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A giant poster on the road into the host city of this week’s NATO summit in Lithuania reads: “Ukraine deserves NATO membership now.”

That is what Kyiv would like to see, though it is not going to happen as long as Ukraine is in a fierce war with Russia.

Even after the fighting stops, a speedy accession to the transatlantic club is very unlikely, despite such a pathway being the strong desire of Vilnius and its fellow Baltic state capitals.

Yet the question about how close to hold Ukraine will dominate the two-day gathering of NATO leaders, including US President Joe Biden, the UK’s Rishi Sunak and President Emmanuel Macron of France, in the Lithuanian capital.

A top US diplomat told Sky News that Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, who will also attend, will be “relieved” when he hears what the allies have to offer on membership.

The poster in Vilnius
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The poster in Vilnius

“I think he will feel relieved to see the unity that the alliance is showcasing in this moment and the full package of concrete deliverables that the alliance is prepared to offer,” Julianne Smith, the US ambassador to NATO, said in an interview.

But a Ukrainian military source said there was already a sense of “big disappointment”.

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“We understand that we can’t change a lot but feel ourselves betrayed as a nation,” the source said.

“NATO was created to deter Russia. Now Ukraine, with support of NATO, is deterring and weakening Russia. Ukraine is now conducting Article 5 by itself to protect Poland and the Baltic states.”

The source was referring to the founding Article 5 principle of the alliance that an attack on one member state is considered an attack on all and requires a collective response. Any nation, like Ukraine, that is not a member is not afforded this protection.

The overtures to Ukraine are expected to take two, separate forms.

Firstly, there will be a commitment by allies in a final communique at the end of the summit to some kind of route for NATO membership that goes further than a general pledge made in 2008 that the door to joining the alliance was open.

US President Joe Biden arrives in Vilnius
Image:
US President Joe Biden arrives in Vilnius

As part of this, allies are expected to ditch a requirement for Ukraine to complete a process known as a membership action plan that involves lengthy political and military reforms.

They will also convene the first meeting of a NATO-Ukraine Council, a new arrangement designed to let Kyiv deal with allies on a more equal footing.

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All this falls well short of a clear invitation to join the club that Ukraine had been seeking.

But NATO is an alliance that works by consensus so can only ever move at the pace of the most reluctant – as demonstrated most recently by Turkey’s behaviour over a historic bid by Sweden to become a member state.

Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan only lifted his veto on Swedish membership on the eve of the summit, despite a large majority of allies backing Stockholm’s bid. Even then Ankara has yet to set a firm date for when the Turkish parliament will ratify the accession agreement.

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Zelenskyy will be ‘relieved’ after Lithuania summit, says US ambassador to NATO.

Hungary too has yet to rubber stamp Sweden’s joining papers.

It means Stockholm is still outside the club and Swedish membership is far less controversial than inviting a country that is locked in a war of survival with Russia to join NATO.

The Swedish experience is a clear signal that Ukrainian membership – while agreed in principle by all allies – is not likely to happen quickly.

That is why the second step that might emerge in Vilnius is so important.

Individual member states led by the US, UK, France and Germany – rather than NATO as a collective – are finalising a framework agreement that will set out a series of long-term security guarantees that they will grant Ukraine short of speedy NATO membership.

These guarantees, such as enduring commitment to provide weapons, intelligence and other security assistance, will provide long-term support to Ukraine in its war and an element of deterrence from future attacks once the fighting stops.

It is a kind of buffer while Kyiv navigates a path to full membership to NATO.

Included on the table is the option of the kind of “Israel-style” security assurances that the United States provides to the Israeli government. This was first raised by Mr Biden in an interview with CNN at the weekend.

It is not clear whether the allies involved in this initiative – which is separate but complementary to the NATO discussions – will reach an agreement before the summit concludes but Vilnius would provide a timely backdrop to offset Ukrainian disappointment over its NATO aspirations.

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China dominates renewables – and this project shows why

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One year on from Donald Trump’s election win, an untold story has emerged

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One year on from Donald Trump's election win, an untold story has emerged

It’s a year since the US put Donald Trump back in the White House and I’ve spent this anniversary week in Florida and in Pennsylvania – two worlds in one country where I found two such contrasting snapshots of Trump’s America.

There are many ways to reflect on the successes and failures of the past year. Different issues matter to different people. But the thing which matters to all Americans is money.

The cost of living was a key factor in Donald Trump’s victory. He promised to make the country more affordable again. So: how’s he done?

On Wednesday, exactly a year since Americans went to the polls, the president was in Miami. He had picked this city and a particular crowd for his anniversary speech.

I was in the audience at the America Business Forum as he told wealthy entrepreneurs and investors how great life is now.

“One year ago we were a dead country, now we’re considered the hottest country in the world.” he told them to cheers. “Record high, record high, record high…”

The vibe was glitzy and wealthy. These days, these are his voters; his crowd.

“After just one year since that glorious election, I’m thrilled to say that America is back, America is back bigger, better, stronger than ever.” he said.

“We’ve done really well. I think it’s the best nine months, they say, of any president. And I really believe that if we can have a few more nine months like this, you’d be very happy. You’d be very satisfied.”

There was little question here that people are happy.

Liz Ciborowski says Trump has been good for the economy
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Liz Ciborowski says Trump has been good for the economy

“Trump’s been a good thing?” I asked one attendee, Liz Ciborowski.

“Yes. He has really pushed for a lot of issues that are really important for our economy,” she said.

“I’m an investor,” said another, Andrea.

“I’m a happy girl. I’m doing good,” she said with a laugh.

Andrea says she's happy with how the economy is faring
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Andrea says she’s happy with how the economy is faring

A year on from his historic victory, the president was, notably, not with the grassroots folk in the places that propelled him back to the White House.

He had chosen to be among business leaders in Miami. Safe crowd, safe state, safe space.

But there was just one hint in his speech which seemed to acknowledge the reality that should be a concern for him.

“We have the greatest economy right now,” he said, adding: “A lot of people don’t see that.”

That is the crux of it: many people beyond the fortunate here don’t feel the “greatest economy” he talks about. And many of those people are in the places that delivered Trump his victory.

That’s the untold story of the past year.

A thousand miles to the north of Miami is another America – another world.

Steelton, Pennsylvania sits in one of Donald Trump’s heartlands. But it is not feeling the beat of his greatest economy. Not at all.

At the local steel union, I was invited to attend a meeting of a group of steel workers. It was an intimate glimpse into a hard, life-changing moment for the men.

The steel plant is shutting down and they were listening to their union representative explaining what happens next.

David Myers used to be employed at the steelworks
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David Myers used to be employed at the steelworks

The conversation was punctuated with all the words no one wants to hear: laid off, severance, redundancy.

“For over 100 years, my family has been here working. And I was planning on possibly one day having my son join me, but I don’t know if that’s a possibility now,” former employee David Myers tells me.

“And…” he pauses. “Sorry I’m getting a little emotional about it. We’ve been supplying America with railroad tracks for over a century and a half, and it feels weird for it to be coming to an end.”

Cleveland Cliffs Steelton plant is closing because of weakening demand, according to its owners. Their stock price has since surged. Good news for the Miami crowd, probably. It is the irony between the two Americas.

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Steelton in Pennsylvania
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Steelton in Pennsylvania

Down at the shuttered plant, it’s empty, eerie and depressing. It is certainly not the image or the vision that Donald Trump imagined for his America.

Pennsylvania, remember, was key to propelling Trump back to the White House. In this swing state, they swung to his promises – factories reopened and life more affordable.

Up the road, conversations outside the town’s government-subsidised homes frame the challenges here so starkly.

“How much help does the community need?” I asked a man running the local food bank.

Elder Melvin Watts is a community organiser
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Elder Melvin Watts is a community organiser

“As much as they can get. I mean, help is a four-letter word but it has a big meaning. So help!” community organiser Elder Melvin Watts said.

I asked if he thought things were worse than a year ago.

“Yes sir. I believe they needed it then and they need it that much more now. You know it’s not hard to figure that out. The cost of living is high.”

Nearby, I met a woman called Sandra.

Sandra says it's getting harder to make ends meet
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Sandra says it’s getting harder to make ends meet

“It’s been harder, and I’m a hard-working woman.” she told me. “I don’t get no food stamps, I don’t get none of that. You’ve got to take care of them bills, eat a little bit or don’t have the lights on. Then you have people like Mr Melvin, he’s been out here for years, serving the community.”

Inside Mr Melvin’s food bank, a moment then unfolded that cut to the heart of the need here.

A woman called Geraldine Santiago arrived, distressed, emotional and then overwhelmed by the boxes of food available to her.

“We’ll help you…” Mr Melvin said as she sobbed.

Geraldine's welfare has been affected by the shutdown
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Geraldine’s welfare has been affected by the shutdown

Geraldine is one of 40 million Americans now not receiving the full nutritional assistance programme, known as SNAP, and usually provided by the federal government.

SNAP benefits have stopped because the government remains shut down amid political deadlock.

I watched Geraldine’s rollercoaster emotions spilling out – from desperation to gratitude at this moment of respite. She left with a car boot full of food.

A year on from his victory, Donald Trump continues to frame himself as the “America First” president and now with an economy transformed. But parts of America feel far, far away.

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Pirates firing machine guns and rocket-propelled grenades board tanker off Somalia coast

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Pirates firing machine guns and rocket-propelled grenades board tanker off Somalia coast

Pirates firing machine guns and rocket-propelled grenades have boarded a tanker off the coast of Somalia.

Greek shipping company Latsco Marine Management confirmed its vessel, Hellas Aphrodite, had been attacked in the early hours of Thursday.

The tanker, which was carrying fuel, was en route from India to South Africa when a “security incident” took place, the firm said.

“All 24 crew are safe and accounted for and we remain in close contact with them,” it added in a statement.

The crew members took shelter in the ship’s “citadel”, or fortified safe room, and remain there, an official from maritime security company Diaplous said.

The United Kingdom Maritime Trade Operations (UKMTO) agency issued an alert to warn ships in the area.

It located the vessel 560 nautical miles southeast of Eyl, Somalia, in the Indian Ocean. Eyl became famous in the mid-2000s as the centre of a string of piracy attacks.

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“The Master of a vessel has reported being approached by one small craft on its stern. The small craft fired small arms and RPGs [rocket-propelled grenades] towards the vessel,” UKMTO said in a statement.

EU forces move in on tanker

The European Union’s Operation Atalanta, a counter-piracy mission around the Horn of Africa, said one of its assets was “close to the incident” and “ready to take the appropriate actions”.

That EU force has responded to other recent pirate attacks in the area and had issued a recent alert that a pirate group was operating off Somalia and assaults were “almost certain” to happen.

Private security firm Ambrey has claimed that Somali pirates were operating from an Iranian fishing boat they had seized and had opened fire on the tanker.

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Pirate gangs resume attacks

Thursday’s attack comes after another vessel, the Cayman Islands-flagged Stolt Sagaland, found itself targeted in a suspected pirate attack that included both its armed security force and the attackers shooting at each other, the EU force said.

The vessel’s operator Stolt-Nielsen confirmed there was an attempted attack, early on 3 November, which was unsuccessful.

Somali pirate gangs have been relatively inactive in recent years. In May 2024, suspected pirates boarded the Liberian-flagged vessel Basilisk. EU naval forces later rescued the 17 crew members.

Meanwhile, the last hijacking took place in December 2023, when the Maltese-flagged Ruen was taken by assailants to the Somali coast before Indian naval forces freed the crew and arrested the attackers.

Hellas Aphrodite was en route from Sikka, India, to Durban, South Africa.

The Malta-flagged tanker is described as an oil/chemical tanker, 183m long and 32m wide, which was built in 2016, according to vesselfinder.com.

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