An inquiry into undercover police operations into activist groups has concluded the deployments were unjustified and would have been “brought to a rapid end” if the public had known what was going on.
Retired judge Sir John Mitting, the inquiry’s chair, is examining the conduct of 139 undercover officers who spied on more than 1,000 mainly left-wing groups.
Male police spies were later found to have formed sexual relationships, and even fathered children, with female activists who were unaware of their true identity.
The Met has apologised for the “enormous distress that has been caused” and said undercover operations had gone through “radical reform”.
However, it refused to confirm or deny whether disruptive protest groups were still being infiltrated today.
The interim report published on Thursday looks at the period between 1968 when the Special Operations Squad (later renamed the Special Demonstration Squad) was formed, up until 1982.
It finds that some methods used, including the use of dead children’s identities “would have been bound to have given rise to legitimate public concern and to embarrassment to the commissioner and to his police authority – the home secretary”.
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The report also states: “Long term deployments into political groups inevitably required the undercover officer, male or female, to befriend members of the target groups and to enter into their personal and political lives.
“Putting to one side the risk that sexual relationships might develop, this intrusion into the lives of many hundreds of people in this era required cogent justification before it should have been contemplated as a police tactic.”
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Sir John says: “None of these issues appears to have been addressed by senior officers with the MPS (Metropolitan Police Service) or by Home Office officials during this period.”
He says a report in 1976 conducted by senior Met police officers into the operations concluded that the work of undercover officers was of “extreme importance” in helping to police public order functions.
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‘Stealing dead children’s identities and entering homes without warrants’
However, he finds that issues around the methods used were not examined.
While it is clear the government knew about these operations, what doesn’t emerge from the report is who at the highest level knew and signed off the tactics that Sir John says would have led to them being shut down.
Undercover unit ‘would have been shut down’
Sir John says: “If these issues had been addressed, it is hard to see how any conclusion could legitimately have been reached which would not have resulted in the closure of the SDS (Special Demonstration Squad).”
The report accepts that long-term infiltration of political single-issue groups could be justified “if its purpose was to prevent or investigate serious crime, including terrorist activity”, and notes such groups existed during the Cold War-era and the ‘Troubles’ in Northern Ireland.
In this first phase of the report, mostly covering the 1970s, it suggests three groups fell into this category, two not identified to the public in ‘closed’ evidence and the other being “(Provisional) Sinn Fein”.
However, it finds “the great majority of deployments by the SDS in this period did not satisfy either criterion”.
The principal purpose of infiltrating left-wing and anarchist groups was to control public order.
Under the Heath government (1970-74) the main concern was industrial unrest, and under Callaghan (1976-79) it was the infiltration of trade unions by the Communist Party of Great Britain and of the Labour Party by Militant Tendency.
While the report finds undercover policing did “make a real contribution”, it finds the same thing could have been achieved by “less intrusive means”.
Campaigners will have to wait another three years before the full findings are published, extending over a much longer period, to at least 2010.
But speaking after the first tranche today, ‘Jessica’ – who was tricked into a sexual relationship – said in a statement that the report revealed that SDS officers had used “racist, offensive and sexist language”.
“[It] shows the contempt with which they held campaigners – they had no guardrails, whether reporting on children or making salacious comments on people’s sexual activities,” she said.
Dave Smith, a trade unionist who was spied on, said thousands of construction workers had been blacklisted by employers as a result of police infiltrating meetings and picket lines.
He said it showed more wrongdoing by the Met and that “anyone involved in genuine civic society – trade unionists, environmental campaigners, political parties, that are perfectly legal” were seen as a legitimate target for surveillance.
In his “work in progress”, inquiry chair Sir John states: “Some issues are better addressed when all of the evidence about them is in, notably the impact of the conduct of male police officers on women deceived into sexual relationships with them, and on the families of the officers;
“The impact on the surviving relatives of deceased children of the adoption of their identity; and the purpose of gathering intelligence on ‘justice’ campaigns.
“For the same reason, I have also refrained from expressing any general conclusions about the attitude of police officers and managers within the unit towards deceitful sexual relationships during deployments.”
Met admits ‘legacy of hurt’
This will be a disappointment to campaigners already frustrated at the delays in the inquiry – launched in 2015 by then home secretary Theresa May and originally expected to conclude in 2018.
At the launch of this interim report, journalists were told many of the concerns – such as the impact on women by the conduct of male officers and the tactic of using dead children’s names – become “bigger issues in later years”.
Met Police said the report acknowledged some undercover work had been valuable in preventing disorder and that most officers performed their duties “conscientiously and in the belief that what they were doing was lawful”.
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Undercover work ‘different to 40 years ago’
Image: Police chiefs refused to say if officers were still infiltrating disruptive protest groups
However, it conceded a “legacy of hurt” had been caused by the “unacceptable and immoral behaviour” of some officers.
Commander Jon Savell said in a statement that he wanted to “reiterate the apologies made to women deceived by officers into sexual relationships, to the families of deceased children whose identities were used by officers, and to those who suffered a miscarriage of justice because of the actions of SDS officers”.
He said undercover policing had been transformed “with greater regulation, professional codes of practice, and judicial oversight” and “bears no relation” to the 1970s.
But when questioned by Sky News he repeatedly refused to say if infiltration operations are still being used today in regards to protest groups such as Extinction Rebellion.
Mr Savell insisted undercover work was a legitimate tactic that “protects people from crime”, adding: “I appreciate that people are going to want to know what is going on right now, but of course it wouldn’t be appropriate for me to confirm or deny exactly what is happening right now because it would compromise it.”
Hours after giving birth, with her son rushed away to a high dependency unit, as she lay broken and bleeding, Morgan Joines overheard a midwife blaming her.
Her son had been born with wet lung after an emergency and traumatic caesarean section.
“I overheard [the midwife] tell a student nurse I was the reason my son was ill, because I was too lazy to push,” she told Sky News.
“I was broken. I genuinely believed for ages afterwards that I had failed my son.
“I thought I was the reason he was ill.”
Her son was born at John Radcliffe Hospital in Oxford, part of the Oxford University’s Hospital Trust. Morgan is one of more than 500 families who say they have been harmed by maternity care at the Trust.
A taskforce, chaired by Mr Streeting and made up of experts and bereaved families, will first investigate up to ten of the most concerning maternity and neonatal units.
And campaigners – calling themselves the Families Failed by OUH Maternity Services – are calling for Oxford to be on that initial list.
‘I thought I was going to die’
The unit was rated “requires improvement” in its last inspection by the government’s watchdog, the Care Quality Commission, in April 2023.
The CQC flagged issues around maintaining patient dignity, and said medicines were not always safely stored and managed. The unit did not manage the control of infection consistently it said, and wards were not always kept clean.
One mum told the campaign group she thought she was going to die after being left alone while in labour and denied pain relief.
Another said she is reluctant to consider having another child and feels a “profound loss of trust in the NHS”.
Trust to meet campaign group
Yvonne Christley, Chief Nursing Officer at OUH, said she apologised “for not being able to respond in detail about individual patient cases”.
“We regret any instance where we fail to provide the service that women and their families should expect. When this happens, we make every effort to review individual cases to understand what went wrong and how we can improve.”
She said the trust “make every effort” to keep women and families informed of what action it has taken, and said it is committed to maintaining an open dialogue with community groups.
“The Trust has agreed to meet with the campaign group and is eager to collaborate with them to implement the necessary changes and restore confidence in our services. These meetings are currently being scheduled.”
Caesarean sections account for approximately 40% of all births at OUH.
A ‘degrading strip wash’
A few hours after Morgan’s son had been whisked away to another part of the hospital, a nurse tried to force her to take oramorph, a high strength painkiller, she said.
When she declined to take the drug, having previously had a bad reaction, she said staff “claimed I was being difficult”.
“[They said] to just take the meds and get it over and done with.”
Image: Morgan Joines overheard a midwife blaming her for her son’s condition when he was born
When Morgan was unable to get out of bed, she says the same nurse then gave her a “degrading” strip wash, without her consent.
The unit, she said, felt like it was against C-sections.
“Even though it was recommended by doctors that I had caesarean, it was medically necessary, I felt I should have done more to help him,” Morgan said.
Waiting eight hours for a C-section
When Kate* was 38 weeks pregnant with her third IVF baby, she was induced.
The doctors had tried to burst her waters, but realised her daughter was breech when the midwife felt her feet near the bottom of the birth canal, telling her: “I’m glad those didn’t break, I think I just felt a foot.”
At 11pm Kate reluctantly agreed to a C-section, but was told it was “safer to wait until the light of day” to go down to theatre.
She was sent away to an observation area experiencing intense contractions for more than six hours. In those hours, she said she was abandoned without pain relief and was bleeding.
“I felt so alone in the dead of night. My husband had been sent home, and I just wanted someone to talk to, someone to help me.
“I was in so much pain labouring but the midwife made me feel like a hypochondriac.”
She said the situation was escalating, she was becoming dehydrated, and her daughter’s heartrate was climbing, yet no one intervened.
A registrar who began his shift at 7am, examined her and rushed her immediately to theatre.
At this point she was 9cm dilated and the registrar was “shouting at me, telling me not to push.”
Kate’s daughter was her third IVF pregnancy, and she became emotional when she talked about what might have happened, had that registrar not examined her so quickly in the morning.
“They gambled with her life,” she said.
“If my waters had broken and that registrar wasn’t there, she would have started to come with her feet first. Both my boys had shot out, so I could be talking now as a mum who lost her child.
“It didn’t need to even get to that point.
“I should have had my C-section five hours earlier.”
After she had given birth, she was left “in a pool of my own blood, just covered in blood” and had to pull herself out of bed to clean up.
She said she joined the campaign in the hopes women will be listened to in the future and not have to endure what she did.
‘I can’t get my baby out’
Annika Weldon had three miscarriages before giving birth to her son.
“I remember lying on the ward, screaming in pain and none of the other ladies around me were screaming like I was,” she said.
“It didn’t feel right, obviously when you go into labour you expect you are going to be in pain, but I just knew there was something not right.”
The midwife who checked her when she was in active labour could not tell her if she was 1cm or 10cm dilated, she said.
“We spent 45 minutes trying to get my baby out but this midwife that I was with was just so uncaring, she didn’t really explain what I should be doing.”
Image: Annika Weldon miscarried three times before giving birth to her son
She had said early in the pregnancy she told doctors she wanted a C-section and “was told I couldn’t have one”.
“I kind of accepted that unless it was an emergency situation, I wouldn’t be able to have one but then in that moment I was like, I don’t know what else I can do here. I feel completely exhausted; I can’t get my baby out.
“I was just so tired and exhausted.”
Her son was born not breathing and she was haemorrhaging blood.
She was taken to emergency surgery and the last thing she remembers before waking up in the ward is throwing up in her hair.
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Maternity services investigated
She wasn’t told until much later the extent of her blood loss (2.5L) when she was struggling to pick up her own baby: “When I asked for help, I was made to feel like an inconvenience.”
‘OUH is particularly bad’
For Kim Thomas, co-founder of Families Failed by OUH Maternity Services and CEO of the Birth Trauma Association, these stories are nothing new.
But Oxford University Hospitals Trust is “particularly bad”, she says.
“They seem to have this incredibly arrogant attitude. They won’t take criticism.
Image: Kim Thomas, from the Birth Trauma Association
“Women who complain are routinely dismissed. There’s a failure to learn from mistakes.”
She says OUH also has “poor postnatal care”: “Dirty wards, blood on the floor, women left in their own blood, women not helped.”
Yvonne Christley, from OUH, said: “We are never complacent and welcome all feedback, whether positive or negative, as we learn from both.”
A Department of Health and Social Care spokesperson said: “Too many families have been devastated by serious failings in NHS maternity and neonatal care.
“They deserve swift answers, and urgent action is essential to prevent future tragedies.”
They said the government was “immensely grateful” to families for sharing their experiences.
“[We] will work closely with families on this journey to help ensure no parent or baby is ever let down again.”
The Oxford campaign group is growing daily, with more like Kate, Morgan and Annika joining the ranks of those calling for change.
And each day that passes without answers is a reminder of the trauma they endured.
“It still hurts to look back on. It’s taken a while for me to stop blaming myself, but it doesn’t get easier,” Morgan said.
Weight loss and diabetes jabs taken by more than a million people in the UK have been linked to a potential serious side effect, with some deaths, according to data from the UK medicines regulator.
New figures from the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) show the group of drugs that includes Mounjaro, Wegovy, and Ozempic may be associated with inflammation of the pancreas.
According to the MHRA, there have been 181 reported cases of acute or chronic pancreatitis linked to Mounjaro, with five deaths.
Wegovy and Ozempic have been linked with 113 reports of pancreatitis and one death.
Other, less widely used versions of so-called GLP-1 drugs have also been linked to cases and deaths.
There is no evidence that the drugs directly caused the deaths. And the evidence isn’t strong enough for the MHRA to restrict access.
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Weight loss drugs compared
That’s because pancreatitis also occurs in people who aren’t taking the GLP-1 drugs, with about 560 cases for every one million people in the general population. Gallstones and alcohol are the biggest causes.
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But the MHRA and Genomics England are launching a new study to see whether some people have genes that put them at higher risk of developing pancreatitis if they take GLP-1 drugs.
People reported through the MHRA’s ‘yellow card’ alert system to have pancreatitis while using the jabs will be asked to provide a saliva sample and their genes tested.
Professor Matt Brown, chief scientific officer of Genomics England, said: “GLP-1 medicines like Ozempic and Wegovy have been making headlines, but like all medicines, there can be a risk of serious side effects.
“We believe there is real potential to minimise these, with many adverse reactions having a genetic cause.
“This next step in our partnership with the MHRA will generate data and evidence for safer and more effective treatment through more personalised approaches to prescription.”
Image: Assortment of weight loss and diabetic drugs. Pic: iStock
The main symptoms of pancreatitis are severe pain in the centre of the tummy area, fever and nausea. Acute cases are treated in hospital with fluids and oxygen, and generally make a recovery within a few days.
But there can be complications, and around 5% of acute cases are fatal.
With all medicines, there is a balance of risk and benefit.
For people with type 2 diabetes or obesity, there are clear benefits to using the jabs.
They lower blood sugar levels, lead to rapid weight loss and reduce deaths from cardiovascular disease by a fifth.
But for people who are a bit overweight and have sourced the jabs privately to lose a few pounds ahead of their summer holiday, the health benefits are far less clear.
This is a wake-up call for them.
These are powerful medications with effects not just on appetite, but on lots of body organs, including the brain.
And pancreatitis is just one of many possible side effects.
Lilly, the UK manufacturer of Mounjaro, has said patient safety is its “top priority”.
The drug’s patient information leaflet “warns that inflamed pancreas (acute pancreatitis) is an uncommon side effect (which may affect up to 1 in 100 people),” the statement continued.
Lily “also advises patients to talk to their doctor or other healthcare professional before using Mounjaro if they have ever had pancreatitis,” it added.
A man has been found guilty of murdering a 14-year-old boy with a samurai sword as he walked to school in east London.
Marcus Arduini Monzo, 37, nearly decapitated Daniel Anjorin and attacked five others during a 20-minute rampage in Hainault on 30 April last year.
Prosecutors said he skinned and deboned his pet cat Wizard before trying “to kill as many people as he could” while under the influence of cannabis.
Monzo, a Spanish-Brazilian national from Newham in east London, admitted two charges of possessing an offensive weapon relating to two swords, which he said he bought for display purposes.
He claimed he had no memory of carrying out the attacks denied Daniel’s murder along with four charges of attempted murder, wounding with intent, aggravated burglary and possession of a bladed article.
He was cleared of one count of attempted murder – instead found guilty of wounding with intent to cause grievous bodily harm – and convicted of all other charges following a trial at the Old Bailey.
Image: Daniel Anjorin, 14, died in April last year. Pic: Metropolitan Police
The court heard Monzo was a “talented martial artist” and the jury was shown footage of him unboxing a samurai sword on 4 April last year.
In the four-minute video clip, he calls the weapon “freaking sexy” as he lunges towards the camera and makes different moves.
Image: Marcus Monzo with a samurai sword in footage shown during the trial
The court was also shown CCTV footage from the morning of 30 April, with audible screams in one clip as Monzo drove his grey Ford Transit van at speed into pedestrian Donato Iwule.
Mr Iwule told jurors: “I thought I was dying” and “I saw blood coming out of my neck”, after he was struck with a sword before running away.
Witnesses described how Monzo was running around “like a maniac” and “looked a bit mad, like there was nothing there”.
Daniel, who had left home at around 7am wearing headphones and school sports clothes, suffered “a near-decapitation” when Monzo attacked him with the weapon from behind, prosecutor Tom Little KC told the jury.
Image: Monzo was tasered by police. Pic: PA
PC Yasmin Mechem-Whitfield chased the armed attacker through alleyways before Monzo struck her three times with the 60cm blade using “extreme force”, the court heard.
He then entered a nearby house through the back door and walked upstairs before attacking sleeping couple Sindy Arias and Henry De Los Rios Polania, who he asked: “Do you believe in God?”
Mr Little said their lives were only spared because their four-year-old daughter, who was sleeping nearby, woke up and started to cry.
Monzo, who had been cornered by police, also struck Inspector Moloy Campbell once with the sword before he was finally disarmed and arrested after trying to climb onto a garage to escape.
Doorbell footage shows the moment officers shout: “Don’t move, don’t f****** move”, after he was brought to the ground by three separate taser discharges.
Monzo told police he had “many personalities”, including a “professional assassin”, and compared the events to The Hunger Games film franchise.
He wept while giving evidence as he said he did not intend to harm anybody and told jurors he had no memory of what happened.
He told how he had previously used psychedelic drugs and smoked cannabis “three or four times a week” before the attack, but denied doing so on the day.
Prosecutors said he likely suffered from a psychotic disorder with “schizophrenic-like symptoms”, including “delusional beliefs” that both he and his family were in “mortal danger”.
But Mr Little said his psychotic state was self-induced and did not meet the threshold for diminished responsibility.