A new sub-lineage of the Omicron COVID variant now makes up one in seven cases in the UK.
EG.5 and EG.5.1 are descendants of Omicron, which was first detected in South Africa in late-2021 before becoming widespread in the UK.
This week the World Health Organisation (WHO) designated EG.5 as a ‘variant of interest’ after it was reported in 51 countries.
Here Sky News looks at it in more detail.
When was it discovered?
EG.5 was first detected on 17 February but was given ‘variant under monitoring’ status by WHO on 19 July following a spike in cases, particularly in Asia. As of 7 August it was a ‘variant of interest’.
Most reported cases are still in China (30.6%), followed by the US (18.4%), South Korea (14.1%) and Japan (11.1%).
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According to the latest UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) data, it is now the second most prevalent variant making up 11.8% of UK cases as of 27 July. As of 4 August, it represented one in seven UK infections.
The majority of cases are still the Arcturus strain, another Omicron sub-variant that emerged earlier in the year.
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On a global scale, WHO claims EG.5 makes up 17.4% of infections as of 23 July, which it says is a “notable rise” on the last time it collected data on 25 June.
What are the symptoms?
According to the ZOE health app, the symptoms of EG.5 and EG.5.1, are similar to other Omicron sub-variants.
These include:
Runny or blocked nose
Headache
Fatigue
Sore throat
Sneezing
How worried should we be?
WHO has said that on the evidence available the “public health risk posed by EG.5 is low at global level” and similar to the other Omicron sub-variants we’ve seen in the past two years.
They haven’t found an increase in disease severity compared to ones we’ve seen previously either.
But it does have a growth advantage and immune escape properties, which means it can evade natural or vaccine-based immunity.
It predicts that: “Due to its growth advantage and immune escape properties, EG.5 may cause a rise in case incidence and become dominant in some countries or even globally.”
There have been increases in COVID hospitalisations in some Asian countries where EG.5 is circulating but there is no evidence of a link between the sub-variant and any spike in hospital admissions.
Professor Francois Balloux, an expert in computational systems biology and director of the UCL Genetics Institute, said it still “only plays a minor role in the current increase in cases”.
He says this is “driven primarily by the weather”, which has prevented people from spending more time outdoors in recent weeks, and “constantly waning immunity” from booster jab campaigns.
“There is nothing that feels particularly concerning about EG.5.1, relative to the many other Omicron sub-variants in circulation,” he said.
Biologist Professor T. Ryan Gregory who coined the nickname “Eris” for EG 5.1 on social media, adds that it “isn’t super notable in terms of specific mutations” and “is not even the fastest XXB (Omicron) variant”.
He added it is “one to watch even if it’s not expect to cause a large wave”.
But virologist Professor Stephen Griffin wrote on X, formerly known as Twitter, that “not being more severe than existing strains is not the same as not being severe”.
He warned that “individual risks scales by prevalence” and stressed the continuing risks of Long COVID and lack of immunity in the super clinically vulnerable.
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2:03
Why UK COVID rates are rising again
What about COVID more generally?
Generally COVID cases are on the rise. Although universal testing and routine reporting of cases has ended in the UK, hospital admissions remain an indication of prevalence.
Currently the COVID hospitalisation rate is 1.97 per 100,000 people – compared to 1.17 a week earlier.
People aged 85 and over represent the biggest age group in hospital as they have throughout the pandemic.
According to UKHSA “overall levels of admission remain extremely low and we are not currently seeing a similar increase in ICU admission”.
At least 10 people have been killed after a fire broke out at a retirement home in northern Spain in the early hours of this morning, officials have said.
A further two people were seriously injured in the blaze at the residence in the town of Villafranca de Ebro in Zaragoza, according to the Spanish news website Diario Sur.
They remain in a critical condition, while several others received treatment for smoke inhalation.
Firefighters were alerted to the blaze at the residence – the Jardines de Villafranca – at 5am (4am UK time) on Friday.
Those who were killed in the fire died from smoke inhalation, Spanish newspaper Heraldo reported.
UN climate talks are “no longer fit for purpose” and should only be hosted by countries who are trying to give up fossil fuels, veterans of the process have said.
An open letter to the United Nations, signed by former UN chief Ban Ki-moon, made a dramatic intervention in the 29th COP climate summit, under way in Baku, Azerbaijan.
Frustration over petrostate hosts – following last year’s summit in UAE – as well as the influence of fossil fuel lobbyists, prohibitive costs, and slow progress have been mounting in recent years.
The letter acknowledges the strides COPs have made on ramping up climate policies.
“But it is now clear that the COP is no longer fit for purpose,” the authors said.
“Its current structure simply cannot deliver the change at exponential speed and scale, which is essential to ensure a safe climate landing for humanity.”
The letter’s 22 signatories also include former Ireland President Mary Robinson and Christiana Figueres, former head of the UN climate body (UNFCCC) that runs the annual COP summits.
It called for the process to be streamlined and for countries to be held accountable for their promises.
Sky News analysis has found only “marginal” progress has been made since the “historic” pledge from COP28 last year to transition away from fossil fuels.
The letter also called for “strict eligibility criteria” for host countries to exclude those “who do not support the phase out/transition away from fossil energy”.
This year’s host country, petrostate Azerbaijan, has been engulfed in controversy.
Its authoritarian president Ilham Aliyev used his opening address to criticise western hypocrisy and praise oil and gas as a “gift” from God. His criticism of France, with whom relations have long been tense, drove the French minister to cancel a trip to the summit.
While the government and its COP team run separate operations, host countries are supposed to smooth over disagreements and find consensus between the almost 200 countries gathered.
COP presidencies are also nominating themselves to be climate leaders and throwing their own countries under the spotlight.
Azerbaijan is a small developing country that relies significantly on oil and gas revenues. But it has made slow progress on building out clean power – getting just 1.5% of its energy from clean sources – and led a harsh crackdown on critics in the run up to the COP.
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2:34
Azerbaijan team ‘optimistic’ about talks
In an interview with Sky News on Sunday, its lead negotiator Yalchin Rafiyev was unable to say whether Azerbaijan preferred to extract all its oil and gas or seek another, cleaner economic pathway – hard though that would be.
In a news conference yesterday, Mr Rafiyev said the president had been “quite clear” and he would not comment further.
“We have opened our doors to everybody,” he added.
Some diplomats here have hinted that Azerbaijan’s presidency team mean well but might be a little out of their depth. They have never been out in front at previous COPs, but they also only had a year to prepare for their turn hosting the mighty summit.
“My sense of this is that they’re a little underprepared, a little overwhelmed and a little bit short,” said one, speaking anonymously, as is customary for diplomats trying to maintain good relations.
“But I’m not sure that that’s politics. It might just be bandwidth and preparation and things like that.”
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Different regions in the world take turns to host a COP. This year it was up to Eastern Europe, but the selection process took longer than usual due to tensions over Russia’s war in Ukraine and between Azerbaijan and rival Armenia.
Achim Steiner of the UN Development Programme, called it “troubling” that some countries face questions over their host roles.
“Are there countries that are by definition good hosts and others are bad hosts?” he asked.
“In the United Nations, we maintain the principle of every nation, first of all, should have a right to be heard.
“Labels are not always the fairest way of describing a nation. Some of the largest oil producers have hosted this COP in the past, and seemingly this seemed to be a perfectly acceptable phenomenon.”
COP stands for “conference of the parties” and refers to countries (“parties”) who have signed the underlying climate treaty.
Azerbaijan’s COP29 team and the UN’s climate body have been contacted with a request to comment.
A body has been recovered from a South African mine after police cut off basic supplies in an effort to force around 4,000 illegal miners to resurface.
The body has emerged from the closed gold mine in the northwest town of Stilfontein a day after South Africa’s government said it would not help the illegal miners.
Around 20 people have surfaced from the mineshaft this week as police wait nearby to arrest all those appearing from underground.
It comes a day after a cabinet minister said the government was trying to “smoke them [the miners] out”.
The move is part of the police’s “Close the Hole” operation, whereby officers cut off supplies of food, water and other basic necessities to get those who have entered illegally to come out.
Local reports suggest the supply routes were cut off at the mine around two months ago, with relatives of the miners seen in the area as the stand-off continues.
A decomposed body was brought up on Thursday, with pathologists on the scene, police spokesperson Athlenda Mathe said.
It comes after South African cabinet minister Khumbudzo Ntshavheni told reporters on Wednesday that the government would not send any help to the illegal miners, known in the country as zama zamas, because they are involved in a criminal act.
“We are not sending help to criminals. We are going to smoke them out. They will come out. Criminals are not to be helped; criminals are to be prosecuted. We didn’t send them there,” Ms Ntshavheni said.
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Senior police and defence officials are expected to visit the area on Friday to “reinforce the government’s commitment to bringing this operation to a safe and lawful conclusion”, according to a media advisory from the police.
In the last few weeks, over 1,000 miners have surfaced at various mines in South Africa’s North West province, where police have cut off supplies.
Many of the miners were reported to be weak, hungry and sickly after going for weeks without basic supplies.
Illegal mining remains common in South Africa’s old gold-mining areas, with miners going into closed shafts to dig for any possible remaining deposits.
The illegal miners are often from neighbouring countries, and police say the illegal operations involve larger syndicates that employ the miners.
Their presence in closed mines has also created problems with nearby communities, which complain that the illegal miners commit crimes ranging from robberies to rape.
Illegal mining groups are known to be heavily armed and disputes between rival groups sometimes result in fatal confrontations.