While the cry for crypto regulation is becoming ever louder in much of the world, and regulation by enforcement is a controversy, a report prepared for the New Zealand Parliament has recommended a slow, agile approach. The report was commissioned by the Finance and Expenditure Committee of the New Zealand House of Representatives in 2021 and titled “Inquiry into the current and future nature, impact, and risks of cryptocurrencies.”
Cowritten by a partner at the law firm MinterEllisonRuddWatts and a University of Auckland associate professor of commercial law, the 99-page report considered previously solicited public comments and offered 22 recommendations. It took a favorable view of digital assets and blockchain technology as a whole.
In spite of challenges such as volatility, environmental impact and criminal usage, the report cautioned against excessive restrictions, saying they would “reduce the viability and competitiveness of such businesses as purchasers increasingly make payments in cryptocurrencies.”
It also cautioned against trying to regulate too early:
“Creating and implementing an integrated [regulatory] framework would be a complicated endeavour. […] Based on our understanding, agencies are not resourced or equipped to manage this.”
“Instead, we recommend that problems are addressed as they arise. We recommend that the Government and regulators create coherent and consistent guidance on the treatment of digital assets under current law,” the report added. Legislators can observe regulatory progress in the United States, United Kingdom and Australia before making local decisions.
“Because it is early in the development of digital assets and blockchain, we recommend that the Government and regulatory agencies proceed carefully and do not design and implement a fully integrated and consistent regulatory framework for digital assets at this point in time.… pic.twitter.com/A8uDtX3yZK
Some regulatory measures are unavoidable. The report recommends the Financial Markets Authority (FMA) create a new class of investment for digital assets, with a sandbox, and a new class of personal property. In addition, the report proposes the FMA lead a new Council of Financial Regulators subcommittee to provide advice and a coordinated response to “issues facing the industry.”
A larger working group with representatives from all government agencies concerned — police, tax authorities, the central bank and others — should be formed to work with the digital asset industry. Central bank digital currency research should continue, the report concluded.
Sir Keir Starmer has said he will defend the decisions made in the budget “all day long” amid anger from farmers over inheritance tax changes.
Chancellor Rachel Reeves announced last month in her key speech that from April 2026, farms worth more than £1m will face an inheritance tax rate of 20%, rather than the standard 40% applied to other land and property.
The announcement has sparked anger among farmers who argue this will mean higher food prices, lower food production and having to sell off land to pay for the tax.
Sir Keir defended the budget as he gave his first speech as prime minister at the Welsh Labour conference in Llandudno, North Wales, where farmers have been holding a tractor protest outside.
Sir Keir admitted: “We’ve taken some extremely tough decisions on tax.”
He said: “I will defend facing up to the harsh light of fiscal reality. I will defend the tough decisions that were necessary to stabilise our economy.
“And I will defend protecting the payslips of working people, fixing the foundations of our economy, and investing in the future of Britain and the future of Wales. Finally, turning the page on austerity once and for all.”
He also said the budget allocation for Wales was a “record figure” – some £21bn for next year – an extra £1.7bn through the Barnett Formula, as he hailed a “path of change” with Labour governments in Wales and Westminster.
And he confirmed a £160m investment zone in Wrexham and Flintshire will be going live in 2025.
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‘PM should have addressed the protesters’
Among the hundreds of farmers demonstrating was Gareth Wyn Jones, who told Sky News it was “disrespectful” that the prime minister did not mention farmers in his speech.
He said “so many people have come here to air their frustrations. He (Starmer) had an opportunity to address the crowd. Even if he was booed he should have been man enough to come out and talk to the people”.
He said farmers planned to deliver Sir Keir a letter which begins with “‘don’t bite the hand that feeds you”.
Mr Wyn Jones told Sky News the government was “destroying” an industry that was already struggling.
“They’re destroying an industry that’s already on its knees and struggling, absolutely struggling, mentally, emotionally and physically. We need government support not more hindrance so we can produce food to feed the nation.”
He said inheritance tax changes will result in farmers increasing the price of food: “The poorer people in society aren’t going to be able to afford good, healthy, nutritious British food, so we have to push this to government for them to understand that enough is enough, the farmers can’t take any more of what they’re throwing at us.”
Mr Wyn Jones disputed the government’s estimation that only 500 farming estates in the UK will be affected by the inheritance tax changes.
“Look, a lot of farmers in this country are in their 70s and 80s, they haven’t handed their farms down because that’s the way it’s always been, they’ve always known there was never going to be inheritance tax.”
On Friday, Sir Keir addressed farmers’ concerns, saying: “I know some farmers are anxious about the inheritance tax rules that we brought in two weeks ago.
“What I would say about that is, once you add the £1m for the farmland to the £1m that is exempt for your spouse, for most couples with a farm wanting to hand on to their children, it’s £3m before anybody pays a penny in inheritance tax.”
Ministers said the move will not affect small farms and is aimed at targeting wealthy landowners who buy up farmland to avoid paying inheritance tax.
But analysis this week said a typical family farm would have to put 159% of annual profits into paying the new inheritance tax every year for a decade and could have to sell 20% of their land.
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The Country and Land Business Association (CLA), which represents owners of rural land, property and businesses in England and Wales, found a typical 200-acre farm owned by one person with an expected profit of £27,300 would face a £435,000 inheritance tax bill.
The plan says families can spread the inheritance tax payments over 10 years, but the CLA found this would require an average farm to allocate 159% of its profits each year for a decade.
To pay that, successors could be forced to sell 20% of their land, the analysis found.