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Obese and overweight people brains have different appetite control centres in their brains to those of normal weight, a new study suggests.

Researchers say their findings add further evidence to the relevance of brain structure to weight and food consumption.

According to the Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, almost two-thirds of adults in the UK are overweight or living with obesity.

This increases the risk of developing health issues like type 2 diabetes, heart disease and stroke, cancer and poor mental health.

Several factors influence how much people eat and what they eat, including genetics, hormone regulation, and the environment they live in, researchers say.

However, it is not entirely clear what happens to the brain to tell us whether we are hungry or full.

Past studies have shown that the hypothalamus – a small region of the brain about the size of an almond – plays an important role.

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Dr Stephanie Brown, from the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Cambridge, said: “Although we know the hypothalamus is important for determining how much we eat, we actually have very little direct information about this brain region in living humans.

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People battling chronic obesity are facing stigmatisation

“That’s because it is very small and hard to make out on traditional MRI brain scans.”

Professor Paul Fletcher, the study’s senior author, also from the Department of Psychiatry at Cambridge, said: “The last two decades have given us important insights about appetite control and how it may be altered in obesity.

“Metabolic researchers at Cambridge have played a leading role in this.

“Our hope is that, by taking this new approach to analysing brain scans in large datasets, we can further extend this work into humans, ultimately relating these subtle structural brain findings to changes in appetite and eating and generating a more comprehensive understanding of obesity.”

Most evidence for the role of the hypothalamus in appetite regulation comes from animal studies, which indicate complex interacting pathways within the hypothalamus, with different cell populations acting together to tell us when we are hungry or full.

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To get around this, researchers used an algorithm developed using machine learning to analyse brain scans taken from 1,351 young adults across a range of BMI scores.

They looked for differences in the hypothalamus when comparing individuals who are underweight, healthy weight, overweight, or living with obesity.

According to the findings, the overall volume of the hypothalamus was significantly larger in the overweight and obese groups of young adults.

The researchers describe a significant relationship between volume of the hypothalamus and body mass index (BMI).

The differences were most apparent in those sub-regions of the hypothalamus that control appetite through the release of hormones to balance hunger and fullness.

While the exact significance of the finding is unclear, one explanation is that the change relates to inflammation, the researchers suggest.

Previous animal studies have shown that a high-fat diet can cause inflammation of the hypothalamus, which in turn prompts insulin resistance and obesity.

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Husband describes ‘horror’ as wife fatally hit by van at golf course after police chase

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Husband describes 'horror' as wife fatally hit by van at golf course after police chase

A husband has described how he watched in “helpless horror” as his wife was fatally hit by a van at a golf course after the vehicle was involved in a police chase.

Suzanne Cherry, 62, died in hospital four days after she was struck on the morning of 11 April, Staffordshire Police said.

Two patrol cars had been following the grey Nissan van in Kingstanding, Birmingham, after receiving reports of suspicious activity, according to the Independent Office for Police Conduct (IOPC).

They stopped chasing the van when it came off the road and went up an embankment at Aston Wood Golf Club, where it hit Ms Cherry, of Aldridge, Walsall.

In a statement released by police, Ms Cherry’s husband – who was not named – paid tribute to his “beautiful wife” and said her death leaves an “unfillable void” in the lives of her family.

“While enjoying what should have been the safest of one of Suzanne’s many activities, I watched in helpless horror as the life of my beautiful wife and our future together was snatched away in an instant,” he said.

Ms Cherry’s husband said she had “an amazing and infectious zest for life”, adding: “Suzanne leaves a legacy and an unfillable void in the lives of her mother Maureen, her three adult children, two step-children and countless others from her work, her sporting activities and social circle.

“Sue was loved, and will be painfully missed by her entire family and friends, we ask that our privacy at this difficult time be respected.”

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Officers from three different forces have arrested six men in connection with the incident.

The IOPC is continuing to investigate the circumstances before the collision.

Police are continuing to appeal for witnesses to come forward.

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Prince Andrew joins King and Queen at Easter Sunday church service

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Prince Andrew joins King and Queen at Easter Sunday church service

Prince Andrew was among members of the royal family who attended the traditional Easter Sunday service in Windsor.

It is the second year in a row that the Duke of York has joined the King and Queen at St George’s Chapel, appearing to enter the chapel quickly after his eldest brother’s arrival.

Other members of the royal family, including Princess Anne, the Duke and Duchess of Edinburgh, Princess Eugenie and Princess Beatrice and Andrew’s ex-wife Sarah Ferguson, also gathered outside the church.

The Duke of York leaves after attending the Easter Mattins service at St George's Chapel in Windsor Castle, Berkshire. Picture date: Sunday April 20, 2025.
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The Duke of York leaving St George’s Chapel. Pic: PA

William and Kate did not attend the annual service, deciding instead to spend time with their children, George, Charlotte and Louis, in Norfolk before they go back to school.

Crowds wished the King and Queen a Happy Easter as they left the chapel, with two children presenting Camilla with a bunch of flowers, before they were driven away.

King Charles III and Queen Camilla attend the Easter Mattins service at St George's Chapel in Windsor Castle, Berkshire. Picture date: Sunday April 20, 2025.
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King Charles and Queen Camilla arriving at St George’s chapel. Pic: PA

The Princess Royal speaks with the Dean of Windsor, the Right Rev Christopher Cocksworth, as she arrives for the Easter Mattins service at St George's Chapel in Windsor Castle, Berkshire. Picture date: Sunday April 20, 2025.
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The Princess Royal. Pic: PA

Andrew was seen glancing at a member of the crowd, who wished him a “Happy Easter” before the duke walked off with his ex-wife.

The duke has not been pictured at a formal royal family event since last Easter. He missed the royal family’s traditional Christmas gathering at Sandringham amid the controversy surrounding his links to an alleged Chinese spy.

He disappeared from public life after stepping down from official duties in March 2020, following his explosive TV interview with BBC’s Newsnight.

The Duchess of Edinburgh followed by Princess Eugenie and her husband Jack Brooksbank and Princess Beatrice arrive for the Easter Mattins service at St George's Chapel in Windsor Castle, Berkshire. Picture date: Sunday April 20, 2025.
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The Duchess of Edinburgh followed by Princess Eugenie and Princess Beatrice. Pic: PA

Sarah, Duchess of York, waves to the crowd as she attends the Easter Mattins service at St George's Chapel in Windsor Castle, Berkshire. Picture date: Sunday April 20, 2025.
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Sarah Ferguson. Pic: PA

The Easter sermon is traditionally led by the Archbishop of Canterbury, but was today led by the Archbishop of York, Stephen Cottrell, from York Minster.

Mr Cottrell has temporarily taken over the role after Justin Welby announced he was stepping down in November last year, after an independent review found he “could and should” have reported decades-long abuse of men and young boys by his former friend, the barrister John Smyth QC.

Mr Cottrell has also apologised for his handling of the case.

King Charles III and Queen Camilla leave after attending the Easter Mattins service at St George's Chapel in Windsor Castle, Berkshire. Picture date: Sunday April 20, 2025.
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Pic: PA

Queen Camilla waves to the crowd as she holds a posy after attending the Easter Mattins service at St George's Chapel in Windsor Castle, Berkshire. Picture date: Sunday April 20, 2025.
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The Queen waves to crowds in Windsor. Pic: PA

King’s message of ‘faith, hope and love’

Last year’s Easter Sunday service was the King’s first major public appearance after he announced his cancer diagnosis.

The 76-year-old monarch is still receiving treatment for cancer, and last month, spent a short period of time in hospital after experiencing temporary side effects.

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King and Queen attend Maundy service

In his Easter message – a tradition he started when he was the Prince of Wales – Charles reflected on the examples of “great cruelty and great kindness” that “daily come before our eyes” – saying they should remind the world of the importance of the “virtues of faith, hope and love”.

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He shared the message last week ahead of attending the annual Maundy service at Durham Cathedral, where he presented the Maundy recipients – 76 men and 76 women – with two purses: one red and one white, containing Maundy Money.

The ancient tradition traces back to the 13th century and is given to recipients in recognition of outstanding Christian service and work in their local communities.

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Police appeal over ‘senseless’ damage to seven statues during trans rights rally in London

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Police appeal over 'senseless' damage to seven statues during trans rights rally in London

Police are appealing for information after seven statues – including one of suffragette Millicent Fawcett – were daubed with graffiti during a trans rights rally in London.

The Metropolitan Police said the criminal damage took place during the protest in Parliament Square, Westminster, on Saturday.

Thousands of people had gathered for an “emergency demonstration” following the Supreme Court ruling earlier this week on the definition of a woman.

The words “Trans rights are human rights” were written on a statue of South African statesman Jan Christian Smuts.

Graffiti on the statue of South African statesman Jan Christian Smuts in Parliament Square. Pic: PA
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Graffiti on the statue of South African statesman Jan Christian Smuts in Parliament Square. Pic: PA

The Met Police said officers were trawling CCTV footage and no arrests have been made as yet.

Chief Superintendent Stuart Bell said: “Criminal damage and vandalism like this has no place on the streets of London and spoils the area for locals and those visiting.

“While the police support the public’s right to protest, criminality like this is senseless and unacceptable. We are pursuing this and will take action against those responsible.”

Pic: PA
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Graffiti on the statue of Millicent Fawcett. Pic: PA

Mr Bell said there were plans to remove the graffiti “but this requires specialist equipment and we are confident this will be done shortly”.

“We are keen to speak to those who saw anything on the day and urge anyone with information, pictures or footage to come forward,” he added.

The force has not shared details of which seven statues were defaced. Parliament Square is home to 12 statues of political figures including Winston Churchill, Abraham Lincoln and Mahatma Gandhi.

Protesters demonstrate in Westminster in support of the transgender community. Credit: Daniel Bregman
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Thousands of protesters joined the rally on Saturday. Pic: Daniel Bregman

The Met said it was also dealing with a number of complaints from the public about signs and images shared on social media that were reportedly displayed at the protest.

The force said while officers were investigating the displayed signs and images, they had so far proved to be from historic events, did not take place in London, or did not constitute a criminal offence.

The protest followed a long-awaited judgment delivered on Wednesday, when the UK’s highest court ruled the terms “woman” and “sex” in the Equality Act 2010 “refer to a biological woman and biological sex”.

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Gender ruling – How it happened

It essentially means trans women who hold gender recognition certificates are not women in the eyes of the law.

This means transgender women with one of the certificates can be excluded from single-sex spaces if “proportionate”.

The UK government said the unanimous decision by five judges brought “clarity and confidence” for women and service providers.

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