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You’re sitting at your desk in the office, tapping away at your laptop, you hear the unmistakable sound of a can being cracked open by your colleague sitting next to you.

But rather than an ice-cold coke or gut-friendly kombucha, they’re sipping a beer. On closer inspection you see it’s alcohol-free, but it’s a hoppy, malty beer nonetheless.

Fine if you work in a brewery perhaps, or an office with a ping-pong table and Beer Fridge Fridays, but this is credit control. It’s a Tuesday. It’s 10.30am. Is this weird? Is your boss going to have a word?

What if you work in a school? Or a hospital? Behind the controls of a Boeing 747? Could you sip a can of Guinness 0.0 while leading that important presentation to the big bosses from the sixth-floor corporate strategy business mergers division?

Alcohol-free beer GRAPHIC FOR GEMMA PEPLOW FEATURE

Debate in the office at Sky News HQ was sparked by recent comments by Frozen and Veronica Mars star Kristen Bell, who revealed she allows her daughters, aged 8 and 9, to drink non-alcoholic beer. Conversation about whether or not this is appropriate – let’s come to this later – opened up discussion on other scenarios that might get you cancelled, sacked, arrested, or frowned upon at the very least.

It’s an issue that some workplaces may have to consider. As more and more people look at ways to cut down on their drinking, the no-alcohol and low-alcohol drinks market is booming.

Analysis of “key markets”, including the UK and US, by International Wine and Spirit Research found the market value of no/low alcohol products in 2022 surpassed $11bn (about £8.64bn), up from $8bn (about £6.9bn) in 2018. Sales of products such as no or low-alcohol beer, cider, wine, spirits have doubled in the UK in the last five years, according to the charity Drinkaware.

Alcohol-free alternatives are growing in popularity in the pub, at dinner, and other social settings outside the 9-to-5. So whether it’s a glass of milk or a pint of beer, if there’s not enough alcohol to get us drunk – what’s stopping us at work?

Here’s what the legal experts say

Alcohol-free beer

“Consuming a non-alcoholic drink in the workplace is not illegal,” says Andrew Willis, associate director of legal at employment law specialists Croner. “As to whether it is acceptable or not will ultimately depend upon the stance of the company.”

The issue is similar to that of vaping, he points out, with the rise in people using the cigarette alternative leading many employers to update policies.

“If employers do allow non-alcoholic drinks in the workplace, they will need to consider how they will monitor what their employees are drinking given how alike the bottles or cans look to drinks containing alcohol,” he continues. “Many employers may decide it is a problem they could just do without and so decide to deem it unacceptable.”

With the rise in popularity of alcohol-free alternatives, employers are “waking up” to the fact they may need rules in place, says Melanie Stancliffe, a partner and employment law specialist at legal firm Cripps.

“If you’re counter staff at a high street bank and instead of having your coffee cup or your glass of water you have a non-alcoholic beer on show, I think it would have different perceptions – but the law wouldn’t necessarily be different,” she says. “Any employer has to be very clear on the expectation in the policies that set out what is allowed.”

Boozy bananas? The alcohol in your everyday snacks

Alcohol-free beer

Government recommendations in England say alcohol-free beverages may contain up to 0.05% ABV (alcohol by volume) – so a 500ml can of a 0.05% ABV drink would contain 0.025ml of alcohol, which is one fortieth of a unit of alcohol.

However, as this is voluntary guidance rather than law, some labelled as alcohol-free can contain up to 0.5% ABV – so a 500ml can would contain a quarter of a unit. For context, many everyday food and drink items contain small volumes of alcohol – bread, fruit juice, yoghurt, healthy kombucha, even bananas – some more than alcohol-free beers.

“Alcohol can naturally form in foods as sugars break down to form ethanol,” says Dr Duane Mellor, a dietician at Aston University in Birmingham. “This can occur in foods like bananas as they ripen, but only very low levels around 0.5% will form. Alcohol will naturally also form during proving as part of breadmaking, as yeast works on the starch in flour to produce alcohol; although most of this evaporates during baking, in some breads moderate levels can be left behind.”

Pilots, surgeons, teachers, police – what are the rules?

Alcohol-free beer

It’s all about perception, it seems. No one’s going to complain about you quaffing an orange juice on the job – but while it might legally be okay to drink an alcohol-free beer or wine while on duty, in certain situations it probably wouldn’t go down well.

The pilot taking you on your summer holiday, for example, is not allowed to fly when under the influence of drugs or alcohol, according to Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) rules, and there are further restrictions regarding consumption prior to duty.

In terms of alcohol-free drinks, there is no CAA ruling, but airlines may have their own policies to avoid misperception.

Having an operation? How would you feel about the surgeon sipping a can of alcohol-free beer during the procedure? Most hospitals prohibit food consumption of any kind in theatres, due to risk of contamination. Alcohol is banned, but water and some other fluids are allowed.

If you work in the NHS, it would be considered inappropriate to drink non-alcoholic beers, wines or spirits while on duty, as staff are expected to act professionally and uphold standards. But again, it seems there is no UK-wide ruling. And if it’s not going to get you drunk, why do we feel like this?

Sky News contacted a range of individual airlines and police forces, government departments and governing bodies, from the General Medical Council (GMC) to the National Police Chiefs’ Council to the Department of Education. Teachers, for example, are expected to maintain high standards of personal and professional conduct, in and outside of school – but does drinking a non-alcoholic drink count as unprofessional?

‘It’s associated with socialising or winding down’

Alcohol-free beer

For those worrying about their next hospital visit, be reassured; whether there are official rules in place or not, it seems healthcare workers police themselves.

“You sign up to a code of conduct,” one senior nurse told Sky News. “What would a patient turning up to A&E think? Even if there is no alcohol, it gives a bad impression. Some wards aren’t even allowed drinks like cups of tea due to infection control. Sometimes we might celebrate a New Year shift with [sparkling grape juice drink] Schloer – a patient got married on the ward once and we had Schloer then, too. Could I see a day when it might be “no-secco”? I suppose it’s possible. But only on those kinds of occasions.”

“It’s associated with socialising or winding down,” said another senior nurse. “It’s just not professional when in the workplace, especially in a hospital.”

Dr Nicholas Peat, a GP and co-founder of nutrition and lifestyle company UniquelyCreatedU, says there is no rule about the consumption of non-alcoholic drinks in front of patients, but it is a GP’s responsibility to act professionally. “I would not be comfortable drinking these types of beverages in front of a patient. These drinks could be easily misunderstood as the real thing. Furthermore, drinking while consulting can be distracting, and risks altering the flow of communication.”

‘There’s a time and a place’

Alcohol-free beer

For parents, the general consensus is that they wouldn’t be happy seeing teachers drinking alcohol-free beverages at school.

“The fact the drinks contain zero or very little alcohol is irrelevant,” said Hannah Doyle, an author and mum of twin boys at primary school in Sheffield. “To me it’s more about the message it sends… I think it would be confusing to children of all ages, particularly as low- or no-alcohol brands are designed to look just like their alcoholic counterparts. You won’t catch me swigging back a glass of alcohol-free red wine while I’m dishing out their breakfast just because it’s not boozy. For me, there’s a time and a place.”

Gareth Nye, a doctor and father of three, agreed. “It comes down to setting the right appearance to children who are growing and developing. Being responsible with how we set ourselves in front of children of all ages is crucial – teachers are still role models.”

What did Kristen Bell say?

Kristen Bell

The UK charity Drinkaware, which offers advice on alcohol consumption and how to cut down or stop, recommends swapping alcoholic drinks for low or no-alcohol alternatives for those looking to reduce intake. However, the guidance is to stick to thinking of them as an alternative – rather than introducing them into situations when you would not be drinking anyway.

“The general principle is to avoid them when you would also avoid drinking alcohol, for example when you are pregnant or while you are driving,” says chief executive Karen Tyrell. “They are also designed for adults and not suitable for children.”

Which brings us to Bell’s comments. During an appearance on The Kelly Clarkson Show, the actress said her young daughters had tried alcohol-free beer in the past. “You can judge me if you want, I’m not doing anything wrong,” she said.

During childhood and teenage years, the brain and body are still developing, so alcohol – even small amounts – can affect memory function, reactions, learning ability and attention span. But if the beer is alcohol-free, like Bell says: what’s the problem?

Well, not everyone was outraged; several parents who spoke to Sky News said they would also be open to using the drink for teaching their children.

Nick Sorrell, from Stoke on Trent, says he takes the same approach with his 13-year-old son that his father did with him. “He never kept alcohol a mystery. If I asked what a particular drink tasted or smelled like, I’d have the opportunity to sniff and maybe taste it as a young teenager.

“I feel it gave me an appreciation of what the drink was, so I was less likely to bow to peer pressure and drink nasty cheap cider in the park. My son has sampled some small sips of alcohol-free beer and wine, with sensible conversation about what alcohol does to people, and why I choose to consume more alcohol-free adult drinks than I do alcoholic.”

While Drinkaware advises against alcohol-free alternatives for children and for mums-to-be, pregnancy charity Tommy’s – which is guided by NHS advice – says they are safe for expectant mums as long as they are truly alcohol-free, so only up to 0.05%.

“If it is an occasion, they can make a great alternative to soft drinks that you might have every day,” the charity says. “Be aware that some drinks that claim to be ‘non-alcoholic’ can contain tiny amounts of alcohol so always check the label.”

Can there be a placebo effect?

GRAPHIC FOR GEMMA PEPLOW FEATURE

According to experts, some people may experience a placebo effect when consuming non-alcoholic drinks – so while they’re not actually drunk, they might feel like they are.

Dr Cathy Montgomery, a reader in psychopharmacology at Liverpool John Moores University’s School of Psychology, says a certain taste or the look of an alcoholic drink might be associated with previous feelings of drunkenness, so “when someone with experience of drinking alcohol switches to a zero-alcohol drink, which is designed to be similar… in look and taste, the expectancy of alcohol’s effects from our previous experiences can cause us to feel tipsy”.

Nottingham Trent University psychology professor Thom Baguley says the placebo effect is “deeply misunderstood” – including by many experts – and that it is important to consider the social setting; people behave differently even when drinking alcoholic drinks depending on whether they are alone or in a group, drinking at home or in a “stimulating” environment such as a pub.

“People aren’t that good at disentangling multiple influences on their behaviour so it seems most likely that people are attributing other influences to what they drink rather than the drink itself having an effect per se.”

So… will a low-alcohol drink get you drunk?

Non-alcoholic beer

Janey Lee Grace, who founded The Sober Club, believes that in situations where you would be able to drink a soft drink, alcohol-free alternatives should be allowed.

“I think most people would probably think twice before popping a cork on a bottle of 0% fizz at 11am when colleagues are drinking cola, but that’s just psychological,” she said. “Alcohol-free fizz isn’t intoxicating or addictive – they’re just ‘grown up’ soft drinks, so there is no difference to drinking cola – just less sugar.”

And brewing experts say they are safe.

Rod White, a master brewer and assistant professor at the International Centre for Brewing Science at the University of Nottingham, says alcohol-free beer will not have any impact – and even drinking low-alcohol beer of up to 1.5% is unlikely to get you drunk.

Take a low-alcohol 1.5% beer and a typical 4.5% beer – while you might think it would simply take three times as much of the low-alcohol beer to reach the drink-drive limit, he says research suggests this is not the case.

“I’m fairly sure that drinking 1.5% you would find it difficult, and that’s tested on people drinking over 10 pints,” he said. “It’s because with so much water coming in with the low level of alcohol, you break it down. There is more research required, and I am not a medical expert, but it’s likely to be very, very difficult, if not impossible – although I’m not suggesting people should try drinking that much and driving.”

Whatever the industry, there is technically no reason not to allow employees to drink alcohol-free alternatives, he said.

“Beer is actually very good for you, if you take the alcohol out. It contains things like soluble fibre, vitamins and minerals. It’s far healthier than a can of coke, because it’s all natural sugars.”

But is society ready to think of alcohol alternatives as general daytime drinks?

“It’s become acceptable in the pub as an alternative,” said Rod. “But in an office for example – I don’t think people could quite get their heads around it.”

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Springsteen: Deliver Me from Nowhere – a raw portrayal of the young rock star on the cusp of huge success

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Springsteen: Deliver Me from Nowhere - a raw portrayal of the young rock star on the cusp of huge success

“It’s a cliché,” says Bruce Springsteen, “but he is a rock star – and you can’t fake that.”

The Boss is talking about Jeremy Allen White, star of The Bear, who is now playing him in the upcoming film Deliver Me From Nowhere.

It comes after a flurry of biopics on musical greats in recent years, from Bohemian Rhapsody and Elvis to A Complete Unknown and Back To Black, but rather than an all-encompassing look at his epic career, this one focuses on a very specific period of its subject’s life; a raw portrayal of the young Springsteen, on the cusp of even greater success following the release of The River album, but struggling with inner demons and childhood trauma while writing the stark follow-up Nebraska, released in 1982.

Bruce Springsteen on stage in LA in 1985. Pic: AP/ Lennox McLendon
Image:
Bruce Springsteen on stage in LA in 1985. Pic: AP/ Lennox McLendon

Speaking at a Q&A held at Spotify’s London headquarters ahead of the film’s release, Springsteen, 76, said he had watched The Bear and “knew that was the kind of actor” needed – someone who could convey his inner turmoil, as well as play a convincing rock star.

“You either got that or you don’t have it, and he just had the swagger.”

Directed and co-written by Scott Cooper, the film is based on the book of the same name by Warren Zanes, and is the first time Springsteen’s life has been depicted on the big screen.

The star was on board straight away. “I figured, I’m 76 years old, I don’t really care what the f*** I do anymore. As you get older, certainly at my age, you take more risks in your work and in life in general.”

Jeremy Allen White stars as Bruce Springsteen in Deliver Me From Nowhere. Pic: Disney/ 20th Century Studios
Image:
Jeremy Allen White stars as Bruce Springsteen in Deliver Me From Nowhere. Pic: Disney/ 20th Century Studios

He and White first met at one of his gigs at Wembley Stadium, where Springsteen prepared himself for lots of questions. “I figured this guy is going to be tremendously interested in me.” But White had done his homework, arriving “so prepared that he really asked me very few questions”.

Springsteen was on set regularly, “which I always apologise to [White] for because… it’s gotta be really weird playing the guy with the guy’s stupid ass sitting there.”

Learning five Bruce songs

And White also had to take on the music. When told he would need to sing and play guitar, his jokey response was: “I don’t do those things. Are you sure?” He had about six months and learned on a 1955 Gibson J-200, sent to him by Springsteen, as the closest model to his Nebraska guitar.

“I was getting together with [teacher JD Simo] on Zoom, four or five, six times a week to prepare. And the first time we hopped on, I said, ‘hey, I’m so excited to learn how to play guitar with you’. And he said, ‘we don’t have time to learn how to play the guitar, we have time to learn these five Bruce songs’. So I learned the guitar in a very strange way.”

Springsteen says it “took me a moment” to get used to seeing his story being dramatised, to White playing him. But he was happy.

“I always go, damn, when did I get that good looking?” he jokes. But he says White’s performance was impressive, that he was able to sing songs “that are hard for me to sing, some of them”.

Keeping the sweat going

Mastering the big hits, Born To Run, Born In The USA, was tough, says White. Thinking he would need to keep his heart rate high for his performance scenes, White says he took a weighted rope on set, to skip and “keep my sweat going”. Turns out, it wasn’t necessary. “When you perform Born To Run or Born In The USA, that sweat comes naturally… I did not need to use that rope.”

Part of the film goes back to Springsteen’s childhood, to the house he grew up in. “They did a very, very good job of putting that house back together,” he says. It is the home he visits “in my dreams to this day, at least a couple of times year… so being able to physically walk into what felt like that living space, my grandmother’s house, my grandfather’s house with my parents, we all lived there together. It was quite a miracle and quite wonderful”.

Springsteen with White and Stephen Graham at the Deliver Me From Nowhere London Film Festival premiere. Pic: Scott A Garfitt/Invision/AP
Image:
Springsteen with White and Stephen Graham at the Deliver Me From Nowhere London Film Festival premiere. Pic: Scott A Garfitt/Invision/AP

British actor and recent Emmy winner Stephen Graham plays Springsteen’s late father, and the drama delves into their difficult relationship.

Remembering the family struggles

Reliving those experiences was “powerful”, the star says. He watched an early screening with his younger sister, who held his hand throughout. “And at the end she says, isn’t it wonderful that we have this… it honours our family, it honours the memory of the struggles that we went through… To have it on film in the way that it was portrayed, meant a great deal to my sister and myself.”

Springsteen says he hopes people will connect with the film, with this part of his story, the same as the crowds in front of him do every time he walks on stage.

“The E Street Band will be good every night because that’s what we do,” he says. “But how great we’re going to be is up to you… Hopefully there’s an element of transcendence… and hopefully it stays with [the audience] for as long as they need.”

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Are Donald Trump’s film tariff threats making investors ‘dither’ in UK?

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Are Donald Trump's film tariff threats making investors 'dither' in UK?

At West London Film Studios – where major productions from Bridget Jones’s Baby to Killing Eve have all filmed – while Apple TV+’s Ted Lasso is currently being shot in one of their 10 sound stages (across two sites), it pains owner Frank Khalid that one of his biggest stages is empty.

But he has a theory as to why – Donald Trump’s social media posts threatening tariffs on films made outside the US.

“Prior to [Trump] posting that we had quite some big major features come to us looking for space,” he says, “and it’s just gone very quiet since he posted… maybe it’s a coincidence, I don’t know, but I believe it has affected us.”

Frank Khalid, owner of West London Film Studios
Image:
Frank Khalid, owner of West London Film Studios

In September, on his social media platform Truth Social, Trump wrote that America’s “movie making business has been stolen….by other countries…like…’candy from a baby’.”

Repeating a threat he’d first made last May, he claimed he’d authorised his government departments to put a “100% tariff on any and all movies that are made outside of the United States”.

For bigger studios, like Pinewood and Elstree, block-booked years in advance by the major movie producers, his words haven’t had any immediate effect.

But, at smaller studios, like Khalid’s, he certainly feels like there’s been a ripple effect.

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“We had a letter from one major big American production saying [the tariff] is not possible, [Trump] legally can’t do it… but at the end of the day, he doesn’t have to do it, the damage is done, isn’t it? By him just posting that… the confidence in the market goes down.”

As Jon Wardle, director of the National Film and Television School, explains, the industry has “always been a bit feast or famine, and we’re in a slight lull… it’s not quite the boom of what it was in 2022 after COVID, but probably at that point we were making a few too many projects.”

Jon Wardle says the UK 'needs to be more committed to homegrown talent'
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Jon Wardle says the UK ‘needs to be more committed to homegrown talent’

Wardle says, Trump’s threatened tariffs are certainly likely to make film companies “slightly more nervous” and “dither a bit more” when it comes to signing off on projects a few years down the line.

But he says it’s important to remember that US studios have “invested hugely” in the UK.

“Disney has a 10-year lease at Pinewood, Amazon has a 10-year lease at Shepperton, the investment for those companies is massive. And the other part of this is that it’s not going to be cheaper to make those films in America. In fact, it’ll be more expensive.”

West London Studios has 194,000 square feet of production space and is one of the UK’s leading independent studios
Image:
West London Studios has 194,000 square feet of production space and is one of the UK’s leading independent studios

While the UK industry appears to be finding its feet after the knock-on effects of COVID shutdowns and the US writer’s strike, some smaller studios say Trump’s tariff threats are certainly on their radar.

Farnborough International Studios told us that while it has “recently hosted major TV series for companies such as Paramount and Amazon”, it has “seen film bookings and enquiries slowing down since the first sign of imposed tariffs”.

While West Yorkshire’s Production Park said they’d “not seen any slowdown”, a spokesperson for their studios said they are “tracking wider policy changes that could affect us”.

Mr Wardle says: “I think is it’s a good warning to the UK industry. I think the UK needs to take more seriously the commitment to its own homegrown talent. How do you make projects that aren’t funded and paid for by Americans or another nation?”

This year's London Film Festival
Image:
This year’s London Film Festival


With little detail for now, few working within the industry can fathom how a tariff would deliver the happy ending of shoots returning to Hollywood that Donald Trump might desire without driving up costs and stifling investment.

“There’s a huge number of questions about how you actually make tariffs work,” Mr Wardle explains. “It seems like a silly example, but production accountants: we train production accountants and nowhere else in the world does… we planted those seeds 20 years ago and we’re now reaping the rewards.

“It’s not going to be cheaper to make those films in America… so they’ll just make less.”

While Number 10 awaits full details of the latest US tariffs and their potential impact on the UK, a government spokesperson said: “Our film industry employs millions of people, generates billions for our economy and showcases British culture globally. We are absolutely committed to ensuring it continues to thrive and create good jobs right across the country.”

Listen below to Trump100 from May where we discuss Trump’s tariff threat:

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The madness of trying to second-guess what the president might mean becomes all too apparent at an event like this year’s London Film Festival.

Mr Wardle explains: “There are films in this festival that were made in Britain and in the US, made physically in terms of the shoot in London, post-produced in Canada, with VFX done in India…. how do you apply tariffs? At what point do you do that?”

Read more:
Hollywood is dying – but insiders fear Trump’s tariff threat may hasten demise
Trump plan for tariff on non-US movies could deal knock-out blow, union says

On the red carpet, actor Charles Dance – who stars in Guillermo del Toro’s Frankenstein – questioned Trump’s knowledge of filmmaking.

“I don’t think he is generally known for his own understanding of culture,” he said, “this is a man who wants to concrete over the Rose Garden.”

Rian Johnson, director of the Knives Out franchise, said it was “dark times right now in the States, for a lot of reasons”.

“All we can do is keep making movies we believe in, that matter, that say things to audiences… I think we need more of that so we’ll keep forging ahead as long as we’re able,” he said.

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BBC Gaza documentary breached broadcasting code, Ofcom finds

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BBC Gaza documentary breached broadcasting code, Ofcom finds

A BBC Gaza documentary breached the broadcasting code, an Ofcom investigation has found.

The regulator said the failure to disclose that the 13-year-old boy narrating the programme was the son of a deputy minister in the Hamas-run government broke the rules and that it was “materially misleading” not to mention it.

In July, the BBC said it breached its own editorial guidelines by failing to disclose the full identity of the child narrator’s father in the Gaza: How To Survive A Warzone documentary.

The documentary was made by independent production company Hoyo Films, and features 13-year-old Abdullah Alyazouri, who speaks about life in Gaza during the war between Israel and Hamas.

It was pulled from BBC iPlayer in February after it emerged that the boy was the son of Ayman Alyazouri, who has worked as Hamas’s deputy minister of agriculture.

A report into the controversial programme said three members of the independent production company knew about the role of the boy’s father – but no one within the BBC was aware.

Ofcom’s investigation into the documentary, which followed 20 complaints, found that the audience was deprived of “critical information” which could have been “highly relevant” to their assessment of the narrator and the information he provided.

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The report said the failed to disclose a narrator’s links to Hamas “had the potential to erode the significantly high levels of trust that audiences would have placed in a BBC factual programme about the Israel-Gaza war”.

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Crises within the BBC

Following an internal review into the programme, followed by a full fact-finding review the BBC’s director of Editorial Complaints and Reviews, Peter Johnston, the corporation’s director general, Tim Davie, and Hoyo Films apologised.

Hoyo films said it was “working closely with the BBC” to see if it could find a way to bring back parts of the documentary to iPlayer, adding: “Our team in Gaza risked their lives to document the devastating impact of war on children.

“Gaza: How To Survive A Warzone remains a vital account, and our contributors – who have no say in the conflict – deserve to have their voices heard.”

Israel does not allow international news organisations into Gaza to report independently.

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Describing it as “a serious breach of our rules,” Ofcom said they were directing the BBC to broadcast a statement of their findings against it on BBC2 at 9pm, with a date yet to be confirmed.

Responding to the findings of Ofcom’s investigation, a BBC spokesperson said: “The Ofcom ruling is in line with the findings of Peter Johnston’s review, that there was a significant failing in the documentary in relation to the BBC’s editorial guidelines on accuracy, which reflects Rule 2.2 of Ofcom’s Broadcasting Code.

“We have apologised for this and we accept Ofcom’s decision in full.

“We will comply with the sanction as soon as the date and wording are finalised.”

The BBC has faced numerous controversies in recent months, and just last week, former MasterChef presenter Gregg Wallace filed a High Court claim, suing the broadcaster and its subsidiary BBC Studios Distribution Limited for “distress and harassment” after he was sacked from the cooking show in July.

The 61-year-old ex-greengrocer was dismissed after an investigation into historical allegations of misconduct upheld multiple accusations against him.

The BBC has said Wallace is not “entitled to any damages,” and denies he “suffered any distress or harassment as a result of the responses of the BBC”.

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