Connect with us

Published

on

On 5 July 1948, the UK’s Health Secretary Aneurin Bevan officially started the NHS, back then a unique experiment to provide universal healthcare free at the point of use.

Seventy-five years on that ambition largely remains, enshrined in the 2011 NHS Constitution of guiding principles and pledges to the public.

But the reality is different, with data revealing access to healthcare is getting worse, inequalities are growing, and stark differences across the country are leaving large sections of the population behind.

Your address, your ethnicity, your gender, and above all else your socio-economic status are strongly tied to how long and healthy your life will be.

Average life expectancies in the UK have been increasing over time. They fell in 2020 following COVID, however progress had already started to slow before the pandemic.

Life expectancy is closely linked to poverty – more socially deprived people have lower life expectancies than those better off than them. This is called the social gradient.

This gap has widened has widened since 2013: by 0.7 years for men and 1.1 years for women.

Different areas of the country have large differences in life expectancy.

Red
areas have low life expectancies, while blue
areas have above average life expectancies.

Men in Knightsbridge, a very wealthy part of London, have an average life expectancy of 94.1 years – the highest in the country – living nearly 15 years longer than the average male.

Nearby in Westbourne, the average male life expectancy is nearly ten years less at 75.9 years.

Deaths from circulatory diseases and stroke are high in this area.

At just 66.6 years South Promenade in Blackpool has the lowest life expectancy for men in England.

Deaths from respiratory disease are high, at more than twice the rate in the average population.

Explore your area in the map below:

Postcode lottery – a north-south divide?

One of the places this gap between rich and poor is most pronounced is on The Wirral, which is home to both Birkenhead, an extremely deprived area with one of the lowest life expectancies, and Gayton, an affluent area with above average health.

Dr Laxman Ariaraj, a GP at Fender Way Health Centre who has been working in the Birkenhead area for 20 years, has witnessed health inequalities widen there over time.

He said: “Certainly access has become more difficult over that time, which would probably widen those wider determinants of health.

“The sheer volume of the people that we need to see is going to impact the amount of time we can spend doing things proactively.

“On a positive note, I think we’ve become more aware of it and that gives us an opportunity to try and do something about it.”

The government has committed to cutting NHS waiting lists, however across the country little progress has been made. The North West, where Birkenhead is located, is the worst affected region with the longest waits.

The NHS operational target is that 92% of people should be treated within 18 weeks following referral by a consultant. However, two fifths of the current 7.4 million waitlist for treatments have been waiting for longer.

The North West has experienced the biggest increase in waits in England, from 13% on the list more than four months in April 2019 (around average compared to other areas), up to 46.1% in the latest data for April 2023.

Overall, the waiting list has increased by more than three million from 4,315,000 in April 2019. At that time 87% of would-be patients had been waiting less than 18 weeks.

The situation in the north generally and the North West in particular is of even more concern given the health inequalities that already exist here.

There are some extremely disadvantaged neighbourhoods with higher levels of deprivation than in any areas of the country, such as Blackpool, and this plays a big part in poor health outcomes.

However, this doesn’t fully explain the health gap with other areas. At any cross section, London tends to have higher life expectancies, even though the areas are of similar socio-economic status:

There is no settled explanation for the phenomenon, but Dr Bola Owolabi, a GP in the Midlands and director of Health Inequalities at NHS England told Sky News that this may partly be explained by communities who are harder to track in official metrics.

Dr Owolabi said: “We recognise that there are other drivers beyond simply using the Index of Multiple Deprivation.

“For example, people experiencing homelessness or rough sleeping, and migrant communities may not show up in the data.”

Deprived areas have less access to resources

The current NHS crisis and treatment backlog affects everyone, but it may not be affecting everyone equally.

Analysis by The Health Foundation has shown a decrease in the proportion of people admitted to hospital after presenting at A&E due to bed rationing.

The most significant drop in emergency admissions was seen among people living in the most deprived areas, by 80,000 between 2019 and 2022. This was more than twice as much as the 35,000 decrease for those living in the least deprived areas.

Although the total number of days patients spent in hospital increased in most areas, it decreased for patients in the most deprived areas.

Patients in the most deprived areas in the country had 107,000 fewer days in hospital beds in 2022 compared to 2019. The net increase in bed days for emergency admissions was 329,000.

The challenge of training and retaining enough doctors and other healthcare staff to plug vacancies has also been a major challenge for the NHS in recent years to meet the needs of a growing and ageing population.

But more deprived areas have additional challenges with recruitment.

Sky News analysis has found that the local GP for someone living in one of England’s most deprived areas has, on average, a 61% higher patient workload than the average local GP for residents of the country’s wealthiest areas.

This gap has increased slightly since 2015, when it stood at 59%. That’s despite the government’s efforts to incentivise trainees to take up posts in under-served areas.

“The pressure on the NHS is potentially damaging the health of poorer people.”

The Marmot Review on health inequalities, first published in 2010 with a ten year follow up in 2020, concluded that inequalities in health and life expectancy result from social issues including employment, housing and deprivation.

Professor Sir Michael Marmot, director of The UCL Institute of Health Equity, told Sky News: “I’ve been saying for a long time that given the equity of access in the NHS, it’s highly unlikely that difficulties of access to treatment are playing a big role in the inequalities in health. I may need to modify that conclusion in the light of recent history.

“You’ve got it both ways: that the pressure on the NHS is potentially damaging the health of poorer people. And that the poor health of poorer people – because of social and economic inequalities in society – is potentially putting unbearable burden on the NHS.”

Ethnicity based inequalities

People from ethnic minority backgrounds tend to be disproportionately affected by deprivation.

Data from Ministry of Housing, Communities & Local Government suggests that ethnic minorities are far more likely to live in the most deprived 10% of neighbourhoods. 

They are also more likely to live in overcrowded conditions and low-income households – defined as living on less than 60% of the average net disposable household income. 

According to data from the latest census, more than a fifth of people from Asian backgrounds live in overcrowded conditions (having less than the required number of bedrooms).

People from black backgrounds are 6 times more likely to be living in overcrowded households than white people. 

Access to primary care health services is generally equitable for ethnic minority groups.  

However, people from ethnic minority groups are more likely to report being in poorer health and have higher mortality rates.

Research from the Health Foundation’s REAL Centre suggests that individuals from South Asian backgrounds, particularly Bangladeshi and Pakistani, have higher incidences of diagnosed chronic pain, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.  

The prevalence of diagnosed chronic pain is around three fifths higher among Bangladeshi and Pakistani individuals compared to white individuals.

People from black African ethnicities also have a higher prevalence of chronic pain. 

Chronic pain among other conditions is also prevalent in deprived neighbourhoods. The prevalence of diagnosed chronic pain is more than double in the most deprived neighbourhoods compared to the least deprived neighbourhoods. 

However, cancer is more prevalent for people from white backgrounds and almost double than for people from South Asian backgrounds.

Hope for addressing health inequalities

The National Healthcare Inequalities Improvement Programme was set up in 2021 to tackle healthcare inequalities and ensure equitable access to healthcare and it does provide some hope for tackling health inequalities.

The programme works to deliver projects and services targeted at people living in the most deprived areas in England and others who are disadvantaged.

This includes improving access to digital services and helping people gain employment.

Dr Owolabi said: “The NHS, as a commissioner, and provider of services, is able to materially influence health inequalities.”

Many cities have decided to focus extensively on implementing the policy changes envisaged by Marmot in his review.

These cities have been named ‘Marmot cities’ and have seen significant improvement in health inequalities.

There may be some early signs of success with the programme. Coventry was one of the first of these cities to adopt Marmot principles, and in the time since, Professor Marmot says: “The percentage of children aged five with a good level of development went up…

“The percentage of 18 to 24 year olds not in employment, education or training went up. And the proportion of people earning a real living wage went up.”

Sky News has contacted the Department of Health and Social Care for a response to our findings.


The Data and Forensics team is a multi-skilled unit dedicated to providing transparent journalism from Sky News. We gather, analyse and visualise data to tell data-driven stories. We combine traditional reporting skills with advanced analysis of satellite images, social media and other open source information. Through multimedia storytelling we aim to better explain the world while also showing how our journalism is done.

Continue Reading

UK

Child Q: Two Met Police officers committed gross misconduct over strip search of 15-year-old schoolgirl

Published

on

By

Child Q: Two Met Police officers committed gross misconduct over strip search of 15-year-old schoolgirl

Two Metropolitan Police officers committed gross misconduct during the strip search of a 15-year-old schoolgirl wrongly suspected of possessing cannabis, a misconduct hearing has found.

PCs Kristina Linge, Victoria Wray, and Rafal Szmydynski conducted the search of the black girl, known as Child Q, with no appropriate adult present at a school in Hackney, east London, in 2020.

Scotland Yard apologised, and the Children’s Commissioner for England, Dame Rachel de Souza, described the case as “shocking” after details of the incident emerged in 2022.

Please use Chrome browser for a more accessible video player

From March 2022 – Child Q: ‘Black girls should feel safe in school’

PCs Linge, Wray and Szmydynski suspected the girl was in possession of cannabis, but the police watchdog later determined no drugs were found in her bags or outer clothing.

At a police misconduct hearing in London today, Linge and Szmydytnski were found to have committed gross misconduct. They could potentially be dismissed when the sanctions are decided.

Wray was cleared of gross misconduct, but found to have committed misconduct.

The panel found she became involved in a “situation where the decision had been decided already”.

The case of Child Q drew outrage when it first came to light in March 2022 and sparked protests.

Crowds waved banners and placards reading "protect black kids" and "shame on you"
Protesters marched from Stoke Newington Police Station to Hackney Town Hall in London
Image:
In March 2022 crowds waved banners and placards reading ‘protect black kids’ and ‘shame on you’

The officers had been accused of treating Child Q differently due to her race, but Commander Jason Prins, chair of the misconduct panel, said: “We do not draw any inference that race was an effective cause of this incident.”

The panel found concerns about drugs and potential gang involvement were initially raised by school staff.

“Like many cases where stop and search is used, here the subject of the search was identified to police officers by other professionals rather than being by officers in the street,” Commander Prins added.

He said the problem was with the decision to conduct the strip search in the first place, finding it was “unnecessary” and “disproportionate”.

“There should never have been a strip search in these circumstances,” he said, accepting Child Q found it “humiliating and degrading”.

Read more from Sky News:
Europe ‘will need millions of drones’ to defend against possible Russian attacks
Mum who ‘heard midwife blame her for son’s illness’ calls for investigation

The panel did not find any officer breached professional behaviour standards relating to equality and diversity, or honesty and integrity.

During the misconduct case, the three officers gave evidence, and each said they were not influenced by subconscious bias.

Luke Ponte, for Linge, said they happened to be “three immigrant officers” who were “trying to do their best to their adopted country” as they were seeking to solve a problem.

Mr Ponte said: “These officers must not bear the entire weight of Child Q where there has been wider dysfunction as to how this came about.”

Breaches of the Met’s standards of professional behaviour found to amount to gross misconduct can lead to dismissal or a final written warning, according to the Independent Office for Police Conduct (IOPC).

A fourth officer will face a disciplinary meeting at a later date relating to no appropriate adult being present during the search. This is separate from this misconduct hearing, and it’s a lower level of discipline.

Commander Kevin Southworth, on behalf of the force, said in a statement after the verdict: “The experience of Child Q should never have happened and was truly regrettable.

“We have sincerely apologised to Child Q since this incident happened. Again, I am deeply sorry to Child Q and her family for the trauma that we caused her, and the damage this incident caused to the trust and confidence Black communities across London have in our officers.

“While the officers involved did not act correctly, we acknowledge there were organisational failings. Training to our officers around strip search and the type of search carried out on Child Q was inadequate, and our oversight of the power was also severely lacking.

“This left officers, often young in service or junior in rank, making difficult decisions in complex situations with little information, support or clear resources to help their decision-making.

“What happened to Child Q was a catalyst for change, both for the Met and for policing nationally.

“While we should not have needed an incident such as Child Q to check our approach, it has absolutely led us to improving our processes and significantly reducing the number of these types of searches carried out.

“It’s crucial we get this right to ensure the impact on young people is minimised as far as possible.

“Sadly, we know there are children in London being exploited to carry drugs and weapons for others as well as involved in criminality, so these types of searches have to remain within police powers. The work we have done since Child Q means we now have the right safeguards in place.”

Continue Reading

UK

500 families in Oxford call for maternity unit to be investigated

Published

on

By

500 families in Oxford call for maternity unit to be investigated

Hours after giving birth, with her son rushed away to a high dependency unit, as she lay broken and bleeding, Morgan Joines overheard a midwife blaming her. 

Her son had been born with wet lung after an emergency and traumatic caesarean section.

“I overheard [the midwife] tell a student nurse I was the reason my son was ill, because I was too lazy to push,” she told Sky News.

“I was broken. I genuinely believed for ages afterwards that I had failed my son.

“I thought I was the reason he was ill.”

Her son was born at John Radcliffe Hospital in Oxford, part of the Oxford University’s Hospital Trust. Morgan is one of more than 500 families who say they have been harmed by maternity care at the Trust.

On Monday, the health secretary, Wes Streeting, announced a “rapid” national investigation into NHS maternity services.

A taskforce, chaired by Mr Streeting and made up of experts and bereaved families, will first investigate up to ten of the most concerning maternity and neonatal units.

And campaigners – calling themselves the Families Failed by OUH Maternity Services – are calling for Oxford to be on that initial list.

Have you been affected? Contact the Sky News health team at NHSStories@sky.uk.

‘I thought I was going to die’

The unit was rated “requires improvement” in its last inspection by the government’s watchdog, the Care Quality Commission, in April 2023.

Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust has been rated "requires improvement" for its maternity services

The CQC flagged issues around maintaining patient dignity, and said medicines were not always safely stored and managed. The unit did not manage the control of infection consistently it said, and wards were not always kept clean.

One mum told the campaign group she thought she was going to die after being left alone while in labour and denied pain relief.

Another said she is reluctant to consider having another child and feels a “profound loss of trust in the NHS”.

Trust to meet campaign group

Yvonne Christley, Chief Nursing Officer at OUH, said she apologised “for not being able to respond in detail about individual patient cases”.

“We regret any instance where we fail to provide the service that women and their families should expect. When this happens, we make every effort to review individual cases to understand what went wrong and how we can improve.”

She said the trust “make every effort” to keep women and families informed of what action it has taken, and said it is committed to maintaining an open dialogue with community groups.

“The Trust has agreed to meet with the campaign group and is eager to collaborate with them to implement the necessary changes and restore confidence in our services. These meetings are currently being scheduled.”

Caesarean sections account for approximately 40% of all births at OUH.

A ‘degrading strip wash’

A few hours after Morgan’s son had been whisked away to another part of the hospital, a nurse tried to force her to take oramorph, a high strength painkiller, she said.

When she declined to take the drug, having previously had a bad reaction, she said staff “claimed I was being difficult”.

“[They said] to just take the meds and get it over and done with.”

Morgan Joines overheard a midwife blaming her for her son's condition when he was born
Image:
Morgan Joines overheard a midwife blaming her for her son’s condition when he was born

When Morgan was unable to get out of bed, she says the same nurse then gave her a “degrading” strip wash, without her consent.

The unit, she said, felt like it was against C-sections.

“Even though it was recommended by doctors that I had caesarean, it was medically necessary, I felt I should have done more to help him,” Morgan said.

Waiting eight hours for a C-section

When Kate* was 38 weeks pregnant with her third IVF baby, she was induced.

The doctors had tried to burst her waters, but realised her daughter was breech when the midwife felt her feet near the bottom of the birth canal, telling her: “I’m glad those didn’t break, I think I just felt a foot.”

At 11pm Kate reluctantly agreed to a C-section, but was told it was “safer to wait until the light of day” to go down to theatre.

She was sent away to an observation area experiencing intense contractions for more than six hours. In those hours, she said she was abandoned without pain relief and was bleeding.

“I felt so alone in the dead of night. My husband had been sent home, and I just wanted someone to talk to, someone to help me.

“I was in so much pain labouring but the midwife made me feel like a hypochondriac.”

CQC safety ratings

She said the situation was escalating, she was becoming dehydrated, and her daughter’s heartrate was climbing, yet no one intervened.

A registrar who began his shift at 7am, examined her and rushed her immediately to theatre.

At this point she was 9cm dilated and the registrar was “shouting at me, telling me not to push.”

Kate’s daughter was her third IVF pregnancy, and she became emotional when she talked about what might have happened, had that registrar not examined her so quickly in the morning.

“They gambled with her life,” she said.

“If my waters had broken and that registrar wasn’t there, she would have started to come with her feet first. Both my boys had shot out, so I could be talking now as a mum who lost her child.

“It didn’t need to even get to that point.

“I should have had my C-section five hours earlier.”

A chart showing the ongoing independent investigations into maternity care - starting with Morecambe Bay in 2015 and ending with Nottingham

After she had given birth, she was left “in a pool of my own blood, just covered in blood” and had to pull herself out of bed to clean up.

She said she joined the campaign in the hopes women will be listened to in the future and not have to endure what she did.

‘I can’t get my baby out’

Annika Weldon had three miscarriages before giving birth to her son.

“I remember lying on the ward, screaming in pain and none of the other ladies around me were screaming like I was,” she said.

“It didn’t feel right, obviously when you go into labour you expect you are going to be in pain, but I just knew there was something not right.”

The midwife who checked her when she was in active labour could not tell her if she was 1cm or 10cm dilated, she said.

“We spent 45 minutes trying to get my baby out but this midwife that I was with was just so uncaring, she didn’t really explain what I should be doing.”

Annika Weldon miscarried three times before giving birth to her son
Image:
Annika Weldon miscarried three times before giving birth to her son

She had said early in the pregnancy she told doctors she wanted a C-section and “was told I couldn’t have one”.

“I kind of accepted that unless it was an emergency situation, I wouldn’t be able to have one but then in that moment I was like, I don’t know what else I can do here. I feel completely exhausted; I can’t get my baby out.

“I was just so tired and exhausted.”

Her son was born not breathing and she was haemorrhaging blood.

She was taken to emergency surgery and the last thing she remembers before waking up in the ward is throwing up in her hair.

Please use Chrome browser for a more accessible video player

Maternity services investigated

She wasn’t told until much later the extent of her blood loss (2.5L) when she was struggling to pick up her own baby: “When I asked for help, I was made to feel like an inconvenience.”

‘OUH is particularly bad’

For Kim Thomas, co-founder of Families Failed by OUH Maternity Services and CEO of the Birth Trauma Association, these stories are nothing new.

But Oxford University Hospitals Trust is “particularly bad”, she says.

“They seem to have this incredibly arrogant attitude. They won’t take criticism.

Kim Thomas, from the Birth Trauma Association
Image:
Kim Thomas, from the Birth Trauma Association

“Women who complain are routinely dismissed. There’s a failure to learn from mistakes.”

She says OUH also has “poor postnatal care”: “Dirty wards, blood on the floor, women left in their own blood, women not helped.”

Yvonne Christley, from OUH, said: “We are never complacent and welcome all feedback, whether positive or negative, as we learn from both.”

A Department of Health and Social Care spokesperson said: “Too many families have been devastated by serious failings in NHS maternity and neonatal care.

“They deserve swift answers, and urgent action is essential to prevent future tragedies.”

They said the government was “immensely grateful” to families for sharing their experiences.

“[We] will work closely with families on this journey to help ensure no parent or baby is ever let down again.”

The Oxford campaign group is growing daily, with more like Kate, Morgan and Annika joining the ranks of those calling for change.

And each day that passes without answers is a reminder of the trauma they endured.

“It still hurts to look back on. It’s taken a while for me to stop blaming myself, but it doesn’t get easier,” Morgan said.

*Some names have been changed.

Continue Reading

UK

Three people taken to hospital after double-decker bus carrying students crashes into river in Hampshire

Published

on

By

Three people taken to hospital after double-decker bus carrying students crashes into river in Hampshire

Three people have been taken to hospital after a double-decker bus carrying sixth form students left the road and ended up in a river in Hampshire.

Emergency services were called to Bishopstoke Road, Eastleigh, at 10.07am on Thursday after the Bluestar bus left the road.

Three “high-priority” patients were taken to hospital – and 14 people were treated at the scene with less serious injuries.

The bus was carrying students from Barton Peveril Sixth Form College in Eastleigh.

A South Central Ambulance Service spokesman said it scrambled two helicopters and five ambulances to the scene.

The spokesman said: “We have sent multiple units to the incident including five ambulances, two helicopters, and specialist response units.

“We’re continuing to support and assess patients on scene. All patients have been removed from the bus. Three high priority patients are being taken to hospital. Around 14 with less serious injuries are being treated on scene.”

More from UK

The college posted on Facebook that an incident centre had been set up for parents and it was “working closely” with police.

It continued: “We ask that people do not attend the actual scene. For concerned parents, an incident centre has been established at The Hub at Bishopstoke.

“An officer and college staff will be available at The Hub to provide updates and address any questions you may have.”

A Hampshire Constabulary spokesman said: “We are currently dealing with an incident on Bishopstoke Road in Eastleigh, after College Bus 607 for Barton Peveril students left the carriageway into a river.

“Emergency services are in attendance and the road has been closed so please avoid the area.

“It is anticipated the road may be closed for up to 12 hours for investigation and recovery work.

“Everyone on the bus has been accounted for and all injured persons are being treated by the ambulance service.”

A Hampshire and Isle of Wight Fire and Rescue Service spokesman said: “We are on scene of an RTC involving one double decker bus that went off the road in Bishopstoke, Eastleigh.

“Fire crews from Eastleigh, St Mary’s, Redbridge, Hightown and Portchester are in attendance alongside emergency service colleagues.

“People are asked to avoid the area to help emergency services deal with this incident.”

Read more from Sky News
Weight loss jabs linked to side effect
Reform ‘would win most seats in general election’
Families call for maternity services to be investigated

Richard Tyldsley, Bluestar general manager, said: “One of our buses, carrying students to Barton Peveril College, was involved in an incident earlier this morning in Bishopstoke Road, Eastleigh.

“Reports suggest the bus left the highway and came to rest in a shallow river.

“There were 19 passengers on-board at the time. Our driver and at least two of the passengers have confirmed injuries, and we are awaiting further updates on the status of others on-board.

“We do not currently have full details of their injuries and are following their progress closely.

“Our thoughts are with everybody involved, and we wish those who were injured a full and speedy recovery.

“At this time, we do not know the circumstances behind this incident and are carrying out an immediate investigation. We are also assisting the police as they carry out their own inquiries.”

Continue Reading

Trending