
Who is Lucy Letby? The ‘average’ nurse who became Britain’s most notorious child killer
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adminHolding up a tiny babygrow with a flower pattern printed on it, Lucy Letby presents a wide smile for the camera in what would become the defining image of the killer nurse.
Dressed in her blue nursing uniform with her name badge pinned proudly on her chest, the young, blonde girl in her mid-20s is now the UK’s most notorious child killer.
Described as non-descript and normal by police, few could envisage the horror she would inflict on innocent families.
Born in Hereford on 4 January 1990, Letby is the only child of John and Susan Letby, a retail boss and accounts clerk who are now both retired.
After attending a local school and sixth-form college, Letby qualified as a children’s nurse at the University of Chester in 2011.
She completed training placements in Liverpool Women’s Hospital before joining the neonatal unit at the Countess of Chester Hospital on 2 January 2012, just two days before her 22nd birthday.
Her life at this point was extraordinarily normal.
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She lived in several houses, before buying her suburban, red-brick, semi-detached home in 2016 which was around a 20-minute walk from the ward.
An ornate teal bird feeder had been put up on the wall of the porch with a simple, child-like decor throughout the house.
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In her bedroom, fluffy toys were laid across a duvet inscribed with the words “sweet dreams”. Artwork saying “leave sparkles wherever you go” was pinned to the wall, illuminated by twinkling fairy lights.

Lucy Letby’s bedroom

Told colleagues she was bored
Letby owned two cats, Tigger and Smudge, and was close with her parents, saying in messages she felt “guilty” for not visiting them more often.
She had friends and an active social life, holidaying in Ibiza, going on nights out and attending weekly salsa dancing classes.
Letby used social media regularly to keep in contact with colleagues, friends and family and even exchanged messages with management on the neonatal ward.
At work, she was trusted and dedicated, having completed specialist training in March 2014 and regularly working in what was called nursery one – where the most ill children were cared for.
It was known as the “hot room” – an average-looking room with yellow walls alongside paintings of owls and teddy bears.
She would text colleagues when working in the lower-risk nurseries – two, three and four – that she was bored and wanted to work in nursery one – which the prosecution later said was a trigger for Letby to carry out attacks.
![J124 [IB1210]. Forensics shorthand](https://e3.365dm.com/23/07/768x432/2372307100191848307_6214306.jpg?20230710121223)
A corridor within the neonatal unit
‘Beige or vanilla’
It was speculated that she had a romantic crush on a married doctor on the ward, having exchanged hundreds of messages with him. The pair had also gone out for meals, been on a trip to London together and spent time at her home.
But while the details of her life may seem banal, the Crown Prosecution Service alleged there was a “much darker side to her personality”. A member of the prosecution team described her as “devious, calculated and cold-blooded”.
“There isn’t anything outstanding or outrageous about her. She was a normal, 20-something-year-old,” DCI Nicola Evans from Cheshire Police said.
“She had a normal job, she was average in that job, she had a group of friends and a family and a social life, nothing that you wouldn’t expect from someone of her age at that time.
“The fact she was non-descript and average in work allowed her to go under the radar and commit these offences.
“There wasn’t anything outrageous about her, there wasn’t anything that stood out about her, she was beige or vanilla. She was present but not featured,” she said.

Det Chief Insp Nicola Evans (left) and senior investigating officer Det Supt Paul Hughes
The start of the attacks
Letby had worked at the Countess of Chester hospital for more than three years when the mortality rate of the neonatal unit began to rise in 2015.
Her first attack came on 8 June 2015 when Child A died less than 90 minutes into Letby’s overnight shift.
Letby used several methods to kill or severely injure the helpless victims – including physical assaults, overfeeding with milk, forcing air into their stomachs and injecting air into their bloodstreams.
Two victims survived after Letby poisoned their IV drip bags with insulin.
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The prosecution accused Letby of varying her methods to avoid detection.
Some babies were subjected to repeated attempts by Letby to kill them.
The jury heard Letby would use medicines and equipment readily available to her to cause babies to unexpectedly collapse across day and night shifts.
Her victims included both boys and girls, many of whom were born prematurely.
After she had killed the infants, Letby searched for 11 of the victims’ families on social media and even sent one set of parents a sympathy card on the day of their baby’s funeral. She took a photo of the sympathy card before she posted it.

A sympathy card that was shown to the jury in the Lucy Letby murder trial
Letby was said to be relaxed and collected despite the rising number of deaths.
The parents of Child L and M – twin brothers who were just days old when Letby tried to kill them in April 2016 – said she was acting “very cool and calm” after she injected Child M with an injection of excessive air.
But Child M survived, after which “her body language and her behaviour totally changed”, the twins’ mother said.
“She was very annoyed with us. She thought that ‘I couldn’t kill your baby’.”
She also made unusual comments which aroused suspicion at this time.
As Child P was being readied to be moved to another hospital in June 2016 after Letby pumped excess air into his stomach, she said: “He’s not leaving here alive, is he?”
She had made a similar remark when Child C fatally collapsed a year earlier.
Exclusive: Mother fears Letby attacked her baby too
Letby was accused of committing the murders in a one-year period – between June 2015 and June 2016 – out of her five-year career.
But Cheshire Police said it is investigating whether Letby could be responsible for any further attacks before June 2015, both at Countess of Chester Hospital and Liverpool Women’s Hospital.
As part of that probe, they are reviewing the care of around 4,000 babies in the two hospitals.
‘I am evil’
On the surface, there is no rhyme or reason to Letby’s attacks, and she has offered no motive for her crimes.
She stuffed reams of confidential medical paperwork in reusable shopping bags, with some of these notes concerning the babies who had been killed or injured.

A Morrisons carrier bag found by police in Lucy Letby’s bedroom containing a number of hospital shift handover sheets and other medical notes
![22. Ibiza Bag. (Re Ex PMB.4) (AJW.323 - 0014) [IB1151]. Forensics shorthand](https://e3.365dm.com/23/07/768x432/2372307100191841207_6214299.jpg?20230710120621)
Letby scribbled all kinds of messages but on some she had written: “I am evil”, “I did this” and “I don’t deserve to be here because I’m evil”.
Prosecutors said the notes illustrated a woman in turmoil, grappling with the guilt of her actions.
But Dr Sohom Das, a consultant forensic psychiatrist, said Letby doesn’t fit any “typical” killer profiles.
![Forensics shorthand. confession note still [IB1151]](https://e3.365dm.com/23/07/768x432/2372307100191835607_6214284.png?20230710120419)

‘Low self-esteem and self confidence’
He says women who kill babies are usually driven by psychotic beliefs.
“I’ve seen at least two or three patients who have had delusional beliefs related to schizophrenia, for example, where they believe children are marked by the devil, that they’re somehow saving them from hell or damnation,” he told Sky News.
“Letby doesn’t fit into that category. I’ve also met serial killers and they tend to be antisocial, angry, they tend to have a long criminal history of violence. Again, Letby doesn’t fit that kind of motivation.”
Beatrice Yorker, a professor emerita of nursing and criminal justice and criminalistics at California State University in Los Angeles, said Letby also does not fit the profile of an attention-seeking killer like Angel of Death nurse Beverley Allitt.
“I haven’t read anything about Lucy Letby that indicates she wanted to be the centre of attention, that she enjoyed resuscitation of the infants. She seemed much more clandestine and deceitful. Kind of sadistic, maybe.”
Dr Das said Letby suffered from low self-esteem and self-confidence which may have manifested a degree of jealousy.

Pic: Cheshire Constabulary
![For forensics shorthand. i dont want to do this anymore and Die note [IB1151]](https://e3.365dm.com/23/07/768x432/2372307100191835207_6214283.jpg?20230710120401)
‘The most cowardly act’
In one note, Letby wrote she had an “overwhelming fear… I’ll never have children or marry… I will never know what it’s like to have a family… despair”.
Dr Jane Carter Woodrow, a screenwriter and member of the British Society of Criminology who has written several books about murderers and serial killers, said it is likely Letby may fit the profile of a psychopath.
The NHS defines a psychopath as someone with an antisocial personality disorder meaning they are manipulative, lack empathy, and often have a total disregard for the consequences of their actions.
“How could she not be [a psychopath] to be able to do those things,” she said. “It’s the most cowardly act of all killers, [to kill] a child or an elderly person.”
Read more: Inside the mind of a serial killer – the psychology behind healthcare murderers
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‘Trust me, I’m a nurse’
Dr Carter Woodrow says that “once you’ve crossed that line” and “murdered for the first time, I think it gets easier. And you see she feels emboldened as time goes on and the cases kind of escalate, particularly towards the end”.
The fact Letby pleaded not guilty also shows psychopathic traits, she says. “She could have pleaded guilty and not put the parents through this terrible trauma again. She could have spared them all these details they’ve had to sit through.”
During the trial, the jury heard how Letby told one mother, “trust me, I’m a nurse”, as she killed one baby.
“I think this was about power,” says Dr Carter Woodrow. “Saying, ‘trust me, I’m a nurse’, all the time knowing what she was going to go and do… it’s like somebody with a card up their sleeve that they’re almost laughing about.”
Suspicions increase
Colleagues became suspicious of Letby within weeks of the first attack.
Dr Stephen Brearey, the head consultant on the neonatal unit, reviewed the deaths of Child A, C and D in June 2015. He found Letby was the only nurse on shift for each of the deaths.
In October 2015, consultants became increasingly concerned when they saw a spike in deaths that were “unexplained and unexpected” – a highly unusual occurrence in neonatal wards meaning there was no prior indication in the 24 hours before that death may occur.
Consultant Dr Ravi Jayaram alerted management but was told “not to make a fuss”. He was even forced to apologise to Letby and attend mediation for accusing her of wrongdoing, news outlets reported.
Other colleagues who reported Letby were told there was no evidence against her.
Read more:
Government orders independent inquiry after Letby verdict
Inside courtroom seven: The Letby trial and the moment she was found guilty

Dr Ravi Jayaram. Pic: Rex/ITV/Shutterstock
‘A lot of suspicion’
Speculation grew as Letby would be on shift or near a child during every suspicious death.
Her reputation became so infamous that one staff member who worked at the hospital told Sky News: “There was a lot of suspicion when alarms would go off, during the night especially, there would be a phrase colleagues would use – ‘I wonder if Lucy is working tonight’.”
“That’s exactly how it was, so people knew exactly what was going on,” nursing assistant Lynsey Artell said.
Then and now, all evidence against Letby was circumstantial – there is no CCTV, no witnesses to her crimes.
But by July 2016, after several more warnings by senior consultants, Letby had been moved off the neonatal ward and put into an administrative role. An internal NHS investigation followed.
But the hospital only contacted police in early 2017, asking whether they thought an investigation was necessary – almost two years since the prosecution said Letby first attacked and well over a year after colleagues first became suspicious.
Letby caught
Letby was arrested more than three years after her killing spree started.
On that day in July 2018, she was relaxed and speaking in a calm, quiet tone after officers knocked on her door.

She let them in, wearing a blue hoodie with white and pink writing, as well as blue tracksuit bottoms. Her shoulder-length mousy blonde hair was hanging down around her face.
Ten minutes later, police bodycam footage recorded Letby being escorted out of the house in handcuffs and put into a police car where she told officers she just had knee surgery.

Lucy Letby’s arrest

During a police interview that same day, she remained calm. When asked if she had been concerned about a rise in mortality rates at the hospital, she said: “I think we’d all just noticed as a team in general, the nursing staff, that this was a rise compared to previous years.”
She was released after her first arrest but was rearrested in June 2019 when she was bailed pending further inquiries.

Letby is questioned by police
Letby was rearrested and charged in November 2020 three years after the investigation – named Operation Hummingbird – started.
Letby on trial
Letby on trial was a very different person to Letby the quiet nurse.
She was now 33 – eight years on from her first attack. She was smartly dressed, her hair now dark brown and longer than in pictures used by the media.
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7:18
The police investigation into Letby
She was seated in the glass-fronted dock – her parents were seated in the gallery opposite her in courtroom seven at Manchester Crown Court.
Her mother frequently made eye contact with her daughter and mouthed “I love you” as the gruelling trial went on.

Susan Letby
Spoke quietly and calmly
When Letby was called to give evidence in May, she spoke quietly and calmly and was asked repeatedly to raise her voice.
At times she was vigorous in her defence and firmly denied the charges. She pointed the finger at other colleagues and blamed general hospital failings.
But she repeatedly contradicted herself, muddled her story and became frustrated with the prosecution’s questions – a far cry from the cool and collected nature she had displayed during her killing spree.

Court artist Elizabeth Cook drawing outside Manchester Crown Court
Letby cried when speaking about the impact of the arrest and trial on her, when photographs of her bedroom were shown and when speaking about her cats. But, as the prosecution pointed out, the tears stopped when the topic of the deaths arose.
Britain’s worst child serial killer
She bowed her head and cried again when the first verdicts were delivered.
Susan Letby broke down sobbing as her daughter was led away from the dock, whispering “you can’t be serious, this can’t be right”, into her husband’s arms.
During the second set of verdicts, when she was found guilty of murdering four babies and attempting to murder two more. As the jury delivered the outcome of its deliberations she was emotionless, but her shoulders began to shake as she stood to be taken back down to the cells.
Letby refused to leave the cells and appear in court for the third set of verdicts when she was found guilty of three more murders and three more attempted murders.
This time, John and Susan Letby were silent, resigned, and leaned on each other with their eyes closed.

John and Susan Letby
The verdicts were delivered after more than 100 hours of deliberations by the jury of seven women and four men.
For her sentencing on Monday, Letby made it clear she would refuse to appear in person or via video link.
Who is Lucy Letby?
Letby has never explained her transition from a very ordinary woman to Britain’s most prolific child killer.

It is something her victims’ families will have to fathom in the coming months and years as they grapple with a public inquiry and their harrowing grief.
Deputy senior investigating officer at Cheshire Police Nicola Evans said this “must be really hard for families to accept”.
“I don’t know whether we will ever be able to answer that question [of motive], and only Lucy Letby can answer that.”
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Wrexham’s James McClean lifts the League One trophy. Pic: PA

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Wrexham co-owners Rob McElhenney (L) and Ryan Reynolds and Ryan’s wife Blake Lively, before the match. Pic: PA
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Reynolds said bringing success back to the club “seemed like an impossible dream” when they arrived in North Wales in 2020.
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Wrexham’s Sam Smith celebrates in front of the fans after Wrexham won promotion to the Championship. Pic: PA
He put the three promotions down to “the coaching staff, the greatest dressing room” and an “all for one, one for all” attitude throughout the club, adding he was “speechless with their commitment and their emotion”.
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The Pope’s funeral is taking place today at St Peter’s Basilica at the Vatican.
A pope’s funeral traditionally brings world leaders together, and several were in attendance.
Watch full coverage of the Pope’s funeral live on Sky News from 8am
Here’s a look at the list.

Pic: Reuters
The Prince of Wales attended the funeral of Pope Francis on behalf of the King.
The King was in Rome with Queen Camilla earlier this month, and met the pontiff at the Vatican.
The trip came just a week-and-a-half after Buckingham Palace confirmed the King had been taken to hospital following side effects related to his ongoing cancer treatment.

Pic: AP
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Pope’s coffin passes Colosseum after Vatican service
Number 10 confirmed the prime minister received an invite and so he attended the ceremony.
Speaking on Tuesday, Sir Keir said there had been “an outpouring of grief and love” for the Pope.
He added: “I think it reflects the high esteem in which he was held, not just by millions and millions of Catholics, but by many others, across the world, myself included.”

Pic: Reuters
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0:38
Trump pays respects to Pope
The US president was one of the first to confirm he would be flying to Rome, adding he would be joined by first lady Melania Trump.
Writing on his social media platform Truth Social on Monday, he said: “Melania and I will be going to the funeral of Pope Francis, in Rome. We look forward to being there!”
The Pope had been critical of Mr Trump at times during his tenure.
In January, he said it would be a “disgrace” if the president went ahead with his crackdown on immigration, telling an Italian television station: “It would make the migrants, who have nothing, pay the unpaid bill.
“It doesn’t work. You don’t resolve problems this way.”

The Ukrainian president was with his wife. Pic: Reuters
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0:39
Applause breaks out as Zelenskyy arrives
The Ukrainian president, who met the Pope three times, was also in attendance – and there was an outbreak of applause for him when he arrived.
Mr Zelenskyy has said his country is grieving the Pope and recalled how he often prayed for peace in Ukraine.

President Macron was accompanied by his wife Brigitte. Pic: Reuters
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0:37
Emmauel Macron pays his respects
The French President Emmanuel Macron also attended the funeral with his wife Brigitte.
In his tribute on Monday, Mr Macron said of the Pope: “In this time of war and brutality, he had a sense for the other, for the most fragile.”

Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni (right) arrives for the funeral. Pic: AP
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0:16
Scale of funeral service from above
The Italian premier, along Argentine leader Javier Milei (below) had place of pride in the seating order for the service.
The Vatican is, of course, surrounded by the Italian capital Rome, while the Pope was born and grew up in Argentina and was once Archbishop of Buenos Aires.

Pic: Reuters
The president of Pope Francis’s native Argentina was also at the ceremony, despite having launched insults at Francis in recent years.
Before taking office in December 2023, the far-right politician called him “an imbecile, the representative of evil on Earth”.
Mr Milei alluded to their “differences” in his tribute to the late Pope, writing: “It is with profound sorrow that I learned this sad morning that Pope Francis, Jorge Bergoglio, passed away today and is now resting in peace.
“Despite differences that seem minor today, having been able to know him in his goodness and wisdom was a true honour for me.”

Pic: Reuters
Former US president Joe Biden, 82, was at the funeral with his wife Jill. The couple were seen taking their places in the bright sunshine prior to the service.
Mr Biden appeared to be getting some help to his seat, taking the arm of a member of the church.

Pic: Reuters
The Brazilian president and first lady Janja Lula da Silva were also at the funeral.
Brazil had also declared a seven-day mourning period for the Pope.
“Humanity is today losing a voice of respect and welcome for others,” the president said in his tribute.
“Pope Francis lived and propagated in his daily life the love, tolerance and solidarity that are the basis of Christian
teachings.”

Pic: Reuters
The EU Commission President confirmed she was attending after calling Francis a worldwide inspiration.
“He inspired millions, far beyond the Catholic Church, with his humility and love so pure for the less fortunate,” she said in her tribute.
Council President Antonio Costa, Parliament President Roberta Metsola was also expected to be in attendance.
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Here are some of the other notable attendees:
• Ireland’s taoiseach Micheal Martin
• Spain’s King Felipe and Queen Letizia
• Albanian president Bajram Begaj
• Angola’s president Joao Lourenco
• Austrian president Alexander Van der Bellen
• Bangladesh’s chief adviser and interim leader Muhammad Yunus
• Belgium’s King Philippe and Queen Mathilde, along with prime minister Bart De Wever
• Canada’s governor general Mary Simon
• Cape Verde president Jose Maria Neves
• Croatia’s president Zoran Milanovic
• Cyprian president Nikos Christodoulides
• Czech Republic’s prime minister Petr Fiala
• Democratic Republic of Congo president Felix Tshisekedi
• Dominican Republic’s president Luis Abinader
• East Timor’s president Jose Ramos-Horta
• Ecuador’s president Daniel Noboa
• Estonia’s president Alar Karis
• Finland’s president Alexander Stubb
• Gabon’s president Brice Oligui Nguema
• German president Frank-Walter Steinmeier and outgoing chancellor Olaf Scholz
• Greece’s prime minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis
• Honduras president Xiomara Castro
• Hungary’s president Tamas Sulyok
• Italy’s president Sergio Mattarella and prime minister Giorgia Meloni
• Latvian president Edgars Rinkevics
• Lithuanian president Gitanas Nauseda
• Moldova’s president Maia Sandu
• Netherlands’ prime minister Dick Schoof
• New Zealand’s prime minister Christopher Luxon
• Norway’s Crown Prince Haakon and Crown Princess Mette-Marit
• The Philippines’ president Ferdinand Marcos Jr
• Poland’s president Andrzej Duda
• Portugal’s president Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa and prime minister Luis Montenegro
• Romania’s interim president Ilie Bolojan
• Sweden’s King Carl XVI Gustaf, Queen Silvia and prime minister Ulf Kristersson
• Switzerland’s president Karin Keller-Sutter
Who was not there?

Pope Francis walks next to Putin at the Vatican in 2015. Pic: AP
The Russian president did not attend the funeral.
But the controversial leader paid tribute to the Pope, writing a message to Cardinal Kevin Farrell, who is interim chief of the Catholic Church.
“Please accept my most sincere condolences on the passing of His Holiness Pope Francis,” Mr Putin said.
“Throughout the years of his pontificate, he actively promoted the development of dialogue between the Russian
Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches, as well as constructive cooperation between Russia and the Holy See.”

Pope Francis and Benjamin Netanyahu meet at the Vatican in 2013. Pic: AP
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu also did not attend the ceremony, with the country’s ambassador Yaron Sideman going instead.
The Jewish state and the Vatican have had strong relations in the past, with Israel sending a presidential delegation to the funeral of Pope John Paul II in 2005, and Pope Francis visiting Israel in 2014.
But their relationship has deteriorated since the start of the war in Gaza.
A month after the conflict started in 2023, a dispute broke out over whether Pope Francis had used the word “genocide” to describe events in Gaza. Palestinians who met with him said he did, but the Vatican said he did not.
The Pope met relatives of Israeli hostages on the same day.
Israeli officials have since lobbied the Vatican to be more forceful in its condemnation of Hamas.
In January, the Pope called the humanitarian situation in Gaza “shameful”, prompting criticism from Rome’s chief rabbi, Riccardo Di Segni, who accused Francis of “selective indignation”.
Rabbi Di Segni said he would be attending the funeral, despite it taking place on the Jewish sabbath.
Was there a seating plan?
The seats were assigned in advance, with the heads of state sitting in French alphabetical order based on their country’s name, rather than on the individual’s.
This applied to everyone apart from the presidents of Italy and Argentina, who got the best seats because the Pope lived in Italy and was an Argentinian native.
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