokesperson from the Ahmadiyya Islamic community in Erfurt, East Germany, shows me the mosque they have been trying to build for around a decade.
He says he has received death threats and contractors have been scared away by extremists who warned them not to work with Muslims.
On one occasion, he says he arrived at the construction site to find a pig’s head on a stake and pork scattered around.
“We were attacked, I regularly received life-threatening emails….there were letters. There were attacks on the site. They just wanted to harm us,” he says.
While right-wing extremists come from a mixture of groups, there’s a new focus on the so-called “Reichsburger” after authorities foiled a coup plot planning to violently overthrow the government.
Twenty-five people were arrested in raids in December accused of plotting to storm the German parliament and take control.
“Reichsburger”, which translates to citizen of the Reich, are defined by spy agencies as conspiracy theorists who don’t recognise the legitimacy of the post-war German state.
In 2022, the number of extremist crimes attributed to “Reichsburger” and “Selbstverwalter” (“self-governing citizens”) increased by 34.3%, with violent offences up 55.4% including two attempted homicides.
In total, it’s believed 23,000 “Reichsburger” live in Germany as part of different organisations.
The ‘King’ who wants to overthrow the government
Around two hours’ drive from Berlin is the headquarters of the “Kingdom of Germany”, one of the groups being monitored.
Image: A sign on the fence reading ‘Kingdom of Germany’
Set up around a decade ago, the “Kingdom” is a self-proclaimed independent state with its own self-appointed king.
On the day I arrive to interview King Peter I, I’m given a visa to allow me to cross the invisible border.
A charismatic figure with a long brown ponytail, King Peter confirms I should call him “Your Majesty”.
He explains that the group has their own IDs, passports, banking system and currency. He shows me the constitution which the 5,500 members live by bound in a neat cream-coloured book.
While King Peter does not class his followers as “Reichsburger”, he is clear that they do not recognise the elected government.
“That is the goal, to completely take over the power of government in Germany, so to speak,” he says.
“But only if the people want it. If they don’t want it, then let them keep what they seem to be happy with.”
Image: King Peter likes to be called ‘Your Majesty’
‘It could have led to a bloodbath’
As the kingdom’s membership expands, their efforts to buy more land around Germany has also caught the attention of the authorities.
While some critics accuse them of trying to infiltrate society, they were not part of the group arrested in December and King Peter rejects the idea anyone in the Kingdom would support the use of violence.
“Are you a threat?” I ask. He says they’re not but adds “We are perhaps a threat to the system, because we want to create the common good, because we want to create freedom…and we question the instruments of domination that we have today…we question this legal system of the Federal Republic because it is a system of domination and not a system of freedom.”
While “Reichsburger” groups have often been dismissed as crackpots, December’s failed coup plot shows that they are a danger to be taken seriously and a major concern for the domestic spy chief.
Around 10% (2300) are believed to be violent.
“The Reichsburger plot in December 2022 could have led to a bloodbath at the Bundestag,” says Nicholas Potter, a journalist and researcher at the Amadeu Antonio Foundation in Berlin which monitors right-wing extremism, racism and antisemitism.
Image: The constitution of the ‘Kingdom of Germany’
Far-right party’s popularity soars
“The reality shows that the Reichsburger ideology is ultra-nationalist, antisemitic and driven by far-right conspiracy myths – and that it frequently results in violence, shootouts with authorities, or recently, plots to kidnap ministers or storm the Bundestag.”
But it’s not just fringe groups being watched.
The far-right party “Alternative for Germany” (AfD) has 78 seats in parliament and is soaring in popularity.
According to a recent poll by German newspaper BILD, the AFD has become the second strongest political force in Germany together with the ruling Social Democrats.
It found 19.5% of respondents support the party and that 28.5% of Germans could imagine voting for them.
According to domestic intelligence chief, Thomas Haldenwang, his office will take a closer look at the AfD in 2023 because of a progressive radicalisation with more than 10,000 members classed as right-wing extremists.
Image: Passports of the Kingdom of Germany
The party is now under surveillance as a “suspected threat” because of their far-right ideology while their youth organisation, the “Junge Alternative” (“Young Alternative”), was classified as a right-wing extremist group at the end of April 2023.
Both reject the allegations.
“The surge in support for the AfD is highly alarming,” Mr Potter says. “Since it initially entered the Bundestag in 2017, the party has continued to veer to the hard right, with its comparatively more moderate members leaving.
“The crises of previous years, from the COVID pandemic to Russia’s war in Ukraine and the ensuing energy crises, have given the AfD new opportunities to play on fear and spread hate.”
Image: Currency and a savings book of the Kingdom of Germany
‘We are the opposite of dangerous’
At a rally in Erfurt, Bjorn Hocke, the AfD’s regional leader in Thuringia and influential figure on the party’s hard right disagrees.
Mr Hocke has recently been charged over his alleged use of the Nazis’ SA stormtrooper slogan in a speech in 2021.
He denies he and his party are a risk to security in Germany.
“We are the opposite of dangerous, and we do not divide society…. We want to preserve Germany, that is our mission,” Mr Hocke says. “The other parties want to more or less overcome Germany, to abolish it, and we don’t want that. And that is a normal reaction of a people that wants to have a future.”
But opponents are increasingly concerned by their growing popularity among the middle classes.
Around the corner from the AfD rally, left-wing supporters have launched a counter protest.
Image: Bjorn Hocke of the Alternative for Germany party
They are holding up signs and banners reading “Against Neo-Nazis” or “No room for fascists”.
A group of women calling themselves “Grannies against the Right” are holding placards saying “Bjorn Hocke is a Nazi”.
Loki, a left-wing activist, says right-wing ideology has divided her family.
Her relationship with her father has broken down. She believes the rise of the right is splitting her country in two.
“We have to take action now, we have to defend democracy here”, she says, beginning to cry.
The scientist who first raised the alarm over microplastics in the world’s oceans has warned of a “David vs Goliath” battle between scientists and the plastics industry – as delegates begin to negotiate a global deal to reduce plastic pollution.
As United Nations talks begin this week, Professor Richard Thompson, head of the International Marine Litter unit at Plymouth University, said: “We’re seeing some coercion and some pressure being put by some of those that have got conflicts of interest that fear they stand to lose from the treaty progress.”
Representatives of 175 countries will meet in Switzerland today, for what should be a final round of negotiations over a legally binding treaty to reduce plastic pollution.
The United Nations says while some countries are taking action on plastic, pollution is a global problem that needs a global agreement – but there is no official scientific presence at the talks.
Professor Thompson, who is attending the negotiations, said: “We’re only there as observers with a limited capacity to speak, whereas those from the industry have got a massive vested interest. They’re funded to be there. And it’s a bit of a David and Goliath battle.”
Image: Professor Richard Thompson
He continued: “It concerns me that I see some nations that are taking an increasingly short-sighted view, a view that’s perhaps driven by political cycles or short-run profits.
“You know, we need those leaders of countries, those negotiators, to take the long-term view to protect our planet for future generations.”
More than 430 million tonnes of plastic is produced each year.
But according to environmental charity WWF, around 11 million tonnes end up in the ocean each year as pollution.
And that’s expected to rise to 29 million tonnes a year by 2040.
There is wide consensus among countries that plastic pollution is a problem, but they are split over what to do about it.
The UK and more than 70 other nations that are part of a “High Ambition Coalition” want production and consumption of plastic reduced to sustainable levels.
But major oil producing nations and the chemical industry oppose any cuts.
The previous round of talks, in South Korea last year, collapsed in disagreement.
Professor Thompson is a founding member of the Scientists’ Coalition for an Effective Plastics Treaty.
‘Strong treaty’ still possible
He said previous negotiations have been swamped by lobbyists from the chemicals industry putting pressure on delegates – and that if a good agreement cannot be achieved, leading countries should look to work outside the United Nations framework.
Professor Thompson said: “Given that there are more than 100 nations that are already backing the level of ambition that’s required, I think it could be possible to take this out of the UN process, to have a strong treaty that will function to end plastic pollution, to start with those 100 or 120 or so countries and to add others over time.
“I think there’ll be a realisation for those that aren’t on board initially, that if they don’t join forces with that coalition of the willing, they’re going to suffer in terms of their own international trade and that it’s better to be part of that strong treaty than not to be.”
Plastic is so widely used because it’s cheap, durable and can take many forms. So production of new plastic will only fall if better use can be made of the material that already exists.
The company Project Plan B is working with the charity The Salvation Army to recycle polyester textiles.
They’ve installed the first machine of its kind to turn the material into plastic pellets that can be used to make yarn for new clothes.
Just a handful of the pellets is enough to make a T-shirt.
Tim Cross, the director of Project Plan B, said the aim is to make the recycling process a closed loop, so as little as possible escapes as waste or pollution.
“This makes much better use of that plastic,” he said.
Image: Thomas Moore and Tim Cross
“If we’re wasting it and losing it into the environment, that’s a terrible waste, and we mustn’t allow that to happen.”
The UK produces around 700,000 tonnes of textile waste each year. Almost all is landfilled or incinerated.
A major problem is that most clothes are made of mixed materials, which makes it uneconomical to recycle them.
A polyester shirt may have nylon buttons and cotton thread.
But Project Plan B has been working with school uniform maker David Luke on a blazer made completely out of polyester and 100% recyclable.
Image: The Project Plan B recycling plant
“These garments normally last on children’s backs for a couple of years and used as goalposts a few times. And then what?” said Mr Cross.
“We wanted to make sure that we can fully recycle the blazer through the system that we’ve got here, so we had to completely redesign it.
“This is groundbreaking, changing the way that clothing can be made.
“When you’ve got something that is recycled and recyclable, you’ve got an instant solution.”
Benjamin Netanyahu has said he will convene his security cabinet to discuss how to instruct Israel’s military to proceed in Gaza to meet all of his war goals.
“We must continue to stand together and fight together to achieve all our war objectives: the defeat of the enemy, the release of our hostages, and the assurance that Gaza will no longer pose a threat to Israel,” the Israeli prime minister told his cabinet.
It came after indirect ceasefire talks with Hamas, which had aimed to agree on a US-backed proposal for a 60-day truce, during which aid would be flown into Gaza and half of the hostages Hamas is holding would be freed in exchange for Palestinian prisoners jailed in Israel, fell apart.
Mr Netanyahu is believed to be leaning towards expanding the offensive in Gaza and seizing the entire enclave, according to Israel’s Channel 12, which cited an official from his office.
He will convene his cabinet on Tuesday to make a decision, Israeli media reported.
Image: Palestinians carry aid supplies. Pic: Reuters
Former Israeli prime minister Ehud Barak told Sky News chief presenter Mark Austin the war in the last several months has been “a war of deception”.
“It’s nothing to do with the security in Israel, and it has nothing to do with the future of the hostages. It’s basically a war to hold together the coalition and to save Netanyahu from the day of reckoning that will come inevitably when the war stops, when these criminal court cases of corruption will be accelerated. Basically, it’s totally unjustified.”
A group of around 600 retired Israeli security officials have written to Donald Trump to urge the US president to pressure Israel to bring the war to an immediate end.
“It is our professional judgement that Hamas no longer poses a strategic threat to Israel,” the letter said. “Your credibility with the vast majority of Israelis augments your ability to steer Prime Minister [Benjamin] Netanyahu and his government in the right direction: End the war, return the hostages, stop the suffering.”
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Gaza: A war of ‘deception’
Meanwhile, at least 40 Palestinians were killed by Israeli gunfire and airstrikes in Gaza on Monday, including 10 seeking aid, local medics said. Another five died of starvation, they added.
Aid groups say Israel’s latest measures to allow aid into the besieged enclave are not enough.
Image: Smoke rises after an explosion in Gaza. Pic: Reuters
Several hundred Palestinians have been killed by Israeli fire since May as they headed towards food distribution sites and aid convoys, according to witnesses, local health officials and the UN human rights office.
Israel’s military says it has only fired warning shots and disputes the number killed.
Image: Palestinians rush to collect humanitarian aid in Gaza. Pic: AP
Several countries have been airdropping aid to Gaza, though the UN and aid groups warn such drops are costly and dangerous for residents, and deliver less aid than trucks.
COGAT, the Israeli military agency that coordinates aid, said during the past week, more than 23,000 tons of humanitarian aid in 1,200 trucks had entered Gaza, but hundreds had yet to be driven to aid distribution hubs by UN and other international organisations.
Palestinian and UN officials said Gaza needs around 600 aid trucks to enter each day to meet its humanitarian requirements – the number Israel used to allow in before the war.
The war began when Hamas-led militants killed 1,200 people and took 251 hostage in an attack on southern Israel on 7 October 2023.
Israel’s offensive has since killed more than 60,000 Palestinians, according to the Hamas-backed health ministry, which does not differentiate between civilians and combatants in its count.
Israeli officials say 50 hostages remain in Gaza, with only 20 of those believed to still be alive.
The Kremlin has urged caution in nuclear rhetoric, responding for the first time to US President Donald Trump’s announcement that the US is repositioning nuclear submarines.
Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov played down the significance of Mr Trump’s comments, saying on Monday that US submarines are already on combat duty and that Moscow does not want to comment further.
Mr Trump said last Friday that he had ordered two submarines to be moved to “the appropriate regions” in response to remarks from former Russian president Dmitry Medvedev about the risk of war between the nuclear-armed powers.
“In this case, it is obvious that American submarines are already on combat duty. This is an ongoing process, that’s the first thing,” Mr Peskov told reporters.
“But in general, of course, we would not want to get involved in such a controversy and would not want to comment on it in any way,” he said. “Of course, we believe that everyone should be very, very careful with nuclear rhetoric.”
Mr Peskov said Moscow did not view Mr Trump’s statement as an escalation in nuclear tension.
“We do not believe that we are talking about any escalation now. It is clear that very complex, very sensitive issues are being discussed, which, of course, are perceived very emotionally by many people,” he said.
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He declined to answer directly whether Mr Medvedev, who currently serves as deputy chairman of the Security Council of Russia, was advised to tone down his online altercation with Mr Trump.
Image: The spat between former Russian president Dmitry Medvedev and Donald Trump intensified over nuclear rhetoric. Pic: Reuters
“Listen, in every country, members of the leadership… have different points of view on events that are taking place, different attitudes. There are people who are very, very tough-minded in the United States of America and in European countries, so this is always the case,” Mr Peskov said.
“But the main thing, of course, is the position of President (Vladimir) Putin. You know that in our country, foreign policy is formulated by the head of state, that is, President Putin.”
The spat between Mr Trump and Mr Medvedev flared up after the US president said he is reducing his 50-day deadline for Russia to end its war in Ukraine to less than two weeks.
Mr Medvedev posted on social media that Mr Trump was “playing the ultimatum game with Russia… Each new ultimatum is a threat and a step towards war”.
The US president responded: “Tell Medvedev, the failed former Russian president who thinks he is still in power, to be careful what he says. He is entering very dangerous territory.”
Image: A Russian air strike has set cars on fire and damaged buildings in Ukraine’s Kharkiv region. Pic: Sofiia Gatilova/Reuters
Medvedev’s following post mentioned “Dead Hand,” the automatic nuclear retaliation system created during the Soviet era.
Ukraine and Russia continue attacks amid stalled talks
Meanwhile, Russia and Ukraine continue exchanging strikes as peace talks to end the conflict remain stalled.
Ukraine’s security service said on Monday that its drones have attacked a Russian military airfield in Crimea, damaging several planes.
Image: US Special Envoy Steve Witkoff meets Vladimir Putin in the Kremlin.
The Ukrainian military also claimed it had attacked a Russian fuel depot at Sochi airport the previous day. Russian officials reported on Sunday that an overnight Ukrainian drone attack on an oil depot near the Black Sea resort of Sochi caused a large fire, which prompted authorities to halt flights from the airport.
Ukraine said on Monday its forces neutralised 161 out of 162 Russian drones launched overnight.
As the US deadline for the Russian president to agree to a ceasefire in Ukraine approaches, Mr Trump’s Special Envoy Steve Wikoff will be travelling to Moscow on Wednesday for talks.
Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky said Sunday that Ukraine and Russia have agreed to exchange 1,200 prisoners following their latest round of negotiations in Istanbul in July.
Mr Zelensky also said that his office is in communication with US partners and that “pressure on Russia can truly work – in a way that makes them feel the consequences of prolonging the war”.