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“I just wanted to save my life,” says Dhanabal, who came to Britain from India to study. But it was only the visa that came with the university place that interested him, and his plan was always to stay on after it expired.

The 26-year-old relies on cash-in-hand jobs to survive, waiting in Sheffield for a call from a mystery man he calls “the boss” to give him construction or cleaning work for “pocket money” and food.

“I had no idea when I came to the UK how my life would be – I just wanted to leave India,” says softly spoken Dhanabal, who is wearing a grey tracksuit, with a neat haircut and beard. “I didn’t think about what it would be like here.”

Dhanabal – we’re not using his family name – says his politics got him into trouble with the Indian police and he paid an agency £7,000 to arrange a university place in Britain.

Dhanabal
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Dhanabal’s story is a rare insight into the life of a visa overstayer

Sky News has seen a copy of his passport, which shows he arrived in 2021 on a student visa that was due to expire a few months ago.

He did a month of a master’s course in business management at a university in the north of England, he says, but found it “too hard”. The college where Dhanabal was given a place told us they couldn’t comment on individual cases because of student confidentiality.

His story is a rare insight into the world of those who overstay their visas and go underground.

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But with net migration to the UK at record levels – 606,000 people came to Britain from abroad during the 12 months to December 2022 – Sky News can reveal the government has no public data on the scale of those who overstay their visa and fail to return to their country of origin.

The system has “collapsed”, says Vasuki Murahathas, who has worked as an immigration solicitor for 24 years. She estimates the number of calls from overstayers asking for advice has gone up 50% in the last year. There’s no way of independently verifying this.

Her desperate clients want to know how to switch to working visas – which she says the government has just made more difficult – or find other ways to legally stay in the UK.

People “disappear and hide”, she says, because they can’t find sponsors for jobs, often falling into poverty and low paid cash-in-hand work when they can’t find a way to sort out their immigration situation.

“Some are really suffering,” she says. “The government is allowing people to come as students – they want more people to come as skilled workers but people are misusing the system to enter the UK.

“Some people are coming knowing they can overstay and no one can do anything.”

Vasuki Murahathas
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Immigration solicitor Vasuki Murahathas

Dhanabal is not the only person who is struggling to survive after coming to the UK on a student visa which has now either been curtailed or expired.

Suresh, 35, shows us into a back garden in London where he is mowing the lawn and tidying the pathway. He tugs on the green jumper he is wearing, as he explains how he has been given clothes, not money, in exchange for his day’s work.

“Sometimes people offer me food, sometimes I get £10 or £20,” he says matter-of-factly. “Sometimes I do gardening or cleaning jobs. I don’t get work every day. It’s a hard life. One day I will be okay.”

Suresh has lived like this for seven years after arriving from India on a student visa. He didn’t start the course at the university in Wales where he was awarded a place.

“I don’t want to go to college,” he admits.

Suresh
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Suresh is paid in clothes for clearing a garden

Some 1.1 million prospective students and their family members who came on study visas from January 2021 to March 2023.

But the Home Office told Sky News it can’t provide data on exactly how many people have overstayed visas over the last three years.

The most recent statistics available are for the year ending March 2020 – which showed there were 1.9 million visas that expired during that time. There was no record of departure for 83,600 people whose work, study or family visa expired in that period.

Of that number, there were 54,689 people who arrived on tourist visas and 7,236 people who came on student visas unaccounted for.

Universities in the UK rely on the millions of pounds foreign students bring with them in tuition fees. According to data from the HESA – the statutory data collection agency for UK higher education institutions – there were 679,970 international students studying in the UK in 2021/22.

‘Overstaying is against the law’

But potential abuse of student visas as a way to get to the UK means universities are under pressure to weed out applicants who aren’t genuine.

The body which represents universities in the UK says targets set by the government for course completion and enrolment by international students are currently being met.

Some 85% of international students must complete their course, and 90% must at least enrol otherwise a university is at risk of being banned from recruiting from abroad.

Jamie Arrowsmith, director of Universities UK International, says the sector is “very well” equipped to address the issue and is “trying to ensure that those people that are applying to come to the UK” are “genuine students and that they’re here to study”.

A Home Office spokesperson says: “Those who have no right to remain in the UK and do not return home voluntarily should be in no doubt of our determination to remove them. Overstaying is against the law, unnecessarily costs the taxpayer money, and is unfair on law-abiding migrants who come to the UK through the legal channels.”

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Patrick Nolan: Man jailed for sex attack on woman who tried to fit him with electronic tag

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Patrick Nolan: Man jailed for sex attack on woman who tried to fit him with electronic tag

A criminal who carried out a knifepoint sex attack on a woman who went to his house to fit him with an electronic tag has been jailed for four-and-a-half years.

Patrick Nolan, 39, preyed on the woman at his home in the Western Isles on 25 May this year.

The G4S employee had gone to Nolan’s address after the monitoring tag he had been wearing as part of a restriction of liberty order (RLO) malfunctioned.

As the woman was about to leave, Nolan – who had been drinking – retrieved a long-bladed knife from the kitchen and demanded: “Take your clothes off.”

When she resisted, he grabbed at her clothing and during the struggle left her with a “minor laceration” to her hand.

After physically resisting him, the woman talked Nolan down by speaking “calmly” to him.

A court heard how she told him he “didn’t have to do this”, before eventually fleeing for safety and alerting her bosses and the police.

Nolan last month pleaded guilty to the sexual assault at the High Court in Edinburgh.

Sentencing Nolan at the same court on Monday, judge Lady Ross told him the woman had been carrying out her duties as a field monitoring officer when he attacked her.

Lady Ross told the offender, who appeared from prison via videolink: “You assaulted her with the intention of raping her. Fortunately, the complainer took control of the situation.”

Nolan was handed an extended sentence, with four-and-a-half years in jail and two years on licence once released back into the community.

The court had previously heard how the woman called her supervisor following the attack but became so distressed she struggled to breathe.

And when she contacted Police Scotland, she was described as being “clearly in a state of distress and close to tears”.

Lady Ross said: “As a result of your actions this person experienced real distress. That is not surprising.

“It is only thanks to her professionalism, her quick thinking and her resilience that the situation was not worse.”

Read more from Sky News:
Man accused of sexually assaulting boy at campsite dies in prison
Teenager sentenced for New Year’s Eve murder of 16-year-old

The judge said the woman had been carrying out an “important and often difficult duty” as part of the criminal justice system, and she “deserved to be treated with respect”.

“Your assault, especially a sexual assault, particularly against a person in the course of her employment, is a very serious matter,” she added.

Lady Ross told Nolan that with more than 30 previous convictions, including theft and road traffic offences, he presented a “risk of harm” to the public, and that an extended sentence was necessary.

He was additionally placed on the sex offenders’ register indefinitely and was banned from contacting his victim.

Defence solicitor advocate Shahid Latif told the court his client wished to “express his remorse, regret and apologies” to the woman.

The lawyer added: “He has told me in terms that no one should have had to go through what happened that day.”

Mr Latif said the conviction was “a crossroads in his life” for Nolan and he has indicated he will engage with any programmes available to him in prison.

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The rise of Christian nationalism in Britain

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The rise of Christian nationalism in Britain

Bishop Ceirion Dewar rejects the Church of England as heretics. Instead, he gathers his flock under a gloomy sky on a beach in Cornwall.

More than 20 people answered the call he made on social media – one wears a T-shirt saying Jesus is King.

Another wears a Union Jack anorak with a T-shirt emblazoned “UTK” – Unite the Kingdom – the movement organised by anti-Islam campaigner Tommy Robinson.

Wearing a white robe over a wetsuit, Dewar strides down the beach and prepares for a mass baptism.

His voice booms out: “In the name of Jesus Christ, I gladly baptise you!”

Critics call Dewar “the far-right bishop” – a label he rejects.

But he does represent a new type of Christianity – more militant, more political – and one that is on the rise.

Several of those here came because they saw Dewar preaching fire and brimstone at Robinson’s Unite the Kingdom march on 13 September.

And they are ready to follow him into the cold waters of the Celtic Sea. One by one, he blesses them, then plunges them under the waves. Afterwards, they hug. Some are euphoric.

Bishop Ceirion Dewar performs a mass baptism in Bude
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Bishop Ceirion Dewar performs a mass baptism in Bude

Fergus Worrall drove from Bristol with his girlfriend Louise French; both were baptised.

“I saw Ceirion’s speech at the Unite the Kingdom rally, and it was just epic,” Worrall says. “I mean, I just loved it.”

Worrall says he used to be “fairly lefty”. After trying Buddhism and New Age practices, he came to Christianity. But Dewar’s appeal is not just religious – online he decries immigration and the influence of Islam, a message that “chimed”.

“We are a Christian culture, a Christian nation. And I do feel like we have lost a lot of that.”

A month earlier, Dewar had addressed the 150,000-strong crowd at the Unite the Kingdom march in London, bishop’s crook in hand, his voice thundering out over Westminster: “God, you have not abandoned Britain!”

When he looked out, he saw not just British and English flags, but wooden crosses and depictions of Jesus.

It was not his first appearance with Robinson. The year before, he spoke at another rally in Whitehall and said: “This nation of ours is under attack! We are at war! We are at war not just with the Muslim, not just with wokeness.”

People stand with crucifixes at the Unite the Kingdom rally, in central London on 13 September
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People stand with crucifixes at the Unite the Kingdom rally, in central London on 13 September

This is something new and growing – a movement that has long marched against immigration, against Islam, is now marching behind the cross.

I ask Dewar what for him, as a Christian, is the appeal of Robinson.

“It’s not the appeal of Tommy Robinson, per se,” he says. “It was the opportunity that he afforded to me to stand in front of that many people and to both pray for the people and this nation.”

Sky's Data and Forensics correspondent Tom Cheshire interviews Bishop Ceirion Dewar on a beach in Cornwall
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Sky’s Data and Forensics correspondent Tom Cheshire interviews Bishop Ceirion Dewar on a beach in Cornwall

Dewar was marching front and centre with Robinson. He may be borrowing an audience from Robinson, but he’s also effectively endorsing him, I suggest – and doing so in a bishop’s garb.

“I don’t think that at all. I’m very clear on what I endorse, and my political views are public and well-founded.

“My stand with Tommy is not necessarily political. It’s a man that has surrendered his life to Christ, and he’s on that journey of faith and trying as a good shepherd to help lead him in that and to shape that faith in a way that is beneficial to him.”

I ask him whether he truly thinks we are “at war” with the Muslim.

Bishop Ceirion Dewar
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Bishop Ceirion Dewar

“Unfortunately, what I was trying to convey, having listened to an entire day’s worth of speeches, didn’t come across quite the way I’d hoped to have expressed it,” Dewar says.

“The problem for me is I understand we’re a multi-ethnic, multicultural, multi-faith Britain, but when you have so many elements that refuse to get into the great melding pot of multiculturalism, but remain outside and try and force that culture, force that religious system, force that legal system into an existing culture, then there’s always going to be problems.

“I would love to see more Christianity at the heart of our politics. I would like to see Christian principles once again driving our legal system.”

Many on the hard and far right agree with him – and increasingly link an anti-Islam agenda with a Christian identity. That also adds grandeur to grassroots street politics, elevating a culture war into a clash of civilisations.

UKIP, which has become more explicitly nationalist since the departure of Nigel Farage as party leader, says in its manifesto that it will “declare war on radical Islam and place Christianity back into the heart of government”.

Online, people call for a “holy war”. Katie Hopkins, the far-right commentator who also marched shoulder to shoulder with Robinson, said in a recent interview: “Certainly the time of the crusades will need to come again… We are overrun.”

One group organising online, with more than 50,000 followers, uses Christian imagery as part of its pledge to “hunt down Muslims”.

Dr Maria Power, author of The Church, the Far Right, and the Claim to Christianity, describes this as “Christian nationalism” and says it has a precedent in the UK, especially in Northern Ireland, where Britishness and Christianity were often equated.

“But really, I’ve seen it increase since we’ve seen the power of Christian nationalism in the states develop. You start to see inklings of it, probably about four or five years ago. Particular pastors talking this way, podcasts emerging, and content emerging on places like YouTube. And it’s very easy to fall down the rabbit hole of the algorithm, isn’t it?”

Ceirion Dewar rejects the term Christian nationalism, which he sees as specific to the United States, a country that has a different tradition of public, political Christianity. And it’s true that he and others have been advocating and preaching a more muscular Christianity since at least 2016 and the Brexit referendum.

One of his friends is Rikki Doolan, who belongs to the Spirit Embassy, a church in London with British-Zimbabwean origins. (A 2023 investigation by Al Jazeera accused Doolan and others in the church of being involved in money laundering, an accusation Doolan describes as “fake news and a false narrative”.)

It was Doolan who “converted” Tommy Robinson to Christianity three weeks before the latter left prison earlier this year. Doolan says it is “a new journey” for Robinson.

Tommy Robinson stands at the start of the Unite The Kingdom protest in central London
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Tommy Robinson stands at the start of the Unite The Kingdom protest in central London

Doolan was also on stage at UTK. I ask him about some of the statements made there, including by a Belgian politician, that “Islam does not belong in Europe and Islam does not belong in the UK”. He says he disagrees with that “because it’s not realistic”. But “if we can’t fix the problem, then that makes more sense. But I would like to try and fix it first”.

Doolan and Dewar stand outside the established Church. But the majority of Christians in the UK still belong to the Church of England.

Dr Sam Wells is the vicar of St Martin’s-in-the-Field, a Church of England church on the corner of Trafalgar Square in London. He was holding an annual service commemorating victims of suicide when Robinson’s march came right up to the square, resulting in skirmishes with the police. Wells says his congregation was “hurt” by the Christian imagery on display.

“The gestures of the cross, the Christian symbols, are about love and understanding and peace and gentleness and they’re being thrust in people’s faces as weapons,” he says. “I think that’s very painful.”

Wells was one of the senior clergy leaders who signed an open letter denouncing Robinson’s march as a “corruption” of the Christian faith, saying the cross was being “co-opted” by the far right. Dewar in turn wrote his own letter denouncing the Anglican hierarchy for seeking “polite applause in editorial offices and political chambers”, calling on them to “repent”.

Dr Wells says Dewar’s letter is “very well expressed but I think it’s nonsense”.

“Christian values, what does that actually mean? I think it means love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness. An institution or a church or a preacher has a right to be called Christian if they look like Jesus. Those marches didn’t look like Jesus to me. They looked like the kind of people who were attacking Jesus in Holy Week.

“I think they’re reading a different Bible from the one I’m reading.”

If the talk is of winning, well there are very different battlegrounds.

The cloisters versus a Cornish beach.

Dewar has several mass baptisms planned across the country; so does Doolan.

This is not just about the extreme right using Christianity for their own ends; it’s just as much some Christians using the far right to reach new audiences.

A new Christian politics, in all sorts of ways and all sorts of places, is on the march.

People hold crucifixes at the Unite The Kingdom rally in central London
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People hold crucifixes at the Unite The Kingdom rally in central London


The Data and Forensics team is a multi-skilled unit dedicated to providing transparent journalism from Sky News. We gather, analyse and visualise data to tell data-driven stories. We combine traditional reporting skills with advanced analysis of satellite images, social media and other open source information. Through multimedia storytelling we aim to better explain the world while also showing how our journalism is done.

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Worst areas for uninsured driving revealed – as hit-and-run victim says he was ‘left for dead’

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Worst areas for uninsured driving revealed - as hit-and-run victim says he was 'left for dead'

The worst offending areas for uninsured driving in the UK have been revealed – as a hit-and-run victim described how he was “left for dead” with catastrophic injuries.

Every 20 minutes, someone in the UK is hit by an uninsured or hit-and-run driver, the Motor Insurers’ Bureau (MIB) said, based on claims from over 26,000 victims each year.

Every day, at least one person is so seriously injured by an uninsured or hit-and-run driver that they need life-long care and every week, at least one person is killed by an uninsured driver, according to the bureau.

Thurrock in Essex is the worst offending area for uninsured driving, according to claim data from the MIB, a non-profit organisation created to protect people from the impact of uninsured and hit-and-run drivers.

Four different postal areas in Birmingham are among the 15 hotspots highlighted by the MIB, with areas in Peterborough, Manchester, Belfast and Havering also named due to housing a large number of defendants per 1,000 residents.

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Map shows worst areas for uninsured driving in UK

The 15 worst postal areas for uninsured driving
• 1. Thurrock (RM19)
• 2. Birmingham (B25)
• 3. Birmingham (B18)
• 4. Peterborough (PE1)
• 5. Sandwell (B66)
• 6. Havering (RM1)
• 7. Birmingham (B21)
• 8. Manchester (M18)
• 9. Birmingham (B35)
10. Belfast (BT17)
• 11. Epping Forest (IG7)
• 12. Belfast (BT13)
• 13. Buckinghamshire (HP18)
• 14. Bradford (BD7)
• 15. Luton (LU1)

One of the victims of an uninsured driver is cyclist Cahal O’Reilly, 55, who was five miles from the ferryport in Holyhead, Wales, when he was hit from behind in September 2021.

He was thrown on to the windscreen and 20m through the air until he landed on the side of the road, seriously injured.

The uninsured driver, who police estimate was driving at 70mph, fled the scene.

Mr O'Reilly suffered catastrophic injuries, including a broken neck and back. Pic: MIB
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Mr O’Reilly suffered catastrophic injuries, including a broken neck and back. Pic: MIB

‘Left for dead’

“I was left for dead, bleeding to death on the side of the road,” Mr O’Reilly told Sky News.

“Nobody knows how long I was on the floor for. When I came to my senses, I could taste my own blood and feel the road on my cheek.”

He realised he was “pretty seriously injured” when he could not move his ankles, and lay still until help arrived.

A passing motorist, who initially thought Mr O’Reilly’s lifeless form was debris before realising it was a body, called the emergency services.

Mr O’Reilly was left with serious injuries, including a broken back and neck, shattered pelvis, smashed bone in his leg, and dislocated shoulder and required several surgeries in the days after the crash.

Police said Mr O'Reilly would be dead if he had not worn his helmet. Pic: MIB
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Police said Mr O’Reilly would be dead if he had not worn his helmet. Pic: MIB

The back tire of Mr O'Reilly's bicycle was completely ripped apart. Pic: MIB
Image:
The back tire of Mr O’Reilly’s bicycle was completely ripped apart. Pic: MIB

“I suffered a polytrauma, which is multiple horrendous injuries,” Mr O’Reilly said. “The police said if I hadn’t been wearing a helmet, I would be dead, and officers didn’t think I would make it.

“The hospital consultant told my wife that most people don’t survive the impact, the time until the ambulance arrives, and 22 hours of operations in 48 hours.”

Doctors had to use rods to reconnect Mr O’Reilly’s knee and ankle on his right leg, as the bottom of his foot “was just hanging on by skin and muscle”, and use an arterial skin graft from his left arm to help patch up the damage to his smashed leg.

Mr O’Reilly, who lives in Wandsworth, south London, also had to wear a neck brace for more than five months to stabilise his shattered neck and had to learn how to walk again, with serious setbacks on the way.

Mr O'Reilly had to learn how to walk again after extensive surgery. Pic: MIB
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Mr O’Reilly had to learn how to walk again after extensive surgery. Pic: MIB

‘Challenging’ recovery

“My pelvis and back fused and healed very quickly, but my leg took the main force of initial impact, with bits of my leg tissue found in the headlight of the car,” Mr O’Reilly said.

Just when he started seeing some progress in the rehab for his leg, about 18 months after the crash, doctors discovered that the metal work supposed to hold the bones together was falling apart, causing a serious infection in his leg.

Mr O’Reilly required another surgery and was told that if the bone did not heal, his leg would have to be amputated.

Mr O'Reilly's blood and tissue were found in the headlights of the driver's car. Pic: MIB
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Mr O’Reilly’s blood and tissue were found in the headlights of the driver’s car. Pic: MIB

Four years on from the horrifying crash, he was told that his bone had finally fused last month.

“If you walk past me in the street, you wouldn’t know now, but the process to get there was very difficult and psychologically quite challenging,” Mr O’Reilly said.

The former British Army major hopes he will be able to return to work as a business consultant next year.

Read more:
Victim criticises ‘appalling’ sentence for uninsured driver
Nurse describes ‘horrific’ fatal crash

He is now campaigning with the MIB to stop uninsured drivers from hitting the roads, as he wants “nobody to go through what I had to go through”.

“We have to do something in this country,” he said. “People are morally making a choice where they don’t care about their fellow citizens and fail to insure their car and make sure it is properly taxed. Something like that is a social responsibility.”

Mr O'Reilly is campaigning with the MIB to stop uninsured motorists. Pic: MIB
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Mr O’Reilly is campaigning with the MIB to stop uninsured motorists. Pic: MIB

£1bn cost of uninsured drivers

Uninsured driving costs the government £1bn a year, including compensation for victims, emergency services, medical costs and loss of productivity.

An uninsured vehicle is seized every four minutes across the UK, with almost 120,000 seized so far this year, the MIB said.

What are the penalties for driving without insurance?

Police can issue a fixed penalty of £300 and six penalty points to anyone caught driving a vehicle they are not insured to drive.

If the case goes to court, the penalties can increase to an unlimited fine and the culprit can be disqualified from driving.

Police also have the power to seize and, in some cases, destroy a vehicle that has been driven uninsured.

The bureau has launched a week-long road safety initiative in collaboration with police forces across the UK, including targeted enforcement in problem areas and public education to urge people to check their insurance status.

“Our aim is to end uninsured driving, which means working closely with the police across the UK to remove dangerous vehicles from our roads,” Martin Saunders, head of enforcement at MIB, said.

“At the same time, we are ramping up our support for motorists who want to drive legally, providing them with the knowledge they need to have the right cover in place.”

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