A mission to study the Sun, and launching a climate observation satellite, a test vehicle as part of the Gaganyaan human space flight program, and an Indo-US synthetic aperture radar — ISRO has a packed schedule ahead. In addition, XPoSat (X-ray Polarimeter Satellite), the country’s first dedicated polarimetry mission to study various dynamics of bright astronomical X-ray sources in extreme conditions, is also ready for launch, an ISRO official said on Tuesday.

Aditya-L1, the first space-based Indian observatory to study the Sun, is getting ready for the launch, most likely in September first week.

According to ISRO Chairman, Somanath S, the space agency has also lined up the launch of a climate observation satellite INSAT-3DS.

The launch of a test vehicle mission, for the validation of the crew escape system for Gaganyaan, the country’s maiden human space flight mission, is also expected soon.

“(Then) we have to launch NISAR, the India-US built Synthetic Aperture Radar”, Somanath said in his independence day address at ISRO headquarters here on August 15. “So, our hands are full.” “We are going to build a large number of satellites for our security purpose as well in the coming days,” Somanath had said.

According to ISRO officials, NASA-ISRO SAR (NISAR) is a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) observatory being jointly developed by US space agency NASA and ISRO.

NISAR will map the entire globe in 12 days and provide spatially and temporally consistent data for understanding changes in Earth’s ecosystems, ice mass, vegetation biomass, sea level rise, groundwater, and natural hazards including earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanoes, landslides, said.

“It carries L and S dual band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), which operates with Sweep SAR technique to achieve large swath with high-resolution data. The SAR payloads mounted on Integrated Radar Instrument Structure (IRIS) and the spacecraft bus are together called an observatory”, an ISRO official noted.

Before undertaking the Gaganyaan human space (manned) flight mission, ISRO planned two unmanned missions. “We are getting ready for the (first of the two) unmanned crew module mission by the beginning of next year”, an ISRO official said. The objective of the Gaganyaan mission is to demonstrate the capability of conducting a human space flight mission to LEO on board an Indian Launch vehicle. The Orbital module consists of a Crew module and a Service module.

The crew module, which is a pressurised module, acts as living quarters for the crew. The orbital module will be positioned in an approximately 400 km circular orbit around Earth for one to 3 days & the crew module will return to the designated location at sea.